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The continuous development of data acquisition and processing techniques in planetary geomagnetic observatories and satellite data, allows at this time to extract as complete information about the morphology and evolution over time of the terrestrial geomagnetic field. The Sun, the source of all energy on Earth, heat the planet and drive the motions of atmosphere. The brightness of the Sun with 11-years solar cycles with 0.1% variation may be explaining the major driving changes in weather patterns on Earth. At th...

Nowadays the tackling climate change is the greatest sustainability and environmental challenge for the world. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as the political forum, particularly Paris meeting held in 2015, agreed that international and national actions on climate change are necessary. Climate change has already become significant in Europe, with the mean temperature increasing, and extreme weather events becoming more frequent. Europe (i.e., Latvia) is warming faster than many ...

One of the most negative effects of the development of our civilization is global warming. The results of many studies and analyzes clearly confirm that it is human activity that is the main cause of changes that occur in the natural environment, which in turn also leads to climate change. Increasing emissions of greenhouse gases and other harmful gaseous, liquid and solid substances cause very intense destruction of our ecosystem. This, in turn, results in irreversible changes in the natural environment, which ca...

The glacial lake Kucherla is located in the Altai Mountains at an altitude of 1790 meters above sea level. We use the 112 cm core obtained in March 2018 from the deepest part of the lake (45 m) for the study. In the process of coring, special attention was paid to the preservation of the upper layers of the bottom sediment (water - sediment boundary). Bottom sediments of the lake contain visual layers with a thickness of 1-3 mm. We count the layers using photographs of the optical sections. Counting the layers and...

Microbial processes are of crucial importance for life on Earth. Microorganisms are capable of unique transformations on a global scale that all contribute to the harmonious functioning of the biosphere. Some microbial processes and their final products can influence atmospheric composition and climatic conditions on a planetary scale. Climate change, easy to see in recent decades, can alter the functioning of microbial communities and trigger positive or negative feedbacks. Microbial activities, such as organic m...

Bacteria, molds and even algae are commonly found in the environment. Under certain conditions, bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae grow on the facades of prefabricated panel apartment buildings. The article deals with the comparison of two different locations in Ostrava with respect to the occurrence of microbial attacks on the facades of residential prefabricated panel buildings. The first of the locations is adjacent to a high-frequency automobile traffic route and also close to the industrial zone in the lower Vitk...

Due to pressures to conserve energy, many buildings have in recent times been retrofitted with additional insulation. This has resulted in the appearance of microorganisms on the surfaces of building facades more frequently than before. This does not mean, however, that these microorganisms are not also found on uninsulated buildings. In earlier years, the facades of the apartment buildings were not aesthetically distinctive, often using colors such as gray, beige, and the like. Microorganisms may not have been as...

As a participant of the UI Green Metric World University Ranking Network, the RUDN-University realized a complex of projects on sustainability and environment protection. Currently the university is on the 41th position in the ranking and is a national coordinator of this program in Russia. Among the main directions of the activities are the development of education on sustainability and environmental protection, resource and energy saving projects, research projects of different environmental and sustainability t...

In general, analogues are examples that demonstrate one or more key aspects of some concept or technology that is being developed. By studying such analogues, we can improve our understanding of both the technical concept and its application - in this case, large-scale geological CO2 storage involving one or more Mt of CO2. Two main types of CO2 occurrence are found in nature: ?Accumulations that have remained in place for thousands to millions of years with noevidence of leakage (Ciocaia site); and ?Accumulations...

Snow cover is an important climatic factor and its changes have a strong influence on water resources and water balance in Bulgaria, as well as on the development of agriculture, tourism, transport and others. The main objective of this study is to analyze the long-term time series of snow cover depth and snow or mixed precipitation types, as well as to summarize the results for each administrative district in Bulgaria. Data from 246 weather stations of the meteorological network of the National Institute of Meteo...

The purpose of the paper has been presenting the evolution of concentrations for four main air pollutants in Craiova, so as to show the situation of air quality in this major city in Southern Romania, also finding the best statistical model to fit the recorded data for particulate matter with diameter of less than 10 microns transported by the wind within the urban area. In order to accomplish this purpose, experimental data have been gathered during the entire year 2018 in the above-mentioned town, by two air qua...

Aerosol particles, despite their small size, have a great influence on climate change and on human health. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is one of the main parameters characterizing the scattering and absorbing effects of solar radiation in the atmosphere, therefore creating a methodology for researching the AOD variability is a very current task. Nowadays, the AERONET solar photometer database for the Black Sea is represented by 2 functioning stations: Galata_Platform (Bulgaria) and Gloria (Romania), which is not e...

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of snow cover and snow precipitations carry important information about available water resources, snow load estimations, the plant vegetation period, habitat change and etc., which is crucial for many environmental, ecological, hydrological and technical issues. This study is focused on the tendencies in the regime of the snowfalls and the snow cover in Strandzha region during the period 1961-2017. The monthly values about number of days with snow cover and snow precip...

This paper addresses the problem of atmospheric pollution due to the scrapping of motor vehicles. Most of the materials used in the automotive industry are non-renewable, so the decommissioning of cars is a global problem. The environmental impact of this type of pollution is irreversible. In Romania, this problem is amplified by the purchase of second-hand cars that have a low life expectancy and are much earlier in the situation of being scrapped. Recovery of scrapped materials must be done selectively because a...

Volatile organic compounds produced by industrial activities are harmful to human health and environment, playing an important role in environment quality, but especially in air quality. The main issues raised by presence of volatile organic compounds in the environment are ozone depletion, ozone photochemical formation at ground level, increased global greenhouse effect, carcinogenic effects, toxic and other health problems. The paper presents a case study conducted at an economic operator dealing with treatment ...

The chemical hazard for Pezinok District is analysed. Risk identification of the objects with high amounts of chemicals includes both industrial and the common civil objects and facilities. The highest possible number of people under the risk in case of chemical leakage as a result of terrorist attack is taken into account as well as the health consequences according the certain concentration of the chemical matter. The air pollution period and environmental impact on the fauna and flora, including soil contaminat...

RM/RA CRAMM method is a multispectral method for risk management including risk assessment process. It is used mainly for environmental, technology and social threats including major natural emergency events e.g. floods, forest fires, whirlwinds, earthquakes, landslides etc. The paper explains the logic of the method and its application though the Risk Assessment Scoreboard with quantitative inputs and outputs calculated by a simple logic function. The method respects its main sources - EN 31001 Risk management an...

Air pollution in cities caused by traffic is an important environmental and health issue worldwide. Air pollution caused by traffic exceeds air pollution from other anthropogenic sources, such as industrial, various heat supply and residential areas. This study analyzes a wide range of pollutants in snowpacks at different intensity roads in one of the largest cities in Latvia in Jelgava. Snow samples are taken from three sampling points at distance of 1 m, 10 m, and 20 m from the roadway. In the study, various met...

The study of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere is one of the important parts of climate research, because according to the reports of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the growth of GHG content in the atmosphere is the most likely cause of modern global warming. Such studies are of great importance in the arctic territories, where the climate effects are most pronounced. The Institute of Industrial Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterin...

Particulate matter and heavy metals represent some of the most dangerous pollutants along with nitrogen and sulfur oxides and the persistent organic pollutants. They affect not only human health, but also all living things and, some of them, even the climate by light diffusion and/or greenhouse effect. Thus, PM2.5 can induce serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while both PM2.5 and PM10 play an important role in the atmospheric chemical and physical processes. At their turn, even though some heavy meta...

Thermodynamic physical chemistry methods and databases allowing to model and calculate phase-chemical equilibria and transformations of advanced materials with taking into account dispersion have been developed. These methods and corresponding cods are unlimited with regard to number of species, components, phases, and composition of research systems. Efficiency of the methods proposed is proved by good agreement with practically observed industrial processes along with properties of numerous synthetic and natural...

The upward trend in Earth's surface temperature observed is the most visible manifestation of ongoing climate change, especially since the second half of the eighty?s and especially in Slovakia since the early 1990s of 20th century. While the global average temperature of the ground-level atmosphere has risen by almost 1 ° C since the early 20th century, central Europe, including Slovakia, it has twice as fast warming (at least 2 °C) over the same period. For the purposes of designing and assessing cement-concrete...

Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions. It generates around 75% of global emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere and soil manure accounts for half of agricultural emissions. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health, as it is able to accumulate both as solid particles and as an integral part of acid cases. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions can be divided into three large groups: the first group is ammonia-reducing measures in animal housing, the second group is ammonia...

Recent studies has shown that road traffic pollute the environment not only by generating exhaust gas emissions but also by the suspensions produced from tyre wear. Due to their composition (natural rubber, synthetic rubber and other chemicals), vehicles tyres through the interaction with the driveway pollute the environment. This process can be accelerated in a negative manner by the appearance of some technical malfunctions of the steering system. Thus, by a quick and efficient diagnosis of the steering system e...

Reducing gas emissions which affects the Earth's climate system is an important goal of vehicle operation. In order to achieve this objective, the operation of motor vehicles and their component systems must be carried out under the most efficient conditions. The maximum efficiency can be achieved by knowing in detail the technical state of the vehicles, and depending on the diagnosis defects by performing maintenance activities in order to maintain the technical state at an appropriate level. The aim of this pape...

The article is devoted to study of the issues regarding legal regulation of climate protection in Ukraine. The national legislation in the field of climate protection is analyzed and directions of its further development are determined. It is established that the problem of climate protection is a complex and common one for all mankind, that requires effective and progressive response and necessitates the improvement of national legislation in this field. Such legal category as a climate emergency is considered as...

The reliability of surface air temperature (SAT) and 500 hPa geopotential height (H500) of the recent 20CR project data has been evaluated on daily, seasonal and longer timescales for western and eastern parts of Eurasia. The mean daily difference (between 20CR and observations) is up to 1°C in autumn-winter season and 2°C in the spring-summer season. For stations located in Western Eurasia the difference appears to be generically similar for selected stations in Eastern Eurasia region. The regional differences ar...

Ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are atmospheric pollutants with known associations for adverse effects on human health. In the stratosphere, ozone molecules play an important role by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and protecting the Earth from dangerous rays. But in the troposphere, close to ground level, ozone molecules are atmospheric pollutants, threatening human health and becoming greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. Unlike most air pollutants, tropospheric ozone is not emitted dire...

With the increasing levels of pollution, it is necessary to take actions aiming at reducing emissions of harmful substances to the environment. Unfortunately, increasing demand for new goods and energy does not contribute to the decrease of concentration of harmful substances in soil, water or air. Unexpected uncontrolled releases of chemicals caused by breakdowns in production plants are also a detrimental factor. Adding exhaust and nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles, the situation seems to be hard to contain...

This paperwork makes an analysis of the influence that the noises and the vibrations have on a biomechanical model on the human body at different frequencies. Besides the harmful influence on the hearing acuity, the noises have also a harmful effect on the organism through the appearance of some changes on the physiological balance. Driving the car generates noises and them being received by the driver is done consciously, with pathological implications long-term. The harmful effects of the noises are amplified by...

Urban air pollution is caused by a combination of different sources. Their contribution to the air quality must be evaluated based on quite reliable data collected by the optimal net of the monitoring points. Under these conditions, the data on special marker compounds are to be obtained. But the selection of marker compounds and optimal places for control points requires to justify the distribution pathways of the pollutants. Thus, it is necessary to study the mechanisms of the accumulation of marker compounds in...

The paper presents the results of the experiences organized on the tailings dump resulting from the surface mining of lignite in Rovinari, Gorj county, for testing the effects of a fertilizer assortment, such as: liquid fertilizers based on humates extracted from lignite, complex mineral fertilizer (N105 P105 K105 and N150 P150 K150), farmyard manure (20, 40 and 60 t/ha) and compost (20, 40 and 60 t/ha), as well as mixtures of the two types of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizer. Sunflowers have been used ...

In the article the main results of study in the field of weather and climate risks evalua-tion for the territory of the Belgorod oblast are summarized. The directions of these risks management at the regional level are determined. Against the backdrop of global climate change, the volatility of agricultural and meteor-ological conditions not only continues but also worsens. The observed increase in the frequency of occurrence of hazardous agro-meteorological phenomena in the region is determined by climatic change...

As a basic component of the environment, the air, vitally contributes to life maintenance and society development, through its physical and chemical properties. Thus, studying air quality, as the main factor for the living world?s progress, becomes a topical issue. Therefore, this paper proposes a detailed analysis of Botosani Town air quality. The analysis was obtained following a statistical processing of open-source data, for the year 2017, provided by the County Environmental Protection Agency and the National...

The production of particulate matter and harmful gases from different sources is a problem in the cities. An important role in air pollution is played by industry and road transport. Traffic volume continues to grow and road transport has the greatest impact on the atmosphere in the vicinity of the urban roads. Due to the dominant use of combustion engines, exhaust gases contain large amounts of gaseous pollutants as well as particulate matter. They particularly include a large amount of the finest PM fractions, w...

Last year (2017) was one of the three hottest years on record, with many high-impact events including catastrophic hurricanes and floods, debilitating heat waves and drought. Long-term indicators of climate change continue unabated and arctic sea ice coverage remained below average. Of the hottest years on record, 15 out of 17 have come since 2000. By contrast, more than a century has gone by since the planet had a record cold year (1911). At European level, based on the three different observational records of gl...

The paper is focused to characterize a limited assortment in the context of a set of drought sensitivity indices, grouping these indices according to the conditions they reflect (stress and / or normal) and the correlations between them. In our research, we aimed also comparing different sensitivity indicators proposed in order to identify the most appropriate index to characterize the behavior of varieties that we have studied in field experiments. The 13 varieties have been tested for 14 years between 2002 and 2...

The industrial revolution, dynamic economic growth and population growth in the world mainly affect to an increase in energy and material use. Ambitious premises of the climate and energy package in the European Union are justified from the point of view of protecting the environment against the growing emission of greenhouse gases. The EU countries, as the ones with high levels of economic development, have decided to realize a decarbonization policy to become leaders in this aspect on the world scale. Autor pres...

The atmospheric composition research was based on extensive computer simulations carried out with good resolution using up-to-date modelling tools and detailed and reliable input data. Extensive numerical simulations of the atmospheric composition fields in Bulgaria have been performed using the US EPA Model-3 system used as a modelling tool for 3D simulations. The extensive data base that was created from the simulations was used for different studies of the atmospheric composition. The air pollution pattern is f...

The paper states continuation of the research on energy consumption of O2/N2 separa-tion process using UBE NM-BO2A capillary polymer membrane, concerning especially its utilization in oxy-combustion processes. In the paper, experimental results of basic O2/N2 separation parameters are presented. Furthermore, their analysis is performed and their influence on operational parameters of the system is concluded. On the basis of experimental results and further computational investigation, the mem-brane system with gas...

This paper presents an analysis of air pollution in Galati, in terms of NO2 concentrations, using the results of concentration measurements from two types of stations of the national air pollution monitoring network, one urban-traffic and one urban-background. In order to determine the temporal evolution of pollution, the daily average hourly NO2 measurements for 2017, obtained from urban traffic and background monitoring stations, were analyzed. Hourly concentrations of NO2 in Galati (Romania) ranged from 2.38 ?g...

In the case of the production of many metal products, some processing technologies are associated with outdated methods of processing. These methods often require consumption of energy and water, sometimes they cause environmental pollution. Non-durable products generate waste. Often surface changes of materials, such as corrosion, may also generate emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The article describes the laser treatment, which is now a modern way to fulfil many technological operations. By t...

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found almost in all components of the environment, where they originate from the production of energy, waste combustion, road transport, metallurgical processes, etc. The most serious impact of PAHs is their carcinogenicity, the main cause of lung gastrointestinal tract cancer, and in the event of a skin contact, they may cause skin cancer. The paper presents the results of the 2002 and 2013 soil monitoring in urban areas. The samples were taken from the layer under the permane...

This article attempts to assess the impact of refrigerant plants used to cool the containers transported by sea on the environment. The process is based on studies carried out on one of the merchant ship capable of transporting both refrigeration and classic containers. The data necessary to perform the analysis come from reports on units damaged over two years. Subjects? CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions resulting from the consumption of energy used by the refrigeration equipment and its equivalent associated with t...

The snow cover is a climatic element, which exerts significant influence on the energy balance and the water circle of the Earth. The exact description of its characteristics is important in each meteorological, climate, hydrological and surface models and especially when assessing the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the threats which it poses. Snow accumulated in the mountain regions from early autumn to late spring is an important water resource, feeding lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater and hydro-electric ...

In recent years, much environmental research interest has been focused on atmospheric carbonaceous particles due to their influence on climate and adverse health effects. Nitrogen oxides are also important pollutants entering the atmosphere with anthropogenic emissions from industrial enterprises, power plants, and transport. Basically, they are emitted when the fossil fuels burn and interaction of nitrogen oxides and water leads to form nitrates. The application of the method of isotope-ratio mass spectrometry in...

The main objective of the paper is to conduct a research on the applicability of the Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual reality (VR) in disaster preparedness training for society resilience. In recent years, worldwide and in Bulgaria there has been an increase in the number and intensity of natural disasters. There is an increase in the adverse effects of disasters on people's lives, social relations, economic growth and sustainable development. Prevention and reduction of risk is required. It is necessary for soc...

This paper addresses an analysis on atmospheric pollution done by road vehicles. The substance emitted by vehicles that are present in the air, depending on their quantity and concentration, affects our health, generates discomfort and alters the environment. Global warming, or the greenhouse effect, since a certain period of time, is increasing from year to year. The recent increasing in registrations of vehicles which work on conventional fuels from the past few years (diesel oil, petrol) have led to a worrisome...

One of the most important issues of the global economy including the European one is the problem of environmental pollution from the by-products of industrial activity. The development of energy, metallurgy, electro-machine and other industries makes the environment more and more contaminated and degraded. This process covers virtually all spheres of the natural environment which are the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The contamination of the atmosphere is particularly dangerous because it adv...

The paper is focused on manifestations of chaotic behavior in the time series of pollution concentration. Deterministic chaos denotes a type of complex behavior of a deterministic dynamical system. The most important algorithms for data representation, prediction, phase space reconstruction, dimension, entropies, persistence and Lyapunov estimation are applicate here. At first we estimated the time delay and the embedding dimension, which is needed for the Lyapunov exponent estimation and for the phase space recon...