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A standard imaging method in seismic data processing is the simulation of a zero offset section from seismic reflection data. In traditional imaging methods, e. g. NMO/DMO/stack, an accurate macro velocity model is needed. Common reflection surface (CRS) stack is a new data driven method, introduced in recent years which remove the necessity of making this model and just use the surface velocity to simulate zero offset section (2D) or volume (3D). In this article, we drive the CRS stacking on a synthetic data to o...

Regression analysis is a well-established method to correct for grain size differences in suites of sediments. However, distortion caused by the presence of outliers and imprecision in both variables can hinder many common regression models from performing adequately. Median sum of weighted residuals (MSWR) regression is strongly outlier-resistant and accounts for imprecision in both variables for each member of a dataset. In a case study of Ni and Pb normalization for a suite of stream sediments in NW Iran, the a...

Petrophysical evaluation is one of the important stages in petroleum exploration activities and reservoir analysis. When a log is missing in a drilling well, petrophysiests hope to deduce it from other logs available in another part of the well or in neighboring wells, in order to define true petrophysic evaluation for corresponding well. This paper presented here, is an artificial neural networks (ANNs) modeling in one of the carbonate reservoirs in the south west of Iran. In this study, three separate ANN are ap...

Fly rock is one of the reluctant phenomenon in blasting operation. Several factors are effective in producing fly rock. As a whole, these factors can be divided into two groups; controllable parameters (blasting pattern) and uncontrollable parameters (geo-mechanical characteristics). One of the most important controllable parameters in blasting operation is blast hole diameter. Proper diameter is the diameter which is optimum from technical and economical point of view. Normally, statistical methods can be used fo...

Within the scope of this study, Kuz-Ram and JKMRC fragmentation estimation models were applied to bench blasting operations and pros and cons of models were determined by comparing estimation results with the real fragmentation results obtained from digital image processing technique. On the other side, bench blast optimization method by means of models and digital image processing technique, is introduced in order to get desired fragmentation result from bench blast.

In this study, enrichment probabilities of Topraktepe (Yesildag-Beysehir) chromites by Multi Gravity Separator were investigated. Multi Gravity Separator tests were carried out using -106-75 $\mu$m particle size and 2500 g specimen. The results of beneficiation studies showed that concentrate containing 57.52\% Cr2O3 was obtainable with a 79.83 \% rate of recovery. The results of Multi Gravity Separator test demonstrated that high recovery and high grade concentrates have been obtained for 3 drum speed. The best r...

In this study, first the stability of a drilled well for oil production from a reservoir in the Asmary formation region of Iran using a finite different numerical method was assessed. Some sections of various well plunges were done. For each section, displacement, maximum major stresses, safety factor, and plastic zone condition around well using the mentioned numerical method were estimated. According to the results of the programme, summarized that the vertical well in relation to the horizontal well was in a be...

There are two methods fixed and real-time assignment for improving the performance of transportation through truck- shovel system in open pit mines. The real-time assignment (RTA) method is a better manner for optimization process of transportation system in open pit mines, especially in the complex transportation systems. The most significant objective of the RTA method is, introducing a transportation system which cause to increasing production per time and decreasing cost per ton. In this study, a software base...

In current paper the purposes of an environmental assessment are described and the method, through which the “Impacting Factors” and “Environmental Components” are determined, is also outlined. Then, according to the definition, possible scenarios, and matrixes of weighting factors, the algorithm which shows the relation between Impacting Factors and Environmental Components is determined. Furthermore, the derivation of matrixes and the method of environmental assessment are described. In order to compare ...

The Normalized Full Gradient (NFG) method was introduced in the mid of 1960s. This method generally uses for interpretation potential field data in order to detect gravity and magnetic anomalies. The NFG value represents the full gradient of the magnetic anomaly at a point divided by the average of the full gradient at the datum. The closed maxima on a NFG map indicate the occurrence and the horizontal locations of the centers of magnetic anomalies related to iron deposits. By means of this map, we can select bore...

Determination of mechanical parameters of rock materials and using them as an input data-base are important in rock engineering design studies. The standard test procedures to determine mechanical parameters of rocks have been developed and they have been applied for up to 40 years. But these tests require special samples and after preparation, the samples are tested by giving damage to them. The electrical conductivity method has been used to determine porosity, fault or discontinuity in rock mass without giving ...

In this paper a combined (hybrid) model of fix and flexible with its software were presented. In the model, initially the trucks assignment operation using the fix approach was done and in the end of trucks operation cycle in the flexible method, trucks dispatching method was started. Results of fix assignment method implementation in each transportation scheduling period were used in the mentioned software and finally the fitness and most suitable shovel and truck combined system for the real-time assignment was ...

This paper presents a study for leaching kinetics of chalcopyrite concentrate in acidic potassium dichromate solution. For this purpose effects of stirring speed in the range of 100-400 rpm, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in the range of 0.1-0.5 M, potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) concentration in the range of 0.02-0.1 M, leaching temperature in the range of 20-90В°C, particle size fractions of 212x106, 106x75, 74x45, 45x38 and minus 38 $\mu$m and solid/liquid ratio in the range of 10-200 g/L on copper dissolu...

Under similar conditions, surface mining is generally regarded to be more advantageous than underground mining. In the selection between surface and underground exploitation methods, there are a number of most significant factors must be briefly studied and determined. In this study, these factors were extensively studied and then considering effect of these factors on surface and underground mining, a comparison was done.

Peak particle velocity is the most important criterion for analyzing dangers resulted from ground vibration. According to the investigations, this parameter can independently indicate the possible damage and is proportional to it. Up to now, investigators have proposed many different formulas to calculate this parameter, but none of them are applicable for all areas and based upon regional conditions such as geological, technical, geotechnical, rock mechanical and so on, only one of these equations can be adopted....

The economical investigation is one of the most important stages in the mine planning, as it can be a useful guide in the mine exploitation. The iron ore district of Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) is located about 60 km south-west of the city of Sirjan, in the Kerman Province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Six anomalies are known and for about 10 years, Area 1 ore is mined and processed for the recovery of a dry as well as a wet concentrate. The proven reserves of Area 1 were about 265 million tonnes, whereas near to 100 mil...

Fluid inclusion application in epithermal gold exploration is based on the fluid inclusion characteristic and its relation to the mineralization. These characteristics include the type of fluid inclusions and different fluctuations in their micro thermometry measurement and chemical composition. In this regard, based on the micro thermometry measurements, the fluid inclusions in epithermal gold systems have the homogenization temperatures between 100-300 ВєC and the salinity of 5\% NaCl equiv. in average. Within t...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, T\"urkiye has caught the attention of...

In these report we represent the researches made by on original method for determination of the hydraulic friction factor in case of gas transport in gas distribution system. We made comparative analyses of results received by: the theoretical determination of the hydraulic friction factor, its experimental determination and the mathematic model of the process. The stend of experimental determination of aerodynamic loss is development. On the basis of the analysis and obtained result is defused a formula of analyt...

This paper summarizes potential modern technologies for large scale power generation based on lignite which should be used in Kosova. A part of the study was done to review modern power plant technologies currently available potential technical concepts for large scale power generation on lignite taking in account their high moisture contents. Reference is also be made to the importance of low rank coals-lignite in the international scene. The combination of the high moisture content and high reactivity of low lig...

Making macro velocity model is the most important part in any seismic data processing system. It is a very time consuming and none accurate step in conventional methods like NMO/DMO/stack. In this article, we drive a velocity model for a synthetic data with new introduced tomographic inversion method. This method uses the kinematic wavefield attributes which would yield from common reflection surface (CRS) stacked data. These attributes are normal (N) wave and normal incidence point (NIP) wave curvatures. The tomo...

Choosing a suitable method for a given ore-body is very important for the economics, safety and the productivity of the mining work. Ore excavation cost, as economic factor, have not influence on preliminary selection of mining method. Mining-geological factors and mining-technical factors have higher ascendancy in this stage of selection. It is very difficult to insulate one of these factors as the most significant. Today, the selection of a mining method is a multi-criteria decision making process, with many fac...

Few algorithms are available for economic optimization of stope boundaries and underground mining area. The algorithms may be classified as rigorous and heuristic. The rigorous algorithms are those which benefit from the mathematical proof and provide the true optimal solution according to the conditions and environment they are applied. The heuristic algorithms are based on searching for the optimal solution according to some rules. They may not guarantee to find the true optimum but provide the approximate solut...

Checking the quality of blasting is considered an essential matter in surface mining, and requires measuring objective parameters. One of these parameters is the results of the blasted product. Numerous fragmentation “measuring” systems have been developed and marketed, based on image-processing. In this study, the GoldSize system was used to determine the size distribution of rock fragments in Sarcheshmeh Copper complex mine, Iran. The effects of size of rock samples and imaging method on image analysis are i...

Sensitivity maturity analysis is being used mostly in finding the best fitting parameters for thermal modeling. The sensitivity of the models in Beglej- Kalenik area demonstrates the importance of heat flow history - subject to uncertainty due to complicated geology. The specific analysis includes patterns based on two models (complex and constant), which responses are studied with respect to possible variations. The paper is focused on the conducting sensitivity analysis of sediment thermal maturity, applying dif...

The Sungun porphyry copper deposit is located 75km northwest of Ahar in northwestern Iran. The Conditional Simulations, based on 31068 XRF rock analysis from the Sungun porphyry copper deposit have been applied to Geostatistical simulation. Statistical investigations reviled that, the Cu input data had single-population characteristics and obeyed a lognormal model. To carry out this geostatistical investigation, a spherical model was fitted over an empirical variogram. Plotting the empirical variogram in different...

The Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) Iron ore Complex is located in Kerman province of Iran, and is situated on the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, which has been played a large part in the history of the tectonics of Iran plate margin. Based on the modern exploration activities, six magnetic anomalies in this district have been recognized. Now a large-scale open-pit mine is being developed on this deposit. This paper aims to re-evaluate the pre-designed slope angles of Anomaly 1 of GEG Open pit. In the preliminary design the ...

Evaluation of stability of slopes is an important part of open pit mines planning and design due to economic and safety considerations. Slope failure can cause disruption to mine operations, loss of lives and damage to equipments. The different kinds and origins of discontinuities play a dominant role in the failure of rocks and hence in mine slopes stabilities. In this paper, the effect of mechanical properties of discontinuities on these phenomena is investigated. Angouran lead-zinc open pit mine is situated app...

This paper presents the results of ground vibration analysis induced by blasting during the construction of the Istanbul Kadık\"oy-Kartal metro tunnel. Different rock formations in this tunnel route which is 21,6 km in length were encountered during the excavation with blasting. As a first stage, Test site is divided into 3 main regions with respect to lithology changes in the rock units and Hoek’s Geological Strength Index value of these rock units. In the first region representing S8 shaft tunnels, 59 events ...

In the open-pit mining industry, trucks and shovels are the mining technology of choice; however, it is widely recognized that the operation of these trucks and shovels contributes significantly to the overall operation cost. Fortunately, there exist many opportunities to reduce the cost of the truck and shovel operation. Chador-malu iron ore mine has been exploited since 1997. This deposit is located in the North-East of Yazd province and reserve of this deposit is about 400 million tons. At present, there is a n...

In geochemical stream sediment surveys in Moghangegh Region in NW of Iran, sheet 1:50,000, 152 samples were collected and after analyze and processing of data, it is revealed that Yb, Sc, Ni, Li, Eu, Cd, Co, As contents in one sample is far higher than other samples. After detecting this sample as the outlier sample, affect of this sample was investigated in multivariate statistical data processing to investigate destructive effects of outlier sample existence in geochemical exploration. Pearson and spearman corre...

Vitrinite reflectance (\%Ro) analysis is the major method in definition of thermal maturity of sediments. The rock katagenetic alterations can also delineate the thermal history of well sections, structures, zones and sedimentary basins as shown in this case study for North Bulgaria. The well R-1 Dragana data modeling visualizes a local heat flow, temperature and vitrinite reflectance distribution in geological time. Additionally, the geohistory analyses define the exact period of oil and gas generation from persp...

The environmental problem of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is omnipresent on Earth, and their radioactivity may become concentrated as a result of human activities. Various industries produce concentrated radioactivity in their by-products: Mining originating industries such as the coal industries, petroleum extraction and processing and natural gas, mining enrichment waste, phosphate, etc. They have been well known and widely investigated. The EPA describes NORM wastes from the mining and process...

The geological and technological conditions of thick copper ore deposit extraction under the rock burst hazard are presented, based on an example of the new RG-9 room and pillar system. The results of rock mass behaviour surveys and observations during the trial exploitation are discussed as well as the system effect on deposit management.

The paperedeals with the results of an analysis of landscape element changes, such as forests, water areas, agricultural areas, built-up areas, anthropogenic shapes in the selected area. The applied method makes use of the possibilities of Geographical Information Systems, terrain observation, documentation and study of archives. The starting time period for which the landscape character analysis was carried out is the year of 1946 (military aerial photos) and the present time (maps). The research is localized in ...

One of the most critical and complicated steps in mine design is to select an suitable mining method based upon geological, geotechnical, geographical and economical parameters. Since there are many factors involved for the selection of mining method, which is decision-making process, the problem is very difficult to solve. In this paper, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with 18 criteria is used to develop a suitable mining method for the Reza Abad ballclay \& bauxite ore dep...

The world’s 65\% or 70\% oil reserves are concentrated sedimentary basins in the Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE and Qatar) of the Middle East. Gulf States producers accounted for 24.7 \% of the world oil supply in 2005 and this share of supply will grow to 51,8 \% in 2030. However, the Middle East has a multitude of oil exploration and production problems closely interlinked to each other and originating from regimes problems, market problems, technology and know-how transfer obstacles. Oil s...

Mine design is dependent upon two categories of data as layout and operations. Layout data are related mainly with the geomechanical and geometrical properties of ore and rock masses. This group of data has an effect to define the geometrical variables of the layout and the operating characteristics of the possible system. Mine design processes suffer mainly from obtaining reliable and adequate data. Operational research methods have been extensively assisted by design engineers to overcome the difficulties relate...

The concept of constructing the industrial wastes storage in the rooms after salt mining in the „Polkowice-Sieroszowice” mine, which is currently considered by KGHM POLSKA MIEDZ S.A., would allow for disposing about 50 000 tons of wastes per year. These wastes are arduous for the environment and at present there are not other methods of their utilization than just storing them in the surface waste management facilities. These wastes have physical, chemical and toxic properties allowing to store them undergroun...

The importance of the influence of temporary rail ways is deduced on the most essential indicator in open cast mining – the productivity of heavy mining mechanization and it is shown how this can be used in practice and through organizing the whole mining process. Also it can be used when corrections through the exploitation of the mine are needed.

Expenses for maintenance of mine roads at any moment depend on volumes of road surface, needed for laying at the same moment, to transform roads into a usable condition. A method is presented for their quantitative determination toward a series of consecutive moments and principles of statistical modeling are applied for determining the regularities of change of expenses with the time.

One of the main factors that has a great influence over mining production is ore quality management. What is the goal of the real management – forming optimal structures with determinated quality, keeping their quality level during the extractive works and consumption controlling. All these are based on delibaretely influence over different conditions, factors and other specifications of surveying, production preparation, final extraction and procession. The real quality management is focused mainly on mine tran...

It’s proposed a processing of information the condition of rocks-pliable support system to be introduced by means of statistical methods.A concrete example is adduced. The possibilities of such consideration on the basis of mining conditions obtained data are pointed out.

An option is discussed for creating goal functions for optimizing the expenses for maintenance and repair of mine roads by the means of hyperbolic functions. A transition is presented of the selected hyperbolic functions to a function of decimal liner character and the goal functions are solved parametrically for main betweenrepair schemes.

An attempt is developed for a new view on the issues of mine auto-roads in opencast mining in consideration of modern tendencies and consequences, accepted as irrevocable requirements. Important directions are outlined for studies and investigations.

Expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine auto-roads in opencast mining is neither planned nor managed. There are opportunities for significant reduction of those expenses in case regularities of change of expenses for current maintenance of are known and adequate between-repair schemes are applied.

Goal functions – economic-mathematical models for minimizing the average annual expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine roads are composed and solved. The models are composed of polynomial functions. Results are presented from the practice of mines “Vitren” EAD and “Opencast mining” – Pernik, EAD.

Paste backfill was first developed by Preussag at the Bad Grund Mine. Filtered tailings were combined with 30 mm heavy media separation tailings to produce a paste backfill. These ingredients were combined and mixed on surface and pumped to the underground mine using two Putzmeister concrete pumps working in parallel. Dry cement was added to the paste mixture just prior to being placed into the stope. The resulting fill then formed the roof for the next cut using an undercut and fill mining method. The experimenta...

Exponential functions are very effective for describing the regularities of change of expenses for maintenance of mine automobile roads. The solution of goal functions in their parametrical type is interesting as economic mathematical models are often constituted of goal functions.