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The abandoned mining area Smoln\'\ik in Slovakia belongs to the old environmental loads because of acid mine drainage (AMD) production. Massive pyrite oxidation and free sulphuric acid production are the major reason of water acidification (pH about 2-4) and dissolving of heavy metals from metallic ores. This acid mine drainage (AMD) contents high metal concentrations that variable in dependence on rainfall intensity (e.g. Fe 500- 400 mg/l; Cu 3-1 mg/l; Zn 13-8 mg/l and Al 110-70 mg/l) and it can be transferred in...

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), resulted from the oxidation of sulphide-bearing rocks, is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. AMD impacts stream and river ecosystems by increasing acidity, depleting oxygen, and releasing heavy metals. They may occur during mining operations or long after a mine has been abandoned. Smoln\'\ik is an abandoned mine in the east of Slovakia that contribute AMD to rivers and streams. AMD from the Smoln\'\ik mine (shaft Pech), influences n...