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There are lots of institutions active in Turkey to carry out institutional services in urban areas each of which have different purposes and work rules. Each of these institutions was founded to have different functions according to their own special institutional regulations and rules. Every institution in cities works just by collecting its required information and only in the area of its responsibility. There are big negations in satisfying the requirements of its related institution as well as difficulties are...

In this survey, analysis of statistical results of water resource has been conducted in "Bastam" study area in Semnan province. This water resource includes well, spring, kanat, divergence stream from river, dike, diversion dam and pumping station. This statistical result was conducted according to the standard forms of power ministry of Iran in the desert and the recorded information is prepared into a database, on basis of 1:50000 maps in GIS environment for spatial and descriptive analysis. In addition, by surv...

Climate is result of effects of aero-logy phenomenal and view intermediate atmosphere in ideal area. Climate have wide meanings and cover aero-logy parameters like physical, chemical and may be biological factors and it could expressed that nowadays lot’s of different ways have been based for characterizing climate. In this research by employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and also Du marten \& selyaninov climatology methods, microzonation of Halvan study area, which has located in central basin of Iran...

Slovak republic committed to implement into legislative direction of European parliament and European Council 2006/21/ES from March of 15th of 2006. The direction contains conditions about disposal with wastes of mining industry, which changes and adds direction 2004/35/ES. This legislative required creation of complex evaluation methodology of different types of mining wastes. Tailing pond represents area for permanently or temporary deposition of mainly hydraulically consigned mud/sediment (waste). Consigned mud...

The paper deals with specific issues concerning the introduction of cadastre development in Romania in terms of market economy and integration in the European community. The paper addresses the historical stages of different land works, the present situation and future courses of action. Achieving accuracy in conditions of adequate infrastructure in Romania is influenced by specialized methods and apparatuses used in making observations, their processing and implementation of related documentation.

In this study, analysis and visualization of map projection distortions have been discussed. For the realization of the distortion analysis in practice, an auxiliary program was developed by MATLAB program, to calculate the amount of distortion. At the stage of the calculation of distortion the world map projections have been focused on and equations of these projections have been used. The points of interest were chosen as the intersection points of the geographic network of the original surface. 5ox5o geographic...

Ecological awareness today is necessary in the last decade, the nature is degraded as a result of over-using resource for completely the fulfillment. Macedonia is aspiring to become an EU member state and in this aspect environment requirements have to fulfilled. The ratification of international environmental conventions and their incorporation in Macedonian legislation will help to have better place to live. In this pare work ecological awareness is analyze in the Environment Laws, an another point of view, how ...

The authors while examining the real estate market for estimating the market value of real estate have defined the areas directly affecting the state of the ecosystem. Using a very simple and inexpensive test, they identified anomalies at the fiscal level of state and estimated negative effects of legislation on the ecosystem. The main research tool was a comparative approach in estimating the value of the property.

Edirne, which is one of the bigest city in western Turkey (Figure 1), has been damaged by floods and flashfloods with an increasing frequency and intensity over the years. This study was prepared as a preliminary investigation and aimed to research the floods and flooding in Edirne city (Turkey). For creating the topographic database in Geographic Information System (GIS), 1/25000 and 1/250000 scale topographic maps and satellite images was used. Subbasins areas of Meric River and flood area in Edirne city center ...

Research was conducted into application of genetic algorithm to determine the optimal transformation parameters that are needed for georeferencing scanograms and various digital images. An algorithm based on techique of surface matching was developed, instead of conventional methods using control points. Tests were conducted using the segment of topographic map, produced in time of Austro-Hungarian Empire (represented by numerical model) and modern DEM of Sarajevo Canton. Due to relatively coarse resolution of use...

The general trend of GIS development seems to indicate that it will continue to become easier to use, more intuitive, more analytic, more embedded within a variety of technologies. The latest development in GIS application added an extra dimension to a conventional GIS by using technology of multimedia and virtual reality. The interactive form of decision making taps the widely recognized trend of GIS application from an operational support system to a strategic decision support system.

OMV Petrom S.A. is the largest integrated oil and gas company in Romania, having Exploration and Production activities (onshore and offshore) in Romania as well as in Kazakhstan and Russia. In 2004 Petrom S.A. became part of the OMV Group, the largest oil and gas producer in Central - Eastern Europe. To find, develop and operate new production, an oil and gas company must understand needed infrastructure, business conditions and environmental factors within a given geographic framework. The OMV Petrom GIS group’...

Mozambique is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural catastrophes in the world with second highest annual per capita death rate from disasters, 328 deaths per million, ranking only below the P.D.R of Korea; Flood disasters are responsible for half the fatalities and a third of the economical losses from natural disasters worldwide (UNDP, 2004). The Limpopo basin, one of the nine international rivers shared by Mozambique is the second large within the country and it benefits about 5\% of the national popul...

For the purpose of defining location of points, coordinates that described according to a reference systems are using which parameters has defined already. In surveying, the base element is ground control points with their known coordinates in a reference system. In every kind of surveying project, new coordinates are determining by using coordinates of ground control points. Because of this, the projects realized by using points which have low spatial accuracy and ground control point’s location errors will be ...

Waste management is common problem for many countries in world and landfill site selection is a necessary issue for waste management in fast-growing regions. Likewise, appropriate landfill site selection should be performed for each municipality in Turkey because municipal solid wastes are major problem for especially drinking water basins. The main objective of this study is to selection of a landfill site in the Yalva\cc Basin. The basin is located at east of the Egirdir Lake which is the second largest fresh wa...

The public-private partnerships are a very common form, which is used to realize the various types of public projects in case the public sector does not have enough financial means or knowledge to realize such projects without the presence of private sector. The proper legislative background is required to apply these long-term contractual relationships between public and private partner. In Slovak Republic the situation is moving forward together with first extensive PPP projects, which were realized in Slovakia ...

In Turkey, approximately 3840 ton/day marble waste originated from several marble producers. But only 20\% of this amount is evaluated in different usage areas. Therefore, waste site selection is an important issue to minimize negative effects of marble wastes in environment. The main aim of this study is to perform site selection process using Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The Bucak District was selected for study area since there are many marble quarries through...

Recognition of urban rusty textures due to degradation of urban and environmental general appearance, and also the necessity of planning for their destruction or reform due to their low resistance against natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, etc., are important. The first step for recognition of these textures as spatial objects is to provide mapping the extents of old textures and to evaluate their surface areas, followed by computation and evaluation of their destruction or reform costs. Modern scientifi...

Addresses constitute a very important part in the infrastructure of the society. They are exploited not only in everyday life but also in an infinite number of activities. In civil service are addresses linked to civil engineering, cadastre, administration, risk and health management etc. In business an address serves as a primary navigation tool for marketing, insurance, banking, telecommunications, tourism, logistic and others. Citizens encounter the addresses for understanding of the spatial context, through ca...

The growing concern for the preservation of heritage in face of natural hazards led to the appearance of the Regional Framework Operation (OQR) NOE - Heritage and Prevention of Natural Hazards under the Community Initiative INTERREG III C. The OQR NOE, led by the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA, France) region, together with the Northern Portuguese regional coordination agency (CCDR-N), Molise and Sicily regions (Italy) and eastern region of Attica (Greece) aimed at developing preventive measures to safeguard t...

As a foundation material, gypsum differs from other rocks in that voids may be found at almost any depth within the rock mass. Collapse structures in gypsum terrains are the most serious geological hazards because they can damage engineering structures, settlement areas, natural lakes, and allow infiltration of contaminant into the groundwater. Collapse and subsidence may occur in the course of time or suddenly and catastrophically. Presentation of engineering geological data in the form of a hazard map is a usefu...

Nature 2000 is a protected-areas network implemented in Europe as a result of this community concerns about use of biodiversity and the quality of the environment. Every EU state member had to designate Nature 2000 sites in order to preserve the habitats and species listed in Habitats and Birds Directives. Romania faced this challenge by completing this process in a very short period, based on the literature and field observations gathered by scientists and other stakeholders in the field of biodiversity. For Cali...

The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.

The research area is located in Calimani National Park, Eastern Carpathians, northern Romania. About 2\% of the park surface was seriously affected by the sulfur exploitation during 1977-1993. More than 300 ha of vegetation were destroyed revealing the rock surface, which was then excavated and deposited in four heaps close to the excavation. The main goal of this research was to map the favorability areas for natural recovery of the vegetation and the probability for plants to spread on barren substrates. The stu...

The nature does not respect administrative boundaries. However, the protected areas are very often located on the state boundaries and in many cases neighbour just on the boundary. Also establishment of Natura 2000 Network as the "Habitats" and "Birds" Directives invoked the need for interoperable, accessible and harmonised datasets in the European Union. The need to have information on nature conservation geo-referenced and available at the EU level increases in recent years due to a trend by European park author...

Recent renewable energy sources utilization in the Slovak republic represents only 2.6 \% from the total primary energy sources consumption. 27\% of the Slovakian technically utilizable renewable energy sources potential is used, so there still remain enormous unused potential, which comprise 115 775 TJ per year. Technically utilizable Slovakian renewable sources potential is estimated, based on the existed analysis, at 112 636 TJ per year (or 136 421 TJ per year, if we consider hydroelectric power plants with the...

The growth of tourism has prompted debate about environmental consequences and desirability of further development. The effects of mass tourism and increasing awareness of the human impact on the environment led more environmentally sensitive forms of tourism such as ecotourism and wildlife-based tourism. With this increasing awareness environmental concerns are explicitly included in sectoral policies and programmes concerning many areas including tourism, urban and rural development. One of the recent examples o...

The separated waste collection is one of the most important parts of the integrated waste management system of municipal wastes. Within the waste management logistics, the attention is concentrated on collection and transport of separated waste deriving from municipal wastes and also on proposing methods of data necessary for collection and transport optimalization. At the proposal of the general usage systematic techniques for valuating transport efficiency of separated wastes, only actual and verified data were ...

The paper aims to point out the utilization of needed geofactors in land-use planning, which represent important limiting conditions for future activities in interest areas, especially in terms of construction of future structures. Through the departments of land-use planning or building offices, a developer or investor should be informed about significant limiting natural factors, which may affect the implementation of the future constructional work as well as the choice of the building lot. Those conditions natu...

Romania’s joining the European Union implies its convergence with the economic European Space, both at a nominal and at a real space. The IMPACT programme stimulates the development of living research development projects and innovation through which directions of the Lisbon strategy of the European Union may contribute to improve the process of convergence and reduce regional disparities by absorbing structural funds devoted to research, technological development and innovation. The Valahia University of Targov...

The paper applies the transport costs calculation technique as a decision making support tool of municipal solid waste management and logistics in a case study of the city of KoС™ice, Slovakia.

Regional development problems constitutes in present days, one of the major issues of European Union activity. As consequence, a country which strives to the European Union member statue must integrate in the spirit of European realities, showing an outstanding interest to prepare its ground in the spirit of Union’s requirements for her member’s countries, developing a coherent and active regional policy. Therefore the work follows to identify the main action directions of European Union regarding the regional...

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

The paper presents the present state in Romania of the environment from the point of view of the air quality and of the water quality. The policy of the European Union regarding the environment as it is reflected in the Treaty of the European Community focuses on a durable development by including the environment protection in the communitarian district policies In order to fulfill these objective high quality standards for the environment should be imposed. There should also be observed some principles such as вЂ...

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

The current, accurate and complete geoinformation takes important place in the risk assessment and management. Different risks – natural, technological, terroristic and the extent of their importance are analyzed in the paper. The geoinformation sources and geoinformation users, collecting, training, maintenance and data integrating for risk places are shown. The main stages in the risks management and possible strategies for risk assessment and management using GIS are discussed.

The concept of labour occupation has know different approaches, developments, completions, contradictory opinions, pointing out a high degree of complexity. To begin with, occupation is a means, labour being a fundamental factor of any development. Then, a lasting development cannot be acquired through waste. In the third way, lasting development is undoubtedly connected to the amount of the income. Finally, environment protection is a field necessary to any economy; as economic development bears fruit, jobs conne...