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Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FLOOD EVENTS ON FIRE BRIGADE INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING VEHICLES WITH ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

Year

2025

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260

Peer Reviewed

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Title

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FLOOD EVENTS ON FIRE BRIGADE INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING VEHICLES WITH ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

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Authors

Michal Ballay; Jozef Kubás

DOI

10.5593/sgem2025/3.1/s11.09

DOI Issue

10.5593/sgem2025/3.1

ISSN

1314-2704

ISBN

978-619-7603-81-1

Language

English

Volume

Issue

3.1

Editor

• Prof. Dr. hab. oec. Baiba Rivza, LATVIA• Prof. DSc. Ildiko Tulbure, GERMANY• Prof. DSc. Oleksandr Trofymchuk, UKRAINE

Scientific Area

Hydrology, Water Resources, and Climate Resilience

Abstract/ Foreword

This article analyzes the impact of flood events on fire brigade response activities concerning vehicles using alternative energy sources, with a particular focus on electric vehicles. Given the increasing number of electric vehicles and the observed rise in the frequency and intensity of floods attributed to climate change, the probability of these vehicles becoming submerged is increasing, posing specific challenges for fire brigades. The analysis focuses on the risks associated primarily with electric shock and battery ignition after submersion. The article examines in detail the specificities of high-voltage systems in electric vehicles and analyzes the potential risks for fire brigades during response activities in submerged conditions. Emphasis is placed on the use of personal protective equipment, proper isolation procedures for high-voltage systems, and monitoring the risk of battery thermal runaway. The article emphasizes that although submerged electric vehicles do not pose a risk of electrifying the surrounding aquatic environment, the potential hazards associated with vehicle and battery damage require heightened caution and adherence to standard operating procedures and manufacturer instructions.

References (click to open)

[1] Ballay, M. and M. Monoši, 2024. Understanding the key elements of electric vehicle technology in relation to fire departments when performing rescue work. Žilina: University of Žilina in Žilina
[2] National policy for the implementation of alternative fuel infrastructure in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. Draft approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic on 09.11.2016. [online], Bratislava: Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic [cited 5 May 2025]. Available from: https://rokovania.gov.sk/RVL/Material/21565/1
[3] Global EV Outlook 2019 [online]. Iea.org website, 1.5. 2019 [cited 10 May 2025]. Available from: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2019
[4] HROMÁDKO, J. Special combustion engines and alternative propulsion systems. Prague: Grada Publishing, 2012. ISBN 978-80-247-4455
[5] Puna M. 2019, Alternative energy sources for automobile propulsion - dangers for responding firefighters and their minimization. In: Proceedings of the international conference FIRECO 2019 Safety and innovations in the automotive industry held on May 2, 2019 in Trencín. Bratislava: Fire Engineering and Expertise Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, ISBN 978-80-89051-23-6.
[6] Oravcová J., Lajcák M., Buchcar P.2019, Proposal of a methodology for rescue work in an electric vehicle traffic accident under HaZZ conditions. In: Proceedings of the international conference FIRECO 2019 Safety and innovations in the automotive industry held on May 2, 2019 in Trencín. Bratislava: Fire Engineering and Expertise Institute of the Ministry of the Interior of the SR, ISBN 978-80-89051-23-6.
[7] Ballay, M. and M. Monoši, Technology of electric vehicles in relation to fire departments during rescue operations. [online]. Žilina: University of Žilina in Žilina [cited 5 May 2025]. Available from: https://www.fbi.uniza.sk/uploads/Dokumenty/casopis_km/archiv/2016_02/06O1%20Ballay%20Monosi.pdf
[8] Handbook for Accidents and Rescue of Motor Vehicles with High-Voltage Traction Batteries, 2018, First Edition. Published by: Volkswagen Slovakia, a.s.
[9] Handbook for Emergency Situations, 2020. Published by: TESLA Motors.
[10] Firefighters in Lešt demonstrated extinguishing an electric car in a closed space. 2025. Web portal Teraz.sk. Available at: https

Acknowledgements (click to open)

This article was supported by the project KEGA 041ŽU-4/2023 Educational and training module expanding the knowledge, skills and competences of students of the rescue services program, and KEGA 046ŽU-4/2025 An online educational platform for preparing residents for self-protection and mutual assistance and an interactive university textbook focused on civil protection issues.

Type

conference

Url

https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2025/3.1/s11.09

Full manuscript

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ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FLOOD EVENTS ON FIRE BRIGADE INTERVENTIONS INVOLVING VEHICLES WITH ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

Proceedings Тitle

Proceedings of 25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025, Volume 25, Issue 3.1

Note

25th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2025, Volume 25, Issue 3.1, 29 June - 6 July, 2025

Type

Proceedings Paper

Publisher

STEF92 Technology

Series

International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM

Organization

SWS Scholarly Society; Acad Sci Czech Republ; Latvian Acad Sci; Polish Acad Sci; Russian Acad Sci; Serbian Acad Sci and Arts; Natl Acad Sci Ukraine; Natl Acad Sci Armenia; Sci Council Japan; European Acad Sci, Arts and Letters; Acad Fine Arts Zagreb Croatia; Croatian Acad Sci and Arts; Acad Sci Moldova; Montenegrin Acad Sci and Arts; Georgian Acad Sci; Acad Fine Arts and Design Bratislava; Russian Acad Arts; Turkish Acad Sci.

Pages

67-78

Date

29 June - 6 July, 2025

Online Source Type

website

Digital Source Type

10356

Keywords

electromobility, fire brigades, flood, risk, measures, civil protection.