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The formation conditions of limonite, often iron-oxide and hydroxide containing mineraloids can be related to the crystallisation process of iron oxides minerals in weathering crust sedimentation. Iron oxides (goethite, hematite) and their various admixtures form lithification compounds. The research involved the analysis of limonite concretions and their thin sections, composition analysis and interpreting the conditions of formation. Thin sections were examined by the difference in the formation of limonite agei...

Nutrient pollution and harmful algal blooms cause major environmental damage as well as serious human and animal health problems. Moreover, they take a toll on the economy, hurting industries and sectors that depend on clean water. High levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in water induce algae to grow faster than the lake ecosystems can handle. The increase in algae content damages the quality of lake water, food resources, and reduces the amount of oxygen needed to survive aquatic life. So-called algal blooms can s...

The evaluation of the agro-ecological potential of Racha-Lechkhumi - Kvemo Svaneti region will allow using the weather and climatic conditions efficiently making it possible to grow and develop the crops efficiently and gain rich harvest. Consequently, the data of long-term (60-year-long) meteorological observations were treated and analyzed and used as the basis to calculate and evaluate the principal agro-climatic indices (sums of active temperatures (>10?C), atmospheric precipitations (mm), relative air humidit...

Banat, a historic province localized on the territory of three states (Romania, Serbia and Hungary), is constituted as a diverse spatial entity from geological and geomorphological, climatic, demographic and social-cultural perspectives, and these aspects may be observed at first eye contact, due to the biogeographic diversity. The largest part of the historical Banat is located on Romania territory, respectively 66.5% of the total area, and the Romanian Banat is the area of interest in this study. The preoccupati...

Appropriate protection of the environment, as well as of the most vulnerable environmental factor, water, is impossible without the achievement of a civilization's progress in all its aspects (economic, social, etc.). Also, the lack of adequate economic support may lead to the impossibility of carrying out actions to protect and conserve water resources. Activities from eastern part of the Jiu Valley, constituted as integrated parts of economic growth and development, invariably degrade, through the specificity of...

The Giurgiu-Ruse Bridge, also known as ?The Friendship Bridge?, is one of the two bridges over the Danube River, which links Romania and Bulgaria aside with the Calafat ? Vidin Bridge. Between 2014 and 2016 the Romanian side of the Giurgiu-Ruse Bridge was retrofitted. After finishing the works, static and dynamic trials were done in order to attest the behavior of the structure under test loads. The superstructure of the access viaducts is made up of independent upper carriageway steel decks, simply supported beam...

Two national agencies are operating in Turkey providing routine analysis of earthquakes of Turkey and surroundings, Bo?azi?i University - Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institution (BOUN?KOERI) and Disaster and Emergency Management Authority, Earthquake Department (AFAD?DDA). In the present work, we check the consistency of the focal parameters provided by these centers for a large number of recently occurred earthquakes. To perform this test, we used the solutions provided by International Seismolog...

Conservation of the natural environment is top priority for all humanity. Thus, principal concern for the creation of protected natural areas with the aim of restricting human impact and biodiversity conservation is very important. As a result of comprehensive studies of the landscape monument В«Steppe slopes and steppe woods on the Picha RiverВ» located in coniferous broad-leaved forests in the Mari El Republic (Russian Federation) was chosen for this purpose and full inventory of flora and fauna was conducted. I...

The active industry developing and the improvement of the life quality of the population of the planet Earth leads to a catastrophic situation due to the accumulation of various kinds of waste. This is a global problem that cannot be solved radically at present time. In the middle of the last century, it was believed that the more smoking pipes at factories and plants, the better i.e. the economy was developed. Currently, the situation has changed dramatically - pipes smoke rarely, but the amount of various kinds ...

Heavy metals can accumulate and migrate in soil environments entering the human body mainly through the food chain and respiration and can lead to increased prevalence of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to identify the transfer levels of heavy metals (Cu, Zn and Pb) from soil to the leaves due to the fact that most studies show that heavy metals ions enter the vegetable tissues mainly through the roots and foliage, of which root uptake being the dominant pathway. Two types of leafy plants were studied i...

Due to increased precision in positioning and depth determination, recent seismicity data (January 2014 - January 2018) from ROMPLUS Earthquake Catalogue of Romania[1] have been used to illustrate active faults at crustal and lithospheric depths in Vrancea, a seismogenic sector located in the East Carpathians Bend Zone (Romania). Multiple N-S, W-E, NW-SE trending seismicity sections across the Vrancea area have been built and analyzed, as well as seismicity maps at various depths, or for depth intervals. The seism...

Nowadays, new rural paradigm foresees sustainable development and the transition of agriculture and rural areas from agricultural origin goods providers to providers of various goods and services, which are based on ecosystem services, especially agroecosystem services. The one group of ecosystem services - provisioning services (biomass e.g. food and fiber) could be better provided by intensive and industrialized farms. The other group of ecosystem services could be assured by farms complying with the agro-ecolog...

Conversion of vegetable oils and fats are of the great attention in the last decades. The main processes used in the triglyceride processing are transesterification, hydrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrogenation. The last two reactions can be concerned with hydrotreatment processes, allowing the formation of hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, and fatty aldehydes. These compounds can be used as fuel components, intermediated for the synthesis of surfactants, fragrances, pharmaceutical etc. In the current work, the s...

The article describes methodological approaches to calculation of ecology-economic index of the Russian Federation regions as an aggregated indicator of sustainable development. Calculation results of main quantity are presented. Ecology-economic index of Kursk region is made up of this quantity. Data analysis demonstrates that genuine savings of our region practically don't differ in size from gross savings of basic capital because the sum of indicator indexes is approximately equal. The indicator is compensated ...

Vanadium and nickel are concentrated in the asphaltene-resinous part of the oil; while the maximum amount of these metals is found in asphaltenes. Vanadium as the vanadyl cation VO2+ and nickel in the form of the cation Ni2+ are coordinated predominantly by porphyrins and their tetrapyrrole analogs. Petroleum feedstock with high metals content is unsuitable for catalytic refining processes. In addition, vanadium and nickel significantly affect the thermal cracking and hydrodemetallization of heavy oil residues. Pr...

The Northern Dvina River and Kyanda River of the White Sea basin are characterized by similar natural conditions ? long cold winters, short cool summers, podzolic type of soil formation, high wetlands (up to 20%) and wooded areas (about 80%). Despite a number of common features, the Northern Dvina River, unlike Kyanda River, experiences a significant anthropogenic influence from the enterprises of pulp and paper and wood chemical industry, heat power engineering, mechanical engineering and others. The Kyanda River...

Bottom sediments are a specific component of aquatic ecosystems. They are actively involved in the accumulation, redistribution and mass transfer of chemical elements, including heavy metals. They can contribute to the purification of the water column, due to its depositing properties. However, they can also serve as a source of secondary pollution, as a result of the transition of pollutants into the suspended matter. The intensity of accumulation and migration of substances is directly dependent on the lithologi...

Goal. To consider the main environmental problems of the region, the directions of their solution and the financial and economic indicators envisaged under the federal law В«Environmental ProtectionВ» and the corresponding regional program on the example of the Leningrad Region. Object of research is the methodology of the analysis and management of financing of actions at the state and regional level in the sphere of ecology for the purpose of identification of financial priorities in the field of environmental p...

As the initial data, we used the results of recording the Earth's magnetic field at the Geophysical observatory "Mikhnevo" of the Institute of Geospheres Dynamics (54.959?N, 37.766?E), carried out in the period 2010-2015. On the basis of the results of instrumental observations, it is shown that in the spectra of geomagnetic variations the quasiharmonic component is clearly distinguished, the frequency of which is close to the basic spheroidal mode of the Earth 0S2. In periods of 15 days after three major earthqua...

Fracturing using propellant systems is recognized as a cheap alternative to conventional hydraulic fracturing in circumstances where heavy pumping equipment is not available. Usually, fracturing wells with propellants is used as an initial stage, preceding conventional hydraulic fracturing, and to improve the injectivity of the borehole. This method has a number of advantages: the length of the fractures ranges from 1.0 to 5.0 m and it eliminates compatibility problems between the formation fluid and the fracturin...

Wetlands, in the transformed agricultural landscape, play an important role in preserving and enriching biodiversity. The study covered 35 mid-field wetlands. Floristic and phytosociological investigations allowed us to determine the species composition of the plant communities present in the analysed wetlands. The mapping of existing plant communities was performed on each studied object. A route method was used to determine the ranges of plant patches using the GPS location system. Within the scope of each ident...

In recent years, special attention is paid problems of ensure the rare-earth products of various high-tech fields. Currently rare metal raw materials are used in the chemical industry, electronics, information technology, communication technology and others.The primary task of this work is to investigate the possibility of using methods of flotation for the concentration of target components from dilute aqueous solutions. The aim of the work was to research of the recovery of rare earth elements (REE) by adsorptio...

This study shows how material and immaterial flows can be analysed. The basis for the analysis is the equality principle and its mathematical expression the EUROPE model (the model for Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy) which creates economic incentives to improve nature, advance the technological standard and increase profits. Particularly, the flows of cargo transportation, mega city supplies, long distance water transportation and various substance flows are described. The theoretical fi...

The mining sector is currently undergoing a transformation. The reforms result from the difficult economic situation in mining companies, which is a consequence of the low price of natural gas, substantial coal supplies in ports and power plants storage sites as well as the growing energy production from renewable sources. Unfortunately, a drop in prices does not cause a decrease in the cost of raw material production. Such a situation causes that Polish coal is not competitive on international markets. The ongoin...

The relevance of the issue under study lay in the opportunity to predict climate change on the planet in the context of ever-increasing greenhouse gas emissions from natural and anthropogenic sources. Will it result in global warming or global cooling? The paper aimed at revealing correspondence between greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and temperature change. The leading approach to the problem study was a method of physicochemical (thermodynamic) simulation with the use of the ?Selector-S? software wi...

Under the current conditions of the functioning of agribusiness entities, forecasting of agribusiness development is of great importance. First of all, it is related to the fact that the Republic of Mari El belongs to the agroindustrial region. In addition, the enhancement of the integration processes is observed at the present time in the Republic of Mari El and new forms of integration of the economic entities of agribusiness are formed due to these processes. The formation and development of the competitiveness...

The article considers a formal and functional description of international timber transportation logistical system as a distributing system. The formal representation of the international timber transportation process requires the consideration of a big number of factors affecting transportation. In addition, the transportation process takes place on the territory of several states and depends on the transport network significantly. In this regard, the use of the system analysis method will be most effective. A se...

Environmental problems show their relevance at the present stage of gradual depletion of resources and increasing demands on product quality and the state of the environment, which in turn entails a change in the requirements for management systems that currently need to include quality management systems, environmental management systems environment, occupational safety and health management systems, social responsibility requirements, which are reflected in international standards ISO 9000, ISO 14 000, OHSAS 180...

Salt water intrusions of marine origin are a major cause of contamination for coastal fresh water aquifers. They are generated mainly by the uncontrolled exploitation of fresh water in pumping stations from coastal areas. In Romania, such marine intrusions have occurred in the southern part of Black Sea's coastline, in the area of Vama Veche and Costine?ti resorts, contaminating the main aquifers which are hosted within Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) lumachelic and oolitic limestones. Fresh water exploitation man...

Renewable-energy sources are considered to be the energy that is collected from sources that may be regenerated in a lifetime. The renewable-energy sources branch out in five types: wind power, hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy and bio energy. However, in this paper, we are analyzing the water, solar and wind, since those three are the most exploited in Romania. Wind power refers to produce electric power, by mechanical powered generators when air flows through wind turbines. Alternatively, to fossil fue...

Task of advancing geonavigation becomes an actual topic when constructing a horizontal trunk of oil and gas reservoir of geophysical studies of horizontal wells. Advancing geonavigation allows to predict intersection of trunk with boundaries of oil-gas reservoir. Mathematical model of unsteady electromagnetic field of a horizontal conductive plate is approximated by the known plane ???? and excited by a horizontal magnetic dipole; Plane ???? is transformed into a vertical half-plane ???? by dynamic method of mirro...

Waste management is an important element of environmental protection in each country. Vegetable and fruit waste are produced in every place in the world, hence it is necessity to manage it. Legal regulations in Poland forbid the storage of this waste which were selectively collected. Therefore, it is necessary to looking for other methods of their management. Agricultural biogas plants are an important source of renewable energy. In last years, in Europe, the most important substrate used for biogas production was...

The contribution is focused on asphalt mixtures in wearing courses of pavements from the point of view of their performance based, road user properties and traffic noise emissions. In the article there are described the options and examples of objectification of pavement surfaces influence on traffic noise. The author's inform about the condition of pavement with wearing course from SMA 11 (Stone Mastic Asphalt) asphalt mixture which was constructed on expressway R1 from grade-separated junction of Zvolen in the d...

The energy sector, among others, is one of the strategic sectors for any country regardless the degree of development. Being one of the most dynamic sectors due to the exponential need for energy, in most cases is unfriendly for the environment due to the conventional methods of extraction that are more affordable than those unconventional. The Romanian energy sector is no exception. In these conditions, the main objective of this paper is to evaluate the renewable energy potential of the Romania territory, namely...

Last century was an apogee of drilling operations in all around the world. Petroleum industry has managed to achieved large progress in technology which contribute to minimize costs and time of drilling and completion operations but above all this, to increase production of oil and gas from the reservoirs. Rapid development also bring with itself potential problems with integration of the well during production processes and workovers. Changes in temperature conditions connected with treatments of the well result ...

The paper discusses the comparative analysis of crude oil extracted from the core material and bituminous oil using the method of gas-liquid chromatography. The method involves partition of hydrocarbon mixtures in the columns under the dynamic conditions. The output is recorded as a series of peaks - each one representing a compound in the mixture passing through the detector. Gas-liquid chromatography is a powerful tool in analyzing complex petroleum mixture components very close in their composition even when th...

Environmental legislation and the one ruling the mining industry require the ecological rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities, which are currently under way, with the cessation of productive activities. From this point of view, one of the most active areas of exploitation, especially of construction and ornamental rocks, is located in Tulcea County (more precisely, there are 50 quarries occupying a total area of approximately 792 ha). We also have to bear in mind that the largest one, Turcoaia (130...

We present the results of the use of geo-information management of geographically distributed systems for the comparative assessment of environmental criteria for alternative routes of the Russian section of the Nord Stream ? 2 marine gas pipeline. For the planned anthropogenic impact, we consider the complex of biotic and abiotic parameters of ecosystems allocated in the zones of influence (ZI), using the system analysis as a theoretical basis. In the land part of ZI, we allocate water protection zones and coasta...

The Thar Desert is a part of the arid zone of north-western India and one of the major deserts in the subtropical belt, encompassing a total geographical area of 196 000 km2. Ongoing desertification with intense erosional actions removing unconsolidated surface cover to form desert pavement on one side, and co-acting mass sediment transfer with sand dunes formations on another side, as well as ground salinisation due to progressing regional aridification (mean annual precipitation 150?500 mm) pose major threats to...

The East Carpathians Bend region includes a multitude of natural discharges of saline groundwater. Some of these outflows - such as the mud volcanoes at Beciu and a couple of springs at Lep?a - have previously been shown to be sensitive to the intense seismic activity which developed in that area. Yet no attempts have so far been made for exploring relationships that possibly existed between those brines chemical characteristics, and the local geo-structural setting: the latter consists of a stack of successively ...

This study examined the spatial relations of the selected metals in stream sediments tributary of the Oltet River in longitudinal profile, along the entire length (185 km) in relation to geology, lithology and anthropogenic activities. Differences in regional geology from the northern to the southern of the Oltet River Basin are reflected in stream sediment geochemistry. The Olte? River crossing crystalline formations belonging to the Danubian Domain represented by metamorphic rocks (schist, gneisses, mica-schiste...

Geochemical map of western and souther part of Serbia covers an area of about 30 000 km2 and also basins of rivers Ibar, Western Morava, Kolubara, Drina and Grand Morava. Representative samples from relevant profiles were collected according to WEGS (Western European Geochemical association). Samples were collected at the A- horizon at a depth of 15-20 cm from the ground surface; OB-overbank sediments at the depth of 80-100 cm and S-modern stream sediment. Geochemical mapping of lithological members was performed ...

The data on the geological position, the features of the mineral and material granitoids composition of the Borschovochny massif, which is localized in the northeastern part of the Eastern Transbaikalia, are given. According to geotectonic zoning, granitoids of the massif are collision formations that arose as a result of the collision of the Siberian craton and the Argun microcontinent in the Late Jurassic time. The granites of the Borschovochny massif correspond to rocks of normal alkalinity with potassium (and ...

In the eastern part of the Siberian platform, Phanerozoic magmatism manifested itself in various tectonic structures. It was related, in Middle Paleozoic and Lower Triassic times, to rifting processes, and in Late Paleozoic ? Early Mesozoic times ? to the initiation and development of traps. Varying geodynamic regime of magma generation resulted in a geochemical variety of rocks. The Permo-Triassic traps are characterized by a low content of incompatible elements, insignificant REE totals (60-70 ppm), a moderate d...

The Holy Cross Mountains are one of the oldest mountain ranges in Europe. The south-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (the south-central part of Poland) is characterized by high geodiversity. Sediments from Proterozoic to Paleozoic (Cambrian, Ordovician, Devonian and Cambrian) are discovered on the surface. The younger sediments (from Permian to Cretaceous) occur in the west, north and northwest part. The whole area is covered by Quaternary sediments. Selected objects, deposits and high valuable geotouristi...

Geophysical surveys are used frequently in the early stages of the landslide study, associated with the traditional drilling. But for monitoring the slide are used only the bore holes equipped with various sensors and expensive devices for movement measuring, which cannot be recovered and are destroyed once the slippery mass moves again. To continue the monitoring of the next stage of the landslide involves new drillings and a new set of devices. Finally the cost of monitoring will be very high. Initially, the Bre...

There have occurred significant changes in the world political stage over the last more than 20 years. Events of the recent decades have changed territory, economic, social, natural resource and environmental situation in Russia. Nowadays up to 70% of territory of the Russian Federation, nearly half of northern land areas of the globe are regarded as territory of the nordic region and the Arctic region. The notion ?Arctic region? (?Arctic zone?) has no distinct definition, it is frequently equated with the notion ...

The paper gives an overview of the geographical scope of petroleum reserves, mentioned in article titles from seven journals over the recent five years 2013-2018: (1) Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering; (2) Marine and Petroleum Geology; (3) Petroleum Geoscience; (4) Journal of Petroleum Geology; (5) Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources; (6) Petroleum Exploration and Development; (7) Petroleum Science. The samples included 100 titles from each journal (700 in total). According to the gained res...

The Techirghiol Lake, with a total surface of 1,462 ha, a length of 7,500 m and a maximum depth of 12 m, is situated on the NW Black Sea coast, south to the Constanta town. The lake is located in SE Dobrogea, a region that displays the highest density of lakes in Romania. These lakes were formed during the Quaternary, in relation with the Black Sea level fluctuations. Due to the low-level waters of the Lake Techirghiol, relative to the Black Sea one, the salty marine waters periodically invaded the lake. Genetical...

The Sayak ore district is located in the north-eastern part of the Balkhash region and contains industrial molybdenum-copper and gold mineralization, which is represented mainly by skarn deposits, as well as smaller deposits and ore occurrences of hydrothermal-vein, porphyry and karst types. They are located mainly in the eastern part of the Sayak graben-syncline, which is composed of volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Middle and Upper Paleozoic age. The Upper Paleozoic complex is accompanied by granitoid intrusion...