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Optimizing protein digestibility in laying hens is essential for maximizing egg production, reducing feed costs, and minimizing nitrogen excretion into the environment. This abstract examines the physiological and dietary factors influencing the efficiency of protein utilization in modern high-production strains. Standard dietary protein sources, such as soybean meal, typically exhibit ileal digestibility coefficients between 0.80 and 0.90; however, these values are highly sensitive to the presence of anti-nutriti...

Agriculture sector has a major role in food security worldwide, through its contribution to the production and availability of highly nutritious and safe foods such as meats, eggs, milk and vegetables. There has been an interest in the production of designer poultry eggs to meet the need of consumers with a healthy lifestyle. Chicken eggs represent a relevant diet source of cholesterol. Compared to other animal protein sources, eggs contain proportionately less saturated fat, which has generally been recognized as...

Agriculture sector has a major role in food security worldwide, through its contribution to the production and availability of highly nutritious and safe foods such as meats, eggs, milk and vegetables. In recent years, global warming crises became a serious worldwide issue since it adversely affects human health. One of the solutions to this serious problem is to establish integrated farming system (IFS). This is because the integrated farming system use natural resources efficiently, reduce problem of waste, mini...

Poultry meat and eggs are considered as one of the most popular food items all over the world due to their content of high quality nutrients including protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. During the past decade, many countries have increased their commercial production of these essential products to meet the increased demand by consumers, especially with the increasing populations all over the world. However, there is an urgent need to ensure sustainable poultry production for the local consumer. Using native ...

Providing an affordable high quality animal protein, a high chance for investment, job opportunities and a great source of income for the small holders, poultry production/farming remains as a stable investment all over the world. However the recent pandemic - Corona Virus Disease -19 (Covid-19) affected the sustainability of various animal production sectors worldwide and in developing countries and the influences of these are more severe. Excluded from the mandatory closures are those industries involved in the ...

Poultry meat and table eggs are known to be a popular food items all over the world. The nutritional value of poultry white meat is of great value over the red meat. It contains considerable amount of protein, minerals, vitamins, and fat. In order to ensure a good quality of poultry products, the flock should be a good health and free from infectious agents. Antibiotics were widely used to prevent diseases in poultry flocks. However, using antibiotics for long time may lead to microbes that are resistant to drugs....

Molluscs are invertebrates that form one of the largest groups in the animal kingdom, with more than 100,000 known species. A wide range of molluscs including families of Pulmonata, Gastropoda, Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae are intermediate hosts of trematodes. The snail Lymnaea stagnalis belongs to the family Lymnaeidae under the order Basommatophora-class Pulmonata is known to be an intermediate host of several parasites such as Chaetogaster limnaei which belongs to the annelid family, Naididae, an ecologically div...

Molluscs are invertebrates that form one of the largest groups in the animal kingdom, with more than 100,000 known species. A wide range of molluscs including families of Pulmonata, Gastropoda, Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae are intermediate hosts of trematodes. The snail Lymnaea stagnalis belongs to the family Lymnaeidae under the order Basommatophora-class Pulmonata is known to be an intermediate host of several parasites such as Chaetogaster limnaei which belongs to the annelid family, Naididae, an ecologically div...

Use of fish meals or oils in the poultry diets has made it possible to increase the level of long chain n-3 fatty acids in meat. When meat is enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all vegatble fat sources are less effective than marine fats. This effect results due to the content of n-3 fatty acids (FA) because marine fats or oils are composed of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and dosahexaenoic acid in generally a higher proportion whereas vegatable oils contain linolenic acid (LNA) whose conversion to lon...

Use of fish meals or oils in the poultry diets has made it possible to increase the level of long chain n-3 fatty acids in meat. When meat is enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all vegatble fat sources are less effective than marine fats. This effect results due to the content of n-3 fatty acids (FA) because marine fats or oils are composed of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and dosahexaenoic acid in generally a higher proportion whereas vegatable oils contain linolenic acid (LNA) whose conversion to lon...

Abnormal numbers of specific types of leukocytes may indicate immuno-suppression or immunocompetence in response to an immunomodulator. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of feeding broilers on diet containing flaxseed on splenocyte Tand B- cells. Upon hatching, all chicks were given the same basal diet for 13 d. Dietary supplementation of flaxseed started at 14 d of ages until the end of the cycle at 35 d of age. At slaughter, samples of spleen were collected. Spleen cells were harvested in ...

Natural Killer (NK) cells are large granular cytotoxic lymphocytes that play a role in the innate immune response against tumour cells and virally infected cells. In pathogen-free chickens, these cells are thermolabile at 37oC and resistant to treatment with anti-B or anti-T cell anti-sera. This is in contrast to humans and rats, where NK cells are resistant to temperature manipulation for 30 or 60 minutes. While some reports suggest that NK cells are adherent and phagocytic, others suggest they are non-adherent a...