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The main purpose of studying detailed gravity data is to provide a better understanding of the geological layers and density of topographic masses. The gravity method is a relatively cheap and very efficient, especially by using airborne techniques. Measurements of gravity provide informati on about densities of the Earth subsurface. There is a wide range in density among rock types, and therefore geologists can make inferences about the distribution of mass density. In the case of gravity surveys by using airborn...

PIC has been started to be used widely in the field of industry and industrial electronics. To the effect that, in place of highly complex systems such as relay contractor, timer, etc, can be controlled by this microcontroller which consists of all. Within the context of this design, broad information is given on pneumatic component which has a major place on automation industry and PIC. In this presentation, information is given on Pneumatic carrier system and components. In addition to this, step motors, their s...

In 2010, in Romania, was made measurements of declination, inclination and total magnetic field. First of all we analyzed differences between the data measured by us and IGRF 11 (International Geomagnetic Reference Field 11). After the general view of vertical geomagne tic field anomaly in Romania resulted from measurement in 2010 with the comparison of the IGRF 11, in the end we show a study in the Bacau area (about 600 km2).

Territory of the Republic of Macedonia, as a part of Balkan region is characterized with a high seismic activity. Current seismic activity indicates that the tectonic processes are very intensive. Epicenters are not equally distributed in the region and are grouped in three different zones: 1) Drim zone, 2) Vardar and 3) Struma zone. First zone is situated on the west, on the Albania border, i.e. with profound fault in the border section of the Western Macedonian zone with the Merdita zone in Albania, known as Dri...

Nondestructive techniques by using electromagnetic waves in many disciplines such as agriculture, engineering geology, material sciences and so on are very important regarding predictions. As it is well-known, material properties can be determined by using electromagnetic waves. The scattering of electromagnetic waves due to physical and geometrical discontinuity is creating surface waves which are still dominant in prediction of material properties. A dielectric sheet on the ground plane will act as a guiding str...

Contribution work out of the problem for rocks disintegration process operation by rotary drilling, where objective function is to minimize specific energy of the rocks disintegration. Proposed operational algorith m is based on continuous evaluating of associated vibrations, on grounds of current di sintegrated rock is classified to relevant class from classes, which are defined in a dvance. For each of classes are expertness specify parameters for effective drilling. Indi vidual rocks are inte rpreted by associa...

Kosovo has a very interesting nature and geology, which lies between the old range- mountains of Rhodopes and new ranges of Dinarides. Peja region belongs to the western part of Kosovo, covers an area of 1 831 km2 or 16.8% of the territory of R. Kosova. In geological construction of Peja region take part these lithological formations, ranging from Precambrian until the Quaternary. Taking into account the economic development of the region of Peja in general and requirements arising from this development, we can sa...

This paper shows the correlation among Moho discontinuity and geophysical parameters of the Earth's crust: Bouguers anomaly, relief height and velocity of neotectonic uplifting. The research is using data from the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. According the neotectonic regiona lization, the territory is modeled into three zones. Analyses of the correlation dependence of Moho discontinuity and geophysical parameters showed that th e Western Macedonian zone is the most homogenous, and the Eastern Macedonia...

This paper presents research of the geophysical fields and characteristics of the Republic of Macedonia. Territory of the Re public of Macedonia consists of lithological formations of different age and composition, which present complex tectonic structure. The dynamics of this area through the geolog ical evolution, i.e. permanent present pressures from vertical and horizontal dire ction with multiple recovery and different intensity, affected today's structure units to present relicts from different segments of t...

This paper presents the possibilities of the geophysical methods for determination of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rocks. Geophysical investigations are measurements of the physical parameters (re sistivity, spreading velocity of seismic waves, density, magnetism, water permeability etc.) in order to understand the structure and lithological features of the rock masses. Refraction and reflective seismic investigations are based on determination of the seismic wave velocity. There is direct co...

Western Anatolia in Turkey is one of the areas in which the earth`s continental crust has been rapidly deformed. The dominant system is a graben system in western part of the Anatolia. There are various suggestions about the type of the deformation, the amount of extension and the formation of grabens. The regional tectonic structures of western Anatolia is characterized by strike-slip and normal fault zones. Tuzla fault zone, in Izmir in Western Anatolia, is one of the most important of them. The seismic activity...

Creep damage of pressure equipment invol ves a great variety of high temperature components ranging from superheaters, bo iler drums, furnaces, reactors, etc. Consequences of failures of these components are of high economic and safety concern. Moreover, the probability of failure of high temperature components is now increasing due to frequent cyclic of power plants im posed by a deregulated market and the search for increasing temperatures in ultra supercritical plants. A housing from high-pressure steam turbine...

This paper presents the investigations related to Moho - disc ontinuity on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. Conducted inves tigations using deep seismic sounding are base for correlation analysis of the dependen ce of the depth of the Moho - discontinuity with some physical parameters. The paper shows the map of the Moho - discontinuity of the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. The depth varies from 48 km on the west, 30 km in the Vardar zone and 45 km to the east to the border with Bulgaria. Topog...

The importance of understanding seismic waves and measurement waves has gravitated form the seismic prediction to training electromagnetic propagation. Seismic electromagnetic waves may be useful in shor t-term earthquake prediction. It was found our observation system is influenced by lightni ng as far away as about hundreds km in the VLF and LF range. It is found that the increase in the number of LF and VLF electromagnetic pulses before earthquakes were generated by lightning. Some researches show that there is...

The paper presents the survey results of the normal geomagnetic field in the Republic of Macedonia. Net of 15 repeat stations was created for defining the elements of the normal geomagnetic field, according to the area of the Republic of Macedonia. Selection of every repeat station was made by the standards of INTERMAGNET. Intensity of the total field vector, declination and inclination are observed during the surveying of the geomagnetic field. Maps of the geomagnetic field elements were developed using the metho...

Magnetotelluric (MT) and Manetometry data physically provide the signatures of the apparent resistivities for various geological formations or simply various rocks and materials. In this study th e interpretation guide us to useful information about Damavand volcano’s geological characterizations. Recognition of the fault paths, zones and the trend of them in the region also would lead us to a 3D image of the location of the magma chamber which in turn would be the direct result of the current project. The resul...

It is shown by experience that direct double integration of strong motion data with the aim of generating earthquake displacement records usually leads to unrealistic values of residual displacements even for earthquake s with moderate magnitudes or at far epicentral distances. The appearance of veloc ity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of acceleration are responsible for these drifts. Therefore, in order to calculate real displacements, baseline correction seems consequential. Thi...

In conductive heat transfer mechanism daily (diurnal) temperature variations almost damp in a layer as deep as 1 m, and annual variation do it as deep as 18-21 m. In case of coincidence of periodic heating with flui d mass transfer (downward percolation of surface water from rivers), thickness of the layer with periodic temperature fluctuations increases significantly. This discovery with author`s priority registered August,19, 1964, was made by N.M. Frolov. We consider the research on temperature waves created in...

The importance of understanding seismic waves and measurement waves has gravitated form the seismic prediction to training electromagnetic propagation. Seismic electromagnetic waves may be useful in shor t-term earthquake prediction. It was found our observation system is influenced by lightni ng as far away as about hundreds km in the VLF and LF range. It is found that the increase in the number of LF and VLF electromagnetic pulses before earthquakes were generated by lightning. Some researches show that there is...

It is aimed here to perform electrical resistivity measurements to define ground differentiation especially for 10-20 meters depth. This research purposed to evaluate the groundwater condition around Selcuk Univers ity, Law Faculty building groups in Alaaddin Keykubat campus. After the electrical resistivity tests, ground resistivity graphics were drawn for further researches on buildings’ structural analyses. The results supplied several cross-sectional 2-D resistivity graphics which were used to understand the...

The paper presents research of the structure of the geomagnetic field in correlation with the neotectonic regionalization. The territo ry of the Republic of Macedonia, according to the neotectonic processes, is divided in three zones: Western - Macedonian zone which include Alpine orogeny and Pelagonian massif, Vardar zone and Eastern - Macedonian zone which is part of the old Paleozioc rock mass on the Balkan Peninsula. Anomalous geomagnetic field on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia is presented with re...

Although the buildings of the Universidad de Concepcion (UdeC) stood up well structurally to the effects of the 8.8 magnitude earthquake on 27 February 2010 in Concepcion, Chile, diverse damage was generated in their non-structural elements. Due to the large number of university buildings (over 100 on the Concepcion Campus alone) and the need to start classes on 5 April, numerous simultaneous repair projects were generated. These were done within the national post-earthquake context, UdeC culture and timing. The o...

In this study , Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves Method (MASW), Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method, resistiv ity tomography and microgravity, together with the were used in Izmir - Turkey. By using these data, soil layer thickness, surface layer of the structural distribution of lateral, vertical direction, and the depth of bedrock were interpretated.

The surveyed area is located at the north of the Chamchamal city, Kurdistan region in the north of Iraq. Through this survey, the area has received its first potential geophysical prospective by gravity and magnetic methods. The geophysical survey based on 401 gravity and magnetic points. Th ese points distributed over eight profiles (four profiles for each method),along strike and dip directions. The gravity data has been corrected for several corrections to find out the Bouguer anomaly and the magnetic data is c...

The main two sources that contribute to the surface heat flow density value are (1) heat production within the crust due to decay of unstable isotopes of Uranium 238 (U), Thorium 232 (Th), Potassium 40 (K), and (2) heat flow density from the mantle. Heat production can be calculated using the regional radioactive U, Th and K values. In this study radiogenic heat production values were estimated from U238, Th232 and K40 concentrations from Marmara Region. The crustal temperature distribution has been modelled by th...

S 7 300 is the most widely used series in PLC Industry. Using this PLC, the control of 1024 input /output may be done. In addition to this, using PLC system design is also possible. By peak output programming, comp lex factory projects and management can be fulfilled. Using PID control system whic h is one of the PLC controlling systems will be used to control AC motor speed. At the same time, the motor reactions will be tested by panel programming by changing PID values on computer screen. The purposes of the aut...

The paper deals with measuring the magnetism of the metabolic products of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria that come from acid mine water accompanying mining and processing of mineral resources. The aim of the paper is to characterize the precipitates produced by the bacteria by m eans of magnetic quantities using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), which helps to identify th e magnetization of substances in dependence on the external magnetic field. The results are rela ted to the metabolic activity and...