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Indoor skydiving wind tunnels are highly energy-intensive installations, yet their environmental performance remains largely unexamined. This study develops a mathematical model to evaluate how on-site photovoltaics, battery storage, and potential regenerative braking can reduce the electricity cost and carbon footprint of a horizontal wind tunnel designed by Storm Adventures. The model integrates empirically measured fan-motor demand, long-term solar irradiance data for Liepaja, Latvia, and Monte Carlo simulation...

Access to affordable and reliable charging is emerging as a central equity challenge in the transition to electric mobility. While most EV charging in Europe occurs at home, this option is unavailable to many urban residents without private parking, who must depend on more expensive public infrastructure. This study compares everyday EV charging costs in London (United Kingdom) and Riga (Latvia), examining four representative EV user clusters with distinct daily mobility patterns. Using harmonised energy-demand pr...