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Eleven stations of the Bulgarian seismological network - National Operating Telemetry System for Seismological Information have been used for an assessment of the stations' corrections (site effect), to account for the impact on the seismic waves of the low-density layer immediately below the seismic stations, amplifying the signal. Nakamura's method for calculating the ratio of the spectrum of the horizontal component to the spectrum of the vertical component (H-to-V) is applied. Data from 20 local and regional e...

The use of electrical equipment in potentially explosive atmospheres requires special attention, namely from the point of view of their construction and maintenance. Together with the technological developments, these objectives can easily be met, objectives which are defined by European standards concerning the construction, use and maintenance of explosive proof equipment. Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosi...

The presented article deals with a comparison of the structural and technical condition of sewerage systems operated by water companies and owners of water management infrastructures in the Czech Republic. The owners and operators of the sewerage systems in the Czech Republic include some municipalities with less than 2,000 PE who operate the sewerage themselves (the so-called "self-operators"). The Water Supply and Sewerage Act No. 274/2001 Sb. specifies an obligation for the operators to generate reserve funds f...

The climate change, recently commonly referred to global or anthropogenic warming, is extremely important areas of research in recent years. Measurements show that the Earth's mean temperature and mean sea level are rising, mainly due to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Other important factors of climate change are stratospheric sulfur aerosols, whose ability to reflect solar radiation back to the space may cause cooling effec...

Although intensification of agricultural practices is traditionally viewed as one of the quickest way of achieving food independence, the increasing demand for energy and unsustainable development of agriculture are detrimental to natural habitats and decrease biological diversity. Organic farming offers a viable alternative and has the potential to facilitate the gradual expansion of environmentally friendly technologies. By carrying out the analysis of statistical data on the value of organic production obtained...

The determination and modelling of the territory is common scientific instrument for presentation of the state of the nature and human systems. The present research is based on the morphological and hydrological peculiarities in the river catchment. It observed of the Danube coastal zone in Bulgaria sector of the river. The differentiation and determination of the coastal area is key element in the process of the management of the territory and development of the regions. The general results of the research are re...

The article is devoted to the discussion of the possibilities of determining turbulent zones for predicting the dispersion of anthropogenic impurities in the lower air layer of the atmosphere. As you know, the atmosphere, being a dissipative system dissipating energy, is almost constantly in a state of instability. This unstable state of the atmosphere is based on deterministic chaos, which is a very important feature of the atmosphere as a dynamic, changeable environment. During the transition from the state of s...

Doubtless, the application of UAV is a new iteration of remote sensing technologies applied for obtaining information about the object of investigation. An opportunity of fast data acquisition for a large area of research provides to reduce the costs and expand the scope of application. One cannot deny that this approach is actual for geophysical methods of investigation, for aeromagnetic exploration particularly [[1]]. One should note here that process of adaptation of magnetometer sensors for UAV gets a new requ...

The only one natural gas storage in Bulgaria - Underground Gas Storage Chiren requires modernization and development. A set of activities have been planned and implemented, covering research, technological and production activities. An overriding task and a top priority are to increase capacities - in volume and productivity of the storage. The aim of the research is to determine the necessary modern set of knowledge that will draw the attention of stakeholders to the possibility of modernization and increase the ...

Today the concept of e-commerce has become commonly used, and e-commerce has become an integral part of commercial transactions. An increase in the number of global Internet users is the driver of increase in the number of e-commerce transactions. The introduction and role of e-commerce is not well-understood by any manager of a small and medium enterprise. It takes time and money to introduce e-commerce in business, especially in retailing. Enterprise managers need a clear e-commerce introduction strategy to see ...

Proposed within the framework of the conducted study were options for producing the titanium trichloride, a precursor for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to produce dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Optimal concentrations of the initial titanium tetrachloride solution were identified, which have a major effect on the reduction process and the stability of resulting titanium trichloride solutions. Possible synthesis and destruction mechanisms of the titanium trichloride under the influence of vario...

In absence of core samples and open-hole well-log data, the broken bits of rock removed from the borehole during the drilling process represent in many cases the only lithological data that is recovered from a well. The main objective of this study was to build up a lithological profile and to use the data in order to improve the knowledge about the local geology (Quaternary deposits). Lithological information at shallow depth is generally used to better understand the local site effects, known to play an importan...

A comprehensive study of composites using traditional methods of testing mechanical properties in combination with methods of digital optical and scanning atomic force microscopy made it possible to establish stable correlations between the content of chromium diboride CrB2 additive with an average grain size WC, microstructure parameters, hardness, fracture toughness, ultimate strength at bending and compression. The optimal ratios of the components of the WC–Co-CrB2 system have been established, at which a finel...

The article considers the problem of predictive estimation of deformation processes of geotechnical control objects. It is noted that the main task of geotechnical monitoring is the rapid identification and geodynamic forecasting of geological processes that may affect the safe state of life-supporting and man-made objects, in order to timely develop and take measures to prevent and eliminate emergency situations. One of the most effective ways to timely predict the beginning and activation of deformation processe...

Records of the magnetometers responding to the effects of big earthquakes were noticed more than a hundred years ago. Even then began to dispute what caused these effects: mechanical vibrations of instruments or electric or magnetic oscillations generated by the earthquakes. In Panagjurishte (PAG) observatory we have great opportunity to shed light on this issue because we have four important instruments installed on the site - three different types of magnetometers and one seismometer. Three large earthquakes wit...

Global seismic risk and vulnerability to earthquakes are increasing steadily as urbanization and development occupy more areas that a prone to effects of strong earthquakes. The assessment of seismic hazard and generation of earthquake scenarios is the first link in the prevention chain and the first step in the evaluation of the seismic risk. The territory of Bulgaria represents a typical example of high seismic risk area in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Over the centuries, Bulgaria has experienced st...

Ecoethics and its various forms are an important phenomenon today. The bad ecological situation and the threat of the ecological collapse of the planet have been the subject of reflection by many theorists. These include multidisciplinary scientists, philosophers and ethicists. In our paper, we focus on the parallel presentation of different approaches by theorists from different industries. We present the biologization of economics, Heidegger's reflection of man's predatory relationship to the present, Ehrlich's ...

In Eastern Europe, Batumi is one of the dynamically increasing touristic center, development of recreational economy where creates some particular ecological issues. The urgency of the matter is also increased by the fact that ecological condition of recreational zone of city sea coast is developed with worsening tendency due to increased touristic flow and anthropogenic load. The main aim of research is to study the mechanism worsening the ecological condition of sea coast`s recreational zone, find out the geogra...

Zaporizhzhia oblast is located in the steppe zone of Ukraine with a characteristic flat landscape dominated by chernozem soils (70% of the area), 10% of the area – chestnut and dark chestnut soils (south and southwest), which are characterized by some salinity, especially in the coastal part. This area is characterized by significant diversity of soil conditions. Excessive plowing of the territory (about 85%) worsens the ecological conditions and opportunities for self-regulation of the agro-landscape, reduces the...

The article actualizes environmental issues, which are significantly influenced by the process of informatization of man and society, which unfolds not only as an increase and accumulation of information, but as a search for new ways to organize activities and determine the means of its implementation. It is determined that the construction of innovative models of creation of philosophical and ecological knowledge is not properly reflected in the global information network. To develop new information and humanitar...

Soil and groundwater resources are natural resources of high ecological value, their protection against chemical degradation and pollution being of major interest and requesting a new methodology based on risk instruments. The need to implement methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of ecotoxicological risk resides in objective assessment of effects pollutants have on ecosystems, to limit the transfer of xenobiotics to lower and upper levels of the food chain. In this sense, the team of the Environmen...

The main goal of research was to assess whether the growing of intermediate crops prone to frost kill could contribute to increase the capacity of arable land for the retention of N-substances. In 2018, a field experiment was established, in which the following intermediate crops were grown in the period between the main crops (wheat - corn): (i) Trifolium vesiculosum Savi., (ii) Trifolium pannonicum Jacq., (iii) Trifolium subterraneum L., and a control variant with no inter crop. The intermediate crops were sown ...

The current investigation is focused on the preparation and characterization of cerium and manganese oxides by two different but easy to implement procedures and their application as catalysts for ethyl acetate total oxidation, as one of the most difficult to completely oxidize VOC pollutant. The elucidation of the relation between the preparation procedure used and the structure, texture, morphology, surface and catalytic properties of the obtained materials was the main challenge in the study. For the purpose, t...

To better investigate the effect of additives on the hydrate phase behavior and to enrich the hydrate phase equilibrium data in the presence of metal compounds. Hydrate experiments were carried out in the existence of a pure quartz porous medium impregnated with a metallic powder made of 200 g FeSi3, Inconel 718 and CuSn12 alloy, respectively. Results were obtained the entire process of methane and carbon dioxide hydrate formation and decomposition in all cases. In this 949 cm3 lab-scale reactor, metallic powders ...

A high level of professionally determined morbidity conditiones the need to identify marker indicators of health status, immune adaptation mechanisms and markers of sensitization under conditions of exposure to harmful production factors. We examined 70 employees of the sylvinite processing plant, workers in unfavorable conditions of chemical exposure to dust of potassium chloride, saturated hydrocarbons (hexane), formaldehyde. The comparison group consisted of employees of the administrative apparatus. The formal...

The key indicators that have an impact on the success of any organization are employees. When employees have a good relationship with the employer and work together, the tendency is to complete their jobs and tasks faster. Referring to this, this research aims to analyze the components of the employee relationship management (ERM) model and their impact on employee performance. To achieve the objective of the study and to answer the research question, the quantitative method was used, where the population of this ...

Based on the analysis of literary and cartographic material, zonal-landscape characteristics of the development of a producing economy and the emergence of the first environmental challenges in the territory of Russia are assessed. The first environmental problems were caused by a change in the climatic conditions of the life of the earliest settlers and by the peculiarities of the emergence and development of their producing economy. The emergence of the first centers of producing economy in the territory of Russ...

For sustainable development of urban territories there is required a comprehensive analysis of a variety of both favorable and unfavorable factors. It is necessary to take into account not only economic and geographical position of the city in the settlement system, the place in the country's economy for planning and building cities, carrying out reconstruction in urban areas, but also natural conditions and environmental factors limiting the development of urban territory. The first group of environmental constra...

The main objective of the Natura 2000 network set up at European Union level is to improve or restore the conservation status of species and habitats of Community interest, taking into account the economic, social and cultural characteristics of each Member State. The selection of the study area was determined by the anthropogenic and natural pressures exerted on the protected natural area ROSCI0434 Siretul Mijlociu, one of eleven Natura 2000 sites have been declared along the Siret River, Romania and the need to ...

Russia is at the beginning of the development of a green economy in comparison with industrialized countries. The country is forming the core of environmentally responsible business, which has practice in the production of environmentally friendly products, their certification and competent marketing. Environmentalists note that chemical pollution of the environment has a significant and growing impact on the quality of human life today. First of all are the air, the water and the soil. The overriding goal of mode...

The monitoring of the quality of the environment is a key factor for assessment of the sustainable development of the regions and the living conditions in them. The aim of research was to examine changes in the quality of the environment at the regional level by applying of a complex index, called the Regional Environmental Index (REnvI). The index was calculated based on selected indicators, such as Delivered waste for preliminary treatment, Delivered waste for recycling operations, Share of population served by ...

Main drivers of the industrial growth in the modern society include energy efficiency, compliance with national legislation and international agreements, social and environmental responsibility. Integration of these factors should be applied to the long-term development plans as the framework of sustainable development, environmental and resource efficiency. Currently, more and more countries are moving towards Best Available Techniques (BAT). Russia developed 51 Reference Document on BAT (BREF) for main industria...

The purpose of this study consists in the evaluation of completeness magnitude (Mc), b value spatial variation and seismic energy release in Vrancea crustal seismogenic area, during the period between 1990 and 2021. This parameters are essential for a correct interpretation of seismicity analysis. For the analyses, we have selected from the Romplus seismic catalog (www.infp.ro) the crustal events with depth 0<h<52 Km, and magnitudes 0.1 <Mw <5.4,recorded from 01 January 1990 to 01 March 2021, in the area bordered ...

Recent years, running of multistage hydraulic fracturing operations are wide-spread in horizontal wells and in mid-term fracing will become main influence method on pay zones in Russia. Against this background, question of evaluation and optimization of multiple frac operations is already open. In spite of the significant number of publications addressed the theme of fracture stages evaluation, there is still very much uncertainties in optimization of stages of hydraulic fracturing. Generally most of hydraulic fra...

The presented work highlights the general geochemical aspects and considers the theoretical basis of the method of geochemical monitoring of oil fields using the indicator of the quantitative ratio of organic compounds and their isomers - isobutane/butane. The object of the study are the microorganisms that can affect gas composition. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of microorganisms on the biodegradation of oil. The peculiarity of the oil composition will be used to search, delineate bypassed oil a...

For the first time in geographical science, the article considers the problem of substantiating the principle of a systematic approach to historical and geoecological periodization, taking into account event processes occurring in regional systems of nature management. In the scientific circulation of historical geoecology, the author introduces the concept of "event" - as a historical-geographical category, which is associated with the specific need to operate with a huge amount of information when carrying out r...

Lean manufacturing is an innovative approach to business process management that allows organizations to increase their competitiveness by producing goods or providing services in the shortest possible time and at the lowest cost with the quality required by the consumer. In the paper, the authors provide an analysis of foreign and Russian requirements in the field of lean manufacturing. The authors studied the experience of implementing the lean production methodology in a dairy production company, identified fac...

The most common method of wastewater treatment employs biological treatment. This publication focuses on aerobic biological wastewater treatment. There are two basic events - nitrification and denitrification, which most often take place in one or more activation reactors. These processes decompose organic matter in wastewater. All processes mainly take place thanks to the presence of micro-organisms, which are undoubtedly susceptible to a number of external influences. The paper describes, for example, the effect...

Sheep farming is one of the agricultural industries that makes a significant contribution to the economies of many countries around the world. The scientific literature gives various perspectives on the importance of sheep farming, as this industry plays a very important role in providing income, nutrition and paid employment for rural households, and it also supplies a diverse range of products and contributes to employment in rural areas. Sheep farming is an environmentally friendly industry because it consumes ...

Estimation of the Remaining Oil Saturation (ROS, the fraction of pore volume occupied by oil at a given location and time) in a reservoir is one of the key processes in oil field monitoring and exploitation. Because of the various geological, structural, and chemical heterogeneities that exist within the formations composing an oil field, the evolution of ROS as the reservoir gets drained will be heterogeneous as well. Such discrepancies can occur at different scales, from the microscopic (pore size) to the macros...

This article is devoted to the assessment of climatic comfort on the example of the coastal cities of Sochi and Azov. The work emphasizes the role of the natural component as a kind of foundation, within the framework of which anthropogenic changes in a number of parameters characterizing the environment are manifested. In this regard, when carrying out a number of assessment studies, in particular, when carrying out a geoecological assessment of a territory, taking into account the natural component or its fundam...

The modern geomorphological appearance of the northern coast of the Sea of Azov was formed during the last 2 thousand years under the conditions of modern neotectonics, intensive hydrodynamic regime, and abrasion and accumulative processes. At the same time, most of the accumulative forms of the North Pryazovia region – sea spits – were formed. In geomorphological terms, the spits of the northern coast of the Sea of Azov are lowlands, in the form of sandy and shell peninsulas, which wedge deeply into the water are...

In Latvia, the pygmy water lily Nymphaea tetragona Georgii was first reported 70 years ago in Lake Dunezers by Emilija Ozolina (1951). As no herbarium was collected, this finding was challenged. In 2017, during surveys of Saxifraga hirculus in the transitional mire Jaunciems in the Ances bog and forest reserve, N. tetragona was identified (based on morphological characteristics), found in shallow, elongated cavities with a solid base as an accompanying species. However, its presence in Latvia has not yet been abso...

Romanian seismicity, is characterized by a moderate rate of tectonic origin earthquakes, with an increase in density and higher magnitudes, within the Vrancea region, located at the South-Eastern Carpathians bend, at the conjunction of three major tectonic units: East European Plate, Intra-Alpine Plate and Moesian Plate. First-motion focal mechanism solutions are a good proxy for the initial rupture and they provide important additional information on the source mechanism. The data compiled in the present paper pr...

Chemical and construction materials industries are the resource intensive sectors regulated by both the legislation based on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and carbon-related legislation. In Russia, BAT concept regarded as an instrument for the industrial resource efficiency enhancement. Environmental Performance Indicators are included in BAT Reference Documents (BREFs) forming a basis for the assessment of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. To optimise two interrelated regulatory systems (BAT and GHG), BATs prov...

The article presents a new view on minimizing and overcoming the consequences of the violation of coevolutionary "equilibrium" in the system "nature-society". The analysis shows that there are no differences in the system of eco-values, neither in the European integration nor in a certain state context. The modern movement of environmental consciousness reveals certain contradictions between the perception of environmental ethics and real actions and environmental practices. It is proved that the time factor (dela...

The NW part of the Black Sea is under the strong influence of the Danube River that discharges into the basin. Danube, through the input of sediment and water, has a double function in controlling the gas presence in NW Black Sea shallow sediments. The first function is to deliver into the sea the terrestrial organic matter that it is added to the marine in origin one. The second function is to provide a sustained sedimentation rate, needed to bury older organic matter, conducting to biogenic generation of methane...

The article describes the results of geochemical studies of formation water in the Romashkinskoe oil field of the Republic of Tatarstan. Geochemical monitoring is a good indicator of the origin of natural waters, the method can be used to mark formation waters. The study of an extensive collection of produced water made it possible to trace the change in its geochemical composition depending on the age of formation of the reservoir in the Volga-Ural region. Geochemical studies were carried out in the produced form...

The Moldavian Platform represents the south-west margin of the East European Platform. To the south, the Moldavian Platform is bordered by the Scythian Platform and to the west by the Carpathians. The Moldavian Platform encloses many geological and paleontological sites of high scientific value, being well known for the Middle Miocene wide exposures, represented by the Paratethys stage Sarmatian. In this study, we present the geological and paleontological heritage of 6 natural reserves from the Moldavian Platform...

Debris flows are considered as flows of highly liquefied sediments in mountain areas, usually triggered by intensive rainfall or snowmelt. They move rapidly through the transport channel or a gully and accumulate the debris material on a less slopping or flat areas, forming a debris fan. Often debris flows occur suddenly and could affect infrastructure as well as to influence human activity and life. This determines the growing need to deepen the research of the debris flows and to take into account the peculiarit...