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Anthropogenic activities involve extracting the transformation and use of natural resources. During the process of extraction of useful mineral substances on the surface or underground, particles or gases appear in the working environment resulting from the removal or natural release from the rock mass. The process of transformation of useful mineral substances is carried out on the surface in closed enclosures, and involves the use of complex technological processes. During these technological processes, gases, m...

In line with global trends and concerns regarding pollution and climate change, the transition towards non-polluting energy sources is on the rise, favoring clean/renewable energy while reducing reliance on fossil fuels, particularly coal. This shift is essential for lowering carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. Governmental efforts, through policies and regulations (such as carbon taxes and subsidies for renewables), focus on decarbonizing the energy economy. Meanwhile, companies are investing in renew...

The working environment specific to underground activity under normal operating conditions refers to the type and concentration of gases specific to the underground atmosphere (O2, CO2, CH4, CO, N2, CnHn), the humidity present in the underground atmosphere, the type and concentration of suspended dust, barometric pressure, air temperature, air speed, flow rates, etc. In order to know the normal environmental conditions specific to an underground workplace, specialized measurements and laboratory determinations are...

On the territory of Romania, there are large salt deposits grouped on either side of the Carpathian mountains. Made up of over 300 large salt deposits covering an area of about 30,000 km2. The Trotus mine within the Targu Ocna Saltworks Branch was opened and put into operation in 1971, with the objective of dry salt exploitation, using the mining method with small chambers and abandoned square pillars, with a vaulted ceiling. Currently, Salina Trotu? has 14 horizons: 2 at the level of the Pilot mine and 12 at the ...

In the last decade, at the global level, most countries have emphasized the reduction of energy consumption produced with the help of solid fuels, trying to reduce the volume of greenhouse gases and polluting gases by identifying new sources and methods of energy production that have a low effect on the environment and people. Romania is preparing to ensure energy security by producing electricity from renewable sources. Romania's medium- and long-term strategy will be influenced by the European Green Pact, which ...

Multiple crises in recent years, including the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the global energy crisis, the climate crisis, the decarbonization of the energy mix, the European Green Pact, the energy transition, the conflict in Ukraine, and the energy trilemma, have created the conditions for a new energy revolution. If the listed influencing factors, the sanctions imposed on Russian oil and gas as well as the confrontation with the components of the trilemma, energy security, minimal impact on the ...

The increase of the population also involve the increase of the consumption of raw materials. This requires the diversification and development of industrial processes in closed semi-enclosed or open spaces. The carrying out of human activities of an industrial nature involves the accidental use, handling or presence of explosive substances such as methane. The presence of this gas in closed or semi-closed spaces can generate explosion phenomena. The dynamics of methane discharge in closed enclosures, industrial o...

The carrying out of human activities of an industrial nature involves the use, handling or accidental presence of substances of a toxic nature such as carbon oxide. The presence of this gas in closed or semi-closed spaces can seriously affect the human body and when concentrations are high it can lead to death. Knowing how carbon oxide affects the human body and how it disperses into the air is very important for establishing preventive measures. Also, in order to establish the escape routes and the refuge areas, ...

The main role of ventilation systems and especially air conditioning systems is to create indoor conditions and air quality inside the rooms that are independent of external atmospheric influences. The sizing of ventilation systems and especially of air conditioning systems is done, in most cases, by considering the climatic elements as a basis for calculation. The real limit to air quality insurance it consists in maintaining in the air certain concentrations of harmful substances which do not endanger human heal...

In Oituz and Targu Ocna, the attestation of salt extraction was established during the Geto-Dacian period. The oldest written testimony dates from 1380. The mining works that serve the Trotus mine within the Tg. Ocna Salt Mine, are located in the Fetele Targului salt massif located near the town of Tg. Ocna, on the left side of the Trotus river. Currently, the Trotu? Salt Mine has 14 horizons: 2 at the Pilot mine and 12 at the Trotu? mine. The specialized 3D CANVENT program was used to establish the optimal distri...

Considering that the underground mining of coal is used mining systems that have a high degree of complexity, and can reach cumulative lengths of tens of kilometers, associated with them we have the ventilation networks with the role of transporting important air flows with the help of special ventilation systems. The aeration networks are made up of all the mining works on which air flows are carried. Structurally, they comprise nodes and branches. The nodes of an aeration network are generated by the intersectio...

Anthropic activities involve the extraction of the transformation and use of natural resources. During the process of extraction at the surface or underground of useful minerals, particles or gases resulting from the natural rocking or release from the rock mass appear in the working environment. The process of transforming useful mineral substances is carried out on the surface in enclosed enclosures, involving the use of complex technological processes. During the course of these technological processes, explosi...

The activity of evaluation and verification of industrial ventilation installations has a strong preventive role in terms of explosion risk mainly due to the fact that of the three determining elements that can lead to an explosion phenomenon, ventilation installations can determine the presence of two elements namely the presence of fuel (gases, vapors, dusts, mists) and the source of initiation (hot surface, flame, sparks of mechanical origin, electrical sparks, static electricity, etc.). The development of expe...

In Romania, the production of coal and lignite depends on the national demand for primary energy resources in the electricity production sector and on the available resources / reserves. Although it still plays an important role in the mix of electricity production and the safety of the National Energy System, especially in the winter, coal-fired electricity production is decreasing even this season. The considerations for which this situation was reached are: the programs for extractive industry reorganization an...

A ventilation system is defined by performing air exchanges between the indoor and outdoor environment with the purpose of creating environmental conditions as close to the required thermal comfort conditions. Before installing a fan, it is necessary to analyze the space in which it is to be used and the method of compensating the exhaust air (mechanically with another fan or naturally with dimensioned grids). The most important factors to consider when choosing a fan are: the volume of the space, the number of sh...

Healthy and safe working conditions underground, especially in areas with potentially explosive atmospheres depend mainly on the method of operation and management of the ventilation system. For underground extraction of coal are running a complex network mining vertical, horizontal and inclined role extraction, transportation and evacuation the surface. Associated system of mining works has the air network to ensure the oxygen necessary for workers, diluting explosive gases and toxic substances and preparations t...