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Blended learning has become an increasingly important pedagogical approach in GeoScience education, combining traditional field-based learning with digital technologies to enhance student engagement, flexibility, and professional competency development. Geosciences have historically relied on direct field observation, spatial interpretation, and hands-on environmental analysis as core elements of academic training. However, rapid technological advancement, digital transformation, and the growing need for sustainab...

Climate change has become one of the most urgent global challenges of the twenty-first century, affecting natural systems, urban environments, economic stability, food security, and social resilience. In this context, climate literacy has emerged as a critical educational priority, particularly within GeoScience education, where understanding Earth systems, environmental processes, and human-environment interactions forms the foundation of academic and professional training. Developing climate literacy involves no...

The rapid transformation of contemporary cities into smart urban systems has created new demands for geoscience education, requiring the integration of digital technologies, data-driven decision-making, and interdisciplinary urban analytics into academic and professional training. Smart cities increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, digital twins, and real-time environmental monitoring to address complex urban challenges...

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the ways geosciences are taught, learned, and applied in both academic and professional environments. From Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing to predictive environmental modeling, hazard assessment, climate analysis, and urban digital twins, AI has become an increasingly important component of geoscientific research and decision-making. As the green and digital transitions accelerate globally, higher education institutions a...

The growing complexity of environmental challenges, climate change, urban transformation, and sustainable development demands new educational models that move beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries in GeoScience education. In this context, STREAM education Science, Technology, Reading/wRiting, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics has emerged as an innovative pedagogical framework that promotes interdisciplinary learning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving competencies. By integrating scientific k...

Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) are emerging as one of the most transformative technologies in contemporary urban planning, environmental monitoring, and smart city governance. By creating dynamic virtual replicas of physical urban environments through the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), real-time sensor networks, and big spatial data, Urban Digital Twins enable advanced simulation, predictive analysis, and evidence-based decis...

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional higher education practices, particularly in GeoScience disciplines where fieldwork, site observation, and direct environmental interaction are essential components of learning. Travel restrictions, social distancing measures, and limited access to outdoor learning environments accelerated the adoption of digital teaching methods and created strong demand for alternative experiential learning models. Among these, Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) emerged as an inno...