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In Turkey in the Tuncbilek coal basin, the subject area of this study, there are gray and brown colored marl formations. As known, the test specimens shall be conditioned in such a way as to be reached to the natural water content before the strength tests, and it is preferred to use the saturated specimen in order to be representative for levels below the groundwater. It is noticed that the gray marl core samples taken from Tuncbilek were broken into parallel slices by the influence of water in less than half an ...

The solid snow cover sediments were investigated by X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with the aim of geochemical monitoring in Lake Baikal Region. The detailed study on the micron level of phase and chemical composition variations of solid sediments from monitoring profile at different degree of anthropogenic stress allows identification of basic pollution sources and evaluation of their influence on the environment of the region. Thus, the data of investigation of snow cover, as indicator towards the cha...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been known as human risk factors in urban environments, as well as primary contributors to the formation of photochemical oxidants.These compounds are a major component of atmospheric pollutants in Konya, that is a large city in Turkey. This study assessed the concentrations of seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including Ethylbenzene, m/p xylene, styrene , o- xylene, 1,3,5 Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4 Trimethylbenzene and 1,2,3 Trimethylbenzene, in Konya/Turkey during the p...

The current climate change regulations have been investigated based on the data of 90 meteorological stations of Georgia from 1906 to 2005. It was revealed that the climate change has the mosaic character: arid landscapes became warm more quickly than humid ones, which were even cooled in many cases. The dynamics of recurrence of anomalous deviations of monthly average temperatures have been investigated.

Fluorine as one of the most abundant trace elements in coals is released into the air by combustion and pyrolysis of coal. The produced fluorine gaseous compounds, particularly hydrogen fluoride, are harmful due to their toxicity to living organisms and as a source of corrosion of metallic and ceramic materials. Reliable determination of generally very low concentrations of fluorine in coal (ten to hundred ppm level) is difficult. Standard analytical methods require tedious procedures for sample decomposition and ...

Drought is a stress factor that cause of limitation life activities and effects the vegetal production. Plants are the most important source that feeding necessity of the human population who increase rapidly. Drought stress, heat stress and heat shock, low heat and freezing, salinity and oxygen deficiency are the main stress factors that lead to plant growing. Because of these stress types, the biological mass and yield of plant usually decreases under of genetic potential at the end of growing season. Drought is...

Industrial activities have the direct goal to help increasing the quality of life of the population. Beside positive direct and desired effects of industrial activities these have also negative, undesired and sometimes unthinkable effects on the environment and society. Especially mining based industrial activities have several unwanted impacts on environment, but not only on environment. With the goal of assuring the sustainable development of our human society it is therefore necessary to evaluate industrial pro...

Methane emissions released into the atmosphere during coal mining, exerts a double environmental impact, namely they participate to the ozone layer depletion process and, simultaneously, they have a significant contribution to the enforcement of the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, this methane can be used by the mining operators, as main or ancillary fuel resource for energetic purposes. Until now, in Romania an overall energetic potential study was not systematically carried out, regarding the hard coal bas...

The Earth climate has been changing during recent decades towards increase of global surface average temperatures. The process is known as “global warming”. The causes for this climate phenomenon have been globally disputed but most of world scientists participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change agreed on the fact that human industrialization has a major impact on this process by emitting additional quantities of greenhouse gasses (GHG) called anthropogenic emissions. The world nations have ...

Tectonic hollow of Kosovo with characteristic geological construction, specific geological - historical development and the presence of a great number of lignite strata in new sediments, present a very interesting region, specific for multidimensional study. The considerable reserves of lignite in Kosovo basin, ascertain from geological exploration, present important recourse in one side whereas its exploitation for combustion in Kosovo power plants presents a great environmental problem on the other side. Kosovo ...

Ambient particulate matter contains numerous organic species, including several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are known or suspected carcinogens. Atmospheric particles were collected using low-volume sampler on glass fiber filters among August 2007-June 2008. The study area is under the influence of heavy traffic. Filter samples were extracted with petroleum ether /n-hexane by ultrasonic agitation, concentrated, and measured at trace levels using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The method wa...

In southwestern Sibovc specific working conditions during development of technological process of production make necessary the working criteria to define ergonomically, particularly from the aspect of harmful influentials which send to professional injuries and diseases at work. For this reason in this studies are presented monitoring of noise measurements in southwestern Sibovc also light and microclimate measurements in oils laboratory. In following except the negative effects of noise, lightening, temperature,...

The properties of individual particles, rather than bulk aerosol characteristics, determine the environmental and health impact of the atmospheric pollutants. Single particles have been sampled during 30 fog episodes at the mount Milesovka (837 m a.s.l.) located in the industrially polluted area of north Bohemian brown coalfield. More than 2000 of these solid, water insoluble particles, collected from May 2006 till July 2007, have been analyzed by SEM-EDX and classified according to their shape, size and elemental...

Bond-Order Conservation-Morse Potential (BOC-MP) method is used in order to carry out the calculation. One of the best catalysts for methanol synthesis in catalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O is Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 whose surface is supported by with some amount of Pd or Ga. Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Cu will result in methanol formation; while on Ni will lead to methane formation. In the mechanism of methanol synthesis from CO2+ H2O on Cu, the formate (HCOO) hydrogenation step is ratedetermining step and in the mechanis...

In this study, global warming’s effects on soil temperature of Turkey was evaluated by analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of the soil temperature data with the help of 3.5D Geographical Information System (GIS) Models. Soil temperature data in 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm depths in 74 city centers since 1975 were used. These data were compared with 34 years mean temperature of each city and deviations were shown by using GIS on the map. It is determined that soil temperature values in Turkey...

The goals of the present work are: (1) A theoretical analysis of possible reaction pathways to the synthesis of methanol and methane from CO2 and H2O and the selection of the best path from the view point of energy. (2) Investigation of the kinetic of assumed reactions. For determination of mechanism, BOC-MP method is used. By using of this theory, it is possible to calculate the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters and therefore predict the intermediates and the mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic reaction. With...

Today, tourism is considered in a different approach, away from classic tourism understanding. The countries which have developed their national aviation and can create alternative tourism types have been ahead and had advantages in payment balances. However, the governments of some countries which guide the world tourism today have had to give financial support to save their aviation campanies under a heavy economical crisis after the 11th. september terror events and afterwards during the economic crisis. Under ...

Heat and exhaust emissions are representing two of the major health and safety issues induced by the presence of Diesel-mounted equipments in underground mines. The first one has greater effects in deep mines, while the second one requires a careful dimensioning of ventilation airflows in all mines. Taking into consideration the higher exposure level of Diesel mounted equipment drivers at the noxious products contained in the exhaust emissions, it clearly appears as a major safety concern the need for an expeditio...

For many years, natural disasters were perceived as unavoidable strokes of misfortune brought about by nature’s unpredictable forces. Taking into consideration the magnitude of the tsunami in Asia in 2004, the heavy floods in Mozambique in 2000, and Hurricane Mitch in Central America in 1998, we can see that developing countries are the most victims of such events, mostly due to their limited capacities and resources to mitigate disasters. On another hand is quite visible the efforts that are put on places both ...