Browse

The present paper concretises a current assessment of the quality of the environmental components by characterizing the soil and groundwater samples in 4 agricultural areas in Romania, chosen as case studies according to the criteria of their vulnerability to climate change. The important data obtained from laboratory physical and chemical characterization of soil and groundwater samples taken from these areas, have been analyzed in close correlation with current agricultural practices identified and their local s...

The aim of this article is the studying of the "predator-prey" populations controlled interaction. The well-known Lotka-Volterra system ([1], [3], [5-15]) with control is used as a mathematical model. A complete research of this model is done: from its parameters identification to the choice of optimal control. The identification numerical algorithms are based on the Taylor series method. This method application is reasonable in this case, because right sides of the considered ODEs system can be presented in polyn...

We consider a problem of reservoir facies classification based on well logs. The classification procedure assumes that there is a train sample, which has a corresponding lithotype for every log entry. Since the physical nature of observed rocks is very complex, there are currently no adequate mathematical models which can describe it. We proposed the probabilistic model which takes into consideration mutual stochastic dependence of adjacent log entries, which is represented by Markov networks. The characteristic f...

In this paper we present a case study on the identification and contouring of a gas deposit, placed mainly in Pontian formations. This study is based on some geological landmarks as well as the interpretation of filtered gravimetric and magnetometric data. The gas deposits determine minimum gravimetric anomalies, under the specific geological conditions of the Transylvanian Basin. Such gravimetric minimum is determined on the one hand by the rise of the salt, and on the other hand by the mass deficit within the sa...

As an effect of globalization on natural resources demand, the need for an increasingly detailed knowledge of the geological structure of a territory and of the characteristics of these resources have also emerged. This has been the context when the administrative boundaries and the specific national policies and legislation have differentiated the current knowledge of a geological unit. For the authors of this paper, the western part of Romania is the most recent case studies where the harmonization of Romanian g...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use energy consulting as an important instrument for reducing information deficits when investigating savings potentials and measures for improving enterprises? energy efficiency. Since 2012, Germany has implemented a government support program to help cover the costs of energy consulting for small and medium-sized enterprises that have an energy audit carried out by a qualified consultant. This work examines the results of over 290 companies with energy balances in the pe...

Currently there is no uniform method for the economic evaluation of construction and exploitation costs of underground structures that would incorporate not only construction costs, but also costs associated with possible accidents and damage during exploitation. At the same time, we believe that in such cases costs should be evaluated in advance, because these situations often result in catastrophes with incredibly high liquidation costs. In this paper our method for evaluation of costs of underground constructio...

The oil price crisis has changed the way how we treat our producing wells. Nowadays production intensification is not just a possible option to increase the flow rate of wells with poor performance, but a treatment we must consider for every well to achieve ultimate productivity. However, before the actual treatment a series of different steps are necessary to take, such as candidate selection, method selection, treatment planning and decision making. These steps require the cooperation of different personnel, mos...

One of the main geo-environmental issues of the Central Black Earth Region is the degradation of the topsoil of agricultural landscapes caused by intensive water erosion. Enhanced water erosion processes in agricultural landscapes limit, on the one hand, the possibility of sustainable agricultural production, and on the other hand, they disrupt the ecological balance of geo-ecosystems. The goal of the study was to assess the risk of water erosion of soils in intensively exploited agricultural landscapes on the exa...

In this paper will be indicated the different behaviour of buildings in Bucharest, mistakes in design and execution, state of codes and regulations in the XXth century, revealing what went wrong. Several national and international research programs were done in the past to understand the causes for the Vrancea seismicity, to study the seismic wave propagation in the region and to assess seismic hazard for Bucharest and other communities. Especially in Bucharest, high-quality seismic data were acquired obtaining a ...

Forest fires occur for natural and anthropogenic reasons. In the vicinity of settlements, forest fires occur mainly as a result of human activity. The occurrence of a forest fire is characterized by the presence of a person in a forested area (anthropogenic load), the presence of ignition sources and the process of forest fuel ignition. It is important to understand how the anthropogenic load is distributed around the locality and to simulate it using computer technology. The purpose of the work is a numerical stu...

The paper focuses on interconnectedness of human and environment with rapidly rising urban space developments in Lahore ? the second largest city of Pakistan. The city has a long history of more than 2000 years. It reflects the developmental aspects of Mughal Era and remnants of British colonial rule. From 1999 to 2011 the growth rate of the city in terms of built up area has doubled. Thus, mounting a huge pressure on the city administration responsible of managing infrastructure and slum settlements. Due to rapid...

The paper considers previously unknown denudation-tectonic circular landforms with the diameter of 1.5-2 km, defined by us as karst calderas. These forms are presented in western Georgia, namely in Zemo Imereti Plateau, on the carbonate-terrigenous cover of the Georgian block. Endogenous-exogenous mechanism and conditions of their origin have been proposed in the paper. The integrity of the substrate cover in its local volume is violated by the stamp impact of the hearth structure on the covering of Pre-Cretaceous...

The study focuses on programs for optimization of ambient air quality monitoring in residential areas in a large industrial center. The method for establishing the optimal number and location of sampling points and monitoring programs has been proposed and tested. The list of the chemical compounds to be controlled was determined by using the methodology of the population?s health risk assessment and spatial analysis of exposure levels and formed risk parameters on the basis of the geographic information systems. ...

The geological material on gold-platinoid mineralization of separate regions of Kazakhstan for the purpose of expansion of mineral resource base of precious metals of the Republic is collected and generalized. In East and South-East Kazakhstan there are large-volume complex gold-platinum deposits and ore occurrences in the black-shale strata of the Paleozoic, which are characterized by a relatively low metal content, large volumes of ore and large reserves of metals that require specialized scientific research. Th...

The aim of work was to evaluate the influence of the grown locality on heavy metal intake (Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Cd) from the soil to the soybean seeds. The research was realised in five different localities of Slovakia using the same soybean cultivar (Mentor). The total content of heavy metals and their mobile forms in individual soils was compared with the limit values according to Law 220/2004 and the European Commission (2006). In all soil samples the determined total content of Cd and in one locality als...

Currently, one of actual problems of exploration geology and mining, while estimating and exploiting mineral deposits, is to improve the accuracy and reliability of minerals contouring. This problem applies both to the deposit contouring in general, and to the contouring of various interested areas within ore bodies - waste rocks, various natural ore types and technological ore grades etc. In order to solve this problem, geostatistical method of spatial variable study - indicator variogram and indicator kriging is...

In the NW part of the Romania, there are geological conditions that allow to geothermal phenomena to manifest on the surface of the Earth. The limited exploitation of this energy resource is still limited by existing technologies and by the high cost of deep-water equipment. For a good image of the Romania's geothermal potential, we present, in our paper, the temperature map at 3000 m deep and the geothermal flow map on the surface. These maps were made with the Surfer program, based on the data obtained through d...

There have occurred significant changes in the world political stage over the last more than 20 years. Events of the recent decades have changed territory, economic, social, natural resource and environmental situation in Russia. Nowadays up to 70% of territory of the Russian Federation, nearly half of northern land areas of the globe are regarded as territory of the nordic region and the Arctic region. The notion ?Arctic region? (?Arctic zone?) has no distinct definition, it is frequently equated with the notion ...

During the last years, under Schlumberger brand, several methods have been refined for determining detailed characteristics of geological formations, as they are necessary in the assessment of shale gas potential based on drilling core investigations, wells diagraphies investigations, seismic investigations, and combination of all these. The correct determination of lithofacies of the cores leads to a quality diagnosis of shales reservoirs. The accurate mineralogy input is obtained by Litho Scanner in the sCore li...

The New Ecological Paradigm Scale is one of the widest used instruments in the assessment of environmental attitudes and there is a consensus in the scientific community on the validity of the scale. The scale allows measurement of five dimensions of the pro-environmental attitudes (the fragility of nature?s balance, the reality of limits to growth, antianthropocentrism, rejection of exemptionalism and the possibility of an ecocrisis). In this paper, we have analyzed the influence of age and gender variables on th...

The article focusses on ageing cycling infrastructure and issues of sustainability from the perspective of pavement management system and economic implications. Light cycling paths pavements are well suited to bear non-motorised traffic without suffering plastic deformations. Given that draining is maintained and adjacent vegetation is regularly cut, these pavements can perform well for very long periods. That said, the pavements still succumb to climatic effects acting on the pavement?s surfacing. Chemical proper...

Romanian economy is based, to a certain extent, on chemical industry and its approximately 300 SEVESO operators present on its territory. This situation implies numerous transports of raw materials or final products between operators in the chemical industry and/or other economic entities. A considerable number of cargos may consist in actual shipments of hazardous materials (HAZMAT), fact that can lead to an important issue: in Romania, a developing country, the current road transport infrastructure for dangerous...

The article presents standard and alternative methods of managing sewage sludge and the biodegradable fraction of municipal waste. The work focuses on sewage sludge and bio-waste not contaminated with heavy metals. The absence of the abovementioned impurities enables their processing that they can become a valuable product with high fertilizer value. In the work, special emphasis was placed on techniques similar to natural, i.e. composting and vermicomposting. These two methods are most widely described because th...

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an activated zeolite for ammonium removal in fixed-bed column. The influence of process parameters, such as activated natural zeolite quantity (1 - 6 g) and ammonium initial concentration (10 - 70 mg/L) was investigated. The experimental results were analyzed using the most common sorption kinetic models, such as Thomas, Adam-Bohart, as well Clark, by linear regression analysis in order to characterize the removal process. The obtained values showed th...

This paper presents a cross-sectional analysis of the noise inside the engine room of a commercial ship that navigates a section of the Romanian Danube segment. The noises of river ships are heard inside the ship by the crew as well as by the passengers, but also on the outside of the ship by the aquatic and riverside fauna. Determinations took place on a 6-bar pusher ship for 3 days, on the Danube, between 17 and 19 February 2018, on the route Braila (170 km) - Calarasi (km 365). On average, were made about 100 k...

A problem of determining the effect of pressure maintenance system is considered. We want to estimate the influence of each of the water pumps to each of the extracting wells. We propose a stochastic model of the oil field?s liquid flow, which is based on the Kalman filter model. It is loosely based on the filtering theory, and is designed to simplify the computations. We also propose a method to estimate the parameters of the model, which is a variation of the EM-algorithm. It is proved that this procedure conver...

The onshore field X is located in the Getic Basin of Romania, 100 km far from Bucharest. This 15km by 2km field was discovered by exploration department in the 1951 year. Following drilling of down-dip appraisal wells from 1951-1952, this field was established as one of the largest oil field in the Getic Basin, with more than 250 wells drilled. Based on the oil production, an Integrated Reservoir Study have been developed in 2019, in order to find new development opportunities for remaining oil in place. The wells...

The geological modeling is an actively developing area of petroleum geoscience. One of the limiting factors for geological modeling is the processing of input data, which is a routine process and can be automatized. The paper describes the screening for an effective approach and development of the workflow allowing automatical depth matching of well logs with the use of statistical methods of data analysis basing on the real set of wells. The purpose of this work is to study the machine learning algorithms applica...

Climate change and assessment of potential impacts to reduce it is one of the most pressing and priority issues on the agenda of the international community. Developing environmental assessment of alternative energy sources based on life cycle assessment (LCA) is a way to assess climate risks, because it contains the potential of global warming, and therefore allows calculating the carbon footprint of any energy source. However, to properly assess the environmental impacts of alternative energy source it is also i...

A survey carried out in October 2018 on Cricovului Sarat Valley, along a distance of about 5 km that crossed the Gornet-Cricov commune revealed few ecological aspects of this Subcarpathian area located in Prahova County, Romania. We inventoried the resources of vegetation and associated invertebrates, listing the most relevant taxons that populate the river banks. So far, representatives from 15 plant families (Adoxaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Plantaginaceae...

In order to produce crude oil three recovery techniques are used: primary, second and tertiary also known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Oil production in the Carpatian region is difficult due to the long-term production and significant depletion of reservoir energy. One of the methods that are considered to increase oil recovery factor is CO2-EOR. This method is based on carbon dioxide injection into oil reservoir in order to maintain reservoir pressure and modify physicochemical oil properties. Combination of t...

The decrease in fuel consumption for energy production occurs mainly due to the expense of domestic hard coal. This phenomenon is beneficial due to ecological reasons as well as due to short-term economic effects. Pollution of the natural environment in Poland by industrial plants has decreased, while sulfur dioxide emission has decreased. The greatest progress was achieved in reducing dust emissions by installing electrostatic precipitators with efficiency over 95%. The least progress has been made in reducing ca...

Generally, in Romania, the management of landfills is a major concern with regard to existing circumstances. Although the percentage of recycled waste is increasing, there are still many previously built landfills that are currently in the post-management phase. The negative impact of landfills is represented by leachate built-ups, that contains heavy metals and can pollute soil, groundwater and surface waters and endanger population?s health. European waste legislation requires closure of non-compliant landfills ...

The article presents the analysis of the environmental benefits from the optimization of urban traffic flow or from the measures to alleviate slow traffic flow (congestions). The environmental benefits are evaluated by assessing the decrease in the external costs due to the reduced emissions of such pollutants as carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The emissions of pollutants are estimated according to the calculations of fuel consumption. To asses the potential environmental benefits, th...

The article describes the results of implementation tracer studies at one of the complex fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir in the Republic of Tatarstan. Water injection in one well leaded to the water cut rise in one producer well then neighbor wells are insignificantly reacting on the pressure maintenance. On one hand low efficiency of water flooding in carbonates can be caused by hydrophobic properties of minerals like calcite and by heterogeneity of the void space including presence of fractures and caver...

Ability of farms to undertake investments greatly depends on the production potential, production scale and thus on an economic force which may be described as an ability to develop and grow. This force, called economic effectiveness, is measured with the level of income that should cover not only the costs of use of own production factors i.e. land, capital, and work, but also enable investing in new assets of a farm. Since, if it does not obtain such incomes, then it ceases investment purchases and after some ti...

Among the methods used in the management of municipal waste, one can distinguish, their combustion in installations for the thermal treatment of municipal waste (ITPOK). The advantage of this method implemented in modern installations is the reduction of the mass and volume of waste with simultaneous very efficient cogeneration of heat and electricity, while minimizing emissions. One of the possibilities of including ITPOK in the implementation of the Circular Economy idea regarding raw material recovery is the us...

The earthquakes are very complex physical phenomena characterized by violent or chaotic movements of the Earth's crust. Seismic engineering is one of the most important parts of building dynamics. From this perspective, the present work has as its first objective the analysis of the behavior of a structure in seismic action. The most important aspects of the seismic movement that define the purpose of this analysis are the effects on constructions, i.e. the stresses and deformations developed in the structural ele...

The paper presents an analysis methodology, based on artificial neural networks, for the influences of environment characteristics on generated wind power in Republic of Moldavia. The necessity to reduce the pollution, on one hand and the increasing energy consumption on other hand, leads to an extensive use of so called "renewable energy sources" between these the most targeted being wave and wind energy. For the countries without exits to seas or oceans - like Republic of Moldova is - the wind energy remain the ...

Since 1990, there have been changes regarding land use and land cover in Romania, due to the new socio-economic conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the landscape fragmentation in the Romanian Subcarpathian area, during the post-communism period, determined by anthropic activities in the context of new adopted regulations on agricultural land resources. We made a comparative study between Prahova Subcarpathians and Buzau Subcarpathians, characterized by similar geomorphological patterns but...

Sub-unit of the Moldo-Transylvanian Carpathians, the Ciucului Mountains are individualized in the central-southern part of them as a well-established mountain unit, limited to the west by the Ciucului Depression, with a total area of about 93720 hectares. As a whole, Ciucului Mountains, with its altitudes exceeding 1500 m, is wrapped in the form of a large isosceles triangle, based on the West, the Ciucului Depression, and a north-south ridge orientation as in general with the major structures of Carpathian Flis. ...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of natural disasters on the economic activity of companies by a modified DuPont model. The proposed modified DuPont model includes ratios for economic efficiency, profitability and financial autonomy. Usually the DuPont analysis model is used to evaluate the component parts of a company's return on equity (ROE). This allows an investor to determine what financial activities are contributing most to the changes in ROE. DuPont analysis divides ROE into its constituent co...

Despite the increase of awareness and government involvement, the potential of many European countries to develop bioeconomy is still at a low level. The concept of bioeconomy is rather abstract and largely untapped. Many factors, including insufficient involvement of stakeholders in developing bio-economics strategies, which probably stem from the lack of theoretical and practical knowledge that governs this concept, technological transfer and proper exploitation of current scientific research tools, contribute t...

In this study, the anomalous geomagnetic variation related to the moderate Vrancea earthquake (Mw=5.5) on 28 October 2018 was shown. This anomaly and its associated seismicity were analyzed and compared with a similar anomaly which occurred on October 2016- May 2017. To better distinguish the seismotectonic anomalies from external geomagnetic variations (geomagnetic storms), the datasets recorded at Muntele Rosu (MLR) located inside seismogenic zone were compared with datasets recorded at Surlari (SUA) located at ...

In Bulgaria, a promising method for creating underground gas storage is the use of aquifers. The main prerequisites are: the presence of reservoir systems with a favorable combination of permeable and shielding rocks; hydrogeological and thermobaric conditions marking the chemistry and dynamics of water, the phase state and the quantities of stored gas; the structural-tectonic conditions defining the type of the perspective traps and their architecture; Neo-Seismotectonic activity, determining the degree of seismi...

Integrating conventional well log interpretation with high-resolution borehole electrical image analysis enables a complex understanding of the geological formations intercepted by exploration wells. Whereas conventional geophysical well logs allow the determination of the main reservoir parameters and the fluids distribution, borehole imaging serves as a valuable tool in sedimentary features identification and interpretation, regional dip determination, structural and tectonic elements identification, as well as ...

The problem of intense water pollution by nitrogen and phosphorus compounds is very significant in the 21st century. The pollution is caused by the widespread application of traditional fertilizers in the cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, the research is carried out and the compositions of fertilizers similar in structure with glassy phosphate materials are developed. Inorganic materials, such as carbon fibers, graphite [1], porous glass, silica gel, are widely used for soil, wastewater and air purifica...

Obtaining reliable data on the ongoing risky geo-processes and obtaining adequate and reliable information about them on the current state of the Earth's surface is a key factor in tracking the origin and dynamics of landslide processes as well as assessing the resulting threats to the population and infrastructure. According to information provided by the national authority responsible for the monitoring and keeping track of the landslides over the past two years their number has almost doubled. This is the main ...

The paper describes the results of 1D geomechanical modeling in the territory of Akan oilfield in the Republic of Tatarstan, the Russian Federation. The data of sonic and density logging, which are the basis in the construction of the geomechanical model, were analyzed. The velocity and density properties of carbonate rocks in the study area are stable both along the section and the strike. Sonic waveform logging data were processed for a number of reference wells. The results of processing were taken as the basis...