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Technological developments in 20 and 21 centuries have highered up standards of living and created welfare and more comfortable living conditions for mankind. However, together with the increasing world population, environmental problems have also increased and diversified based on various reasons. Therefore, with the aim of solving the existing air, water and earth pollution problems and taking them under control, laws and regulations have been put into force and announced both internationally and domestically. T...

One of main concern of policy makers is pollution and hence the improvement of the environmental quality. The implementation of environment policies aims at improving life and product quality in order to replace those obtained by high polluting processes by less polluting ones. Countries having more strict environmental regulations are likely to suffer from a significant increase of their production costs. As a consequence these countries become less competitive on the international market and may lose their marke...

Anaerobic treatment system was used for determination of colour removal under batch conditions. Azo-dye (Reactive Black 5, RB 5) with glucose as a carbon source was used as a synthetic wastewater. The decolourization process follows first order kinetics with respect to RB 5 azo-dye concentration in batch conditions. Decolourization rate constant (k1) value for dye concentration of 150mgL-1 was 0.1751 h-1 in the batch experimental study performed with RB 5. Maximum Reactive Black 5 removal efficiency was obtained a...

On the basis of the mathematical model of acoustic field behind the first line of buildings [1] is created program insurance for PC and operational system WindowsВ®. The incoming information includes: coordinated of the angle and altitude of buildings, sources, power and frequency of sound, coordinates of the points for which the calculations are made for (figure 2). The program is composed from 7 basic modules. The connection between them is represented in figure 1. The results from the calculations are shown by ...

Noise is an important factor affecting human health psychologically due to lack of performance, hearing failures, decreases in heart beats, physiologically due to higher brain liquid pressure and sociologically due to lack of communication. Especially in closed working areas, it has significant negative effects on the performance. Noise control in closed working areas is generally done with boron added cellulosic mixture sprayed on the structure or surfaces with required thicknesses. In this study, noise was gener...

The microalgae from a genus Pseudo-nitzschia are constantly presented in the plankton at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. They are described as potential toxic and their monitoring is significant for the Black Sea’s ecosystem, fishing development and aquacultures. Aspects such as distribution density, biomass and bloom’s forming from this group of algae are explored in this article. Since 1996 to 2005, one great blooming of P.delicatissima is observed and the rest are below 5 000 x 103 cells/l. The frequencies a...

The importance of a high literacy consciousness in the development of societies is a known fact. Scientific literacy is the fundamental criterion to catch the era in social, scientific and technological fields. Science, Technology and Society (STS) literacy level and the sensitivity of the natural environment protection is crucial in the economic and technologic development of countries. For this reason, the developed countries applied STS literacy to all layers of the societies. The developing countries have to p...

To implement large-scale multiagent systems (MAS) in the paper is proposed a new system design methodology towards environment-centered design. The interaction of blocks that compound the structure of multiagent system for environment processes is described. These links consist in system simulation, where agents and human-controlled units coexist in virtual space to jointly perform simulations and augmented experiment. As an application of environment-centered design, environment embedded agents for a large-scale ...

In the long term, there are no alternatives to an environmentally compatible mode of production and consumption. Global warming, the loss (depletion) of stratospheric ozone and tropical forests, marine pollution and soil erosion, world-wide air pollution and the world-wide loss of biodiversity can no longer be denied. Only if every individual adapts his or her activities to the limits of our environment, can the targets presented here be achieved. In the debate on consumption patterns in industrialized societies i...

Between the living things there has been always an ongoing interaction. Humankind is polluting consciously or unconsciously while interacting within the environment which is surrounding him. Because of the rapidly changing (physical, chemical and biological) ecological events recently in our world, the boost of technological contamination, roughness in technological use, personal or societal insensitivity once have proved how significant the environmental education is. In order to adapt universal environment polic...

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

Coastal zones are exposed to many dynamic processes that usually cause changes on long and short time spans. Erosion, sediment transport, environmental pollution and coastal development are among the most severe processes impacting the coastal zones. Monitoring of shoreline change needs a long-term commitment and objective decisions on shoreline change are usually made based on shoreline and erosion monitoring data that are usually acquired cumulatively over a long period of time. The purpose of the present work i...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why housing is not sufficiently adapted to climate change. It is mainly expressed as hurricanes, flash floods, high solar radiation. The inclination of Earth’s axis combined with the Earth’s core overheating brings about strong earthquakes and tzunami waves. In order to adapt residential buildings to the dynamics of disasters, their design criteria should be updated. The criteria are related to the spatial planning, construction, heating, drainage and ground streng...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why geotechnical structures are not sufficiently adapted to climate change. The storm winds, flash floods and sea level rise accelerate the landslide and erosion processes. This is the reason why the protective structures will be mostly of two kinds – landslide protection and coast-protection structures. In order for the geotechnical structures to better adapt to the dynamics of landslide and erosion processes, the criteria for their design should be updated. Criteri...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, Turkiye has caught the attention of f...

The analysis of the practical applications of the findings of the preliminary tests for the effectiveness of the disinfection treatments with high-frequency cold plasma conducted on samples collected from patrimony items and reference materials of organic nature has shown that the microbiological investigations confirm the biocide action of the HF plasma in fighting bacteria (after 45 minutes in the samples of icon wood and natural silk, 60 minutes in the cotton samples, 90 minutes in the archaeological wood and l...

This report describes the morphogenesis of the cyathium in two subspecies of Euphorbia myrsinites L. occurring in the flora of Romania related to the vascular transition. Our histo-anatomical researches established the origin of the vascular system in the different parts of the cyathium (involucre, nectary glands, monostaminate male flowers and female flower).

Our investigations have focused on observations concerning the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves in various phenophases, the state of the leaf surfaces and histo-anatomical changes of the leaves under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The histo-anatomical changes induced by the gaseous and solid atmosphere pollutants on the lamina have been observed in protecting tissues, assimilator tissues (the palisade and the spongy tiss...

In this paper it has been assessed the current situation of the old vestige material deposits created during the Pb-Zn concentrate production process. Flotations of Stant\"erg, Kishnica and Albanik, have exposed those vestige materials in the open surface field and are treated as main source of the air contamination in Mitrovica and surroundings, Kizhnica and Albanik. The results which make powerful the opinion that application of the hydro filling method of exploitation in all Trepca mines are shown as well, sinc...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

Prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas in a number of cases are connected with some environmental impacts in the location of their implementation. Depending on the applied prospecting and exploration methods – geophysical or drilling methods or combination of both - the environmental impacts comprise mainly of: air emissions from the equipment engines, short-term damages to land and soil, contamination of surface and ground water, waste generation, cuttings in forests, etc. The implemented comple...

INTRODUCTION Within the scope of the recently started initiative SAFEMANMIN under 6th Framework Programme, a preliminary report about methods used for the characterization of mining wastes in several Eli countries (Austria, Italy, Greece, Poland, Norway, Spain, France, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania) has been complied. This study is based on the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques of Tailings and Waste-Rocks in Mining Activities, prepared by the IPPC Office in Seville (July 2004). It aims on establishin...

Main research directions worldwide concern the distinguishing of the adaptative response of the individuals to environment modifications which occur under the influence of pollutants. These modifications are manifested at different levels: morphological, structural, ultrastructural and biochemical. This manifests not only by macroscopic deviations from the laws of symmetry, but by modifications in the stomata and hairs (tector and secretor) pattern. The vegetal material was collected during June and July 2006 from...

In the paper is discussed the possibilities of preventive methods of quality management in scope of environmental prevention and the waste liquidation and their application.

Extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron contained in spent catalyst coming from the manufacture of sulfuric acid (main elemental composition: 3.5\% V; 0.63\% Ni and 7.9\% Fe) was studied. The effects of roasting and leaching temperature, concentration of the leaching reagent, reaction time and pulp density on the extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron were determined. Sulfuric acid was used as leaching reagent. ANOVA was used to find out the optimal leaching conditions and to analyze the results. The results obta...

It’s explored and analyzed experience for treating of building refuse’s at the world in cities with over 500000 populations. It’s collected and systematized dates for existing quantities of building refuse’s for last 3 years at the area of Sofia city. There are shown a technological process and choosing a machine group for rehabilitation of building refuse’s. There are made economical analyze for competitive power between rehabilitation and store in depot.

Recently, the effect of noise pollution appeared due to noise increasing from highway transportation, especially, the great majorities of the people living in city centers. Identifying the noise levels have gained great importance in terms of planning of the cities, regions, industries and our being informed how degree the noisy pollution have influenced our daily life. Development plans performed in our country have been carried out without taking into consideration the factor of noise pollution. One of the bigge...

The effectiveness of methane drainage lies in the implementation of a process to siphon methane gas (from the ground) to create a source for fueling electric power generation. This process can be seen on the principle of BAT (“Best Available Technology”). Applied BAT when combined within an effective and efficient Environmental Management System results in benefit to both the environment and profitability. In India too, methane in recent time has been accepted as a gas fuel of future. Although lagging behind i...

Shoreline change rate is the most critical feature of the coastal area because it reveals future harmful impacts driven by long-term climate changes and episodic events. Since the coastal zone is one of a nation’s greatest environmental and economic assets, the best methodology, as far as accuracy is concerned, estimating the rate of change of a shoreline is an open question. The accuracy both of the geoinformation used and the computed change rate is of crucial importance. The purpose of the present paper is to...

This research presents aerosol measurements using the field study data from April2004 to December 2006 to evaluate the particulate air pollution in selected area in Mitrovica. This part of northern Kosova constitutes one of most important mining field in Europe. Consequently the industrial activities were mostly connected to the exploitation of the base metal ores of the Trep\cca district as well as the smelter of Zve\ccan and the Trep\cca battery factory. The town of Zve\ccan and Mitrovica have been exposed for m...

Most of the coastal zones in Europe are under the high level of anthropogenic pressure. Intensive use can lead to a devaluation of the natural capital of these zones and negatively affect the social and economic balance. These issues cannot be solved by the South-Eastern Baltic Region States separately (e.g. common natural and cultural heritage, transfers of pollutants and sediments, tourist flows, maritime safety) and requires international collaboration. One of the ways to ensure sustainable development of the c...

In our paper, the investigations have focused on observations regarding the physiological and biochemical changes on the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves during their ontogenetic cycle under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The foliar chlorosis and necrosis represent the clear manifestation of deep physiological modifications, as well as severe structural alterations, which affect the average content of water, dry matter, ...

The increasing use of paste backfill in underground mining makes it necessary to quantify the effect of tailings properties, such as physical and chemical properties, on the performance properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). The mechanical performance of CPB placed in underground openings (i.e. mine stopes) is often different from the one predicted in laboratory studies even under similar curing conditions of temperature and humidity. This observation is presumably due to the specific consolidation and drain...

The earthquake jeopardy for our country is a reality that can not be ignored, since 98\% of Bulgarian territory is an earthquake-prone area. Among all natural disasters, earthquakes are the greatest contemporary menace - according to UN statistics. Hence, the existence of appropriate resources for effective earthquake protection is the relevant background for the sustainable economic development of any modern state. The continuous seismic monitoring of strong earthquakes, affecting the territory of Bulgaria is car...

Companies decide to implement an EMS for a variety of reasons, and choose the type of EMS that corresponds to their needs, aspirations, and capacities. In doing so, they need to think about the ways in which they wish to imbed their EMS within overall corporate strategies and how to link it with other management support tools that they have in place. If an EMS is not supported by appropriate corporate governance is unlikely to have an efficient impact. For example, the responsibility for corporate environmental po...

We report in this paper the preliminary results obtained during removal of pesticides from industrial wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Fenton process is attractive alternative to conventional oxidation processes in effluent treatment of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of fenton process for the reduction of COD in wastewaters from pesticide industry. Several parameters were also studied: dose of Fe+2 and H2O2. The process of pesticide removal from industrial wastewater u...

A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87\% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carri...