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One of the most effective ways to interpret the geological setting of a deposit is building its 3D model. Presenting data in form of a 3D model enables quick and convenient access to relevant information, facilitates taking decisions associated with deposit management and helps plan mining operations. With a model of the geological setting of a deposit it is possible to prepare different variants of a coal mine model as well as type of mining technology, to tackle work-related safety issues and to achieve optimal ...

Optimization plays a key role in various fields of science specially engineering to simplify the decision making process. Long-term production scheduling (LTPS) of open pit mines is a large-scale optimization problem to determine the block extraction sequence to maximize the net present value considering technical, economic constraints. For many optimization problems, finding the best solution is intricate and time-consuming. In such cases, a combination of mathematical methods and meta-heuristic techniques provid...

Long-term production scheduling (LTPS) is an important and vital part of the planning process of open pit mines. It defines an extraction sequence of the mineralized material that produces maximum possible net present value (NPV) while satisfying a physical and operational constraints. LTPS of open pit mines is a large scale and intricate optimization problem that has been widely discussed in the technical literature since 1960s. Production scheduling problems are NP-hard and there is a need to improve the plannin...

The comprehensive description of ground motions induced by seismic and paraseismic phenomena requires collecting data of six components of seismic wave. Three of them, so-called translational waves, comprise two horizontal and one vertical ground motions. These types of ground movements have been well identified and investigated. Unfortunately, until recently, the remaining three components named as rotational waves were generally estimated with the use of indirect methods based on recorded translational ground mo...

The long field development period requires integrated approaches both to updating of geological information and implementation of production enhancement operations. The analysis of available literature about reservoirs with similar conditions in Russia and abroad made it possible to identify a pool of technologies related to improved oil production. An approach to comparative analysis of the effectiveness of applied technologies was offered. In the course of the look-back analysis of production enhancement operati...

Site assessment using risk-based methods differs substantially from traditional Quantity-Distance siting. It allows for complex evaluation that considers additional factors such as facility design, the number of individuals exposed to the hazard, and the annual probability of an explosive event based on the activity. All of this factors are risk contributors and must be aggregated into a cumulative risk number that represents actual risk. The number representing cumulative risk is extremely useful when compared to...

Transport and environment rank among current global problems as the transport and the environment are closely interconnected. The environmental impact of all types of transport is manifested in various forms, such as noise, environmental pollution by harmful substances, soil demand, etc. These issues are rather complex, and the solution thereof is even more complicated. The current situation in the transport of materials is characterised by increased performance of means of transport and the reduction of their neg...

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system build to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and display all kinds of spatial or geographical data. GIS can also be used in the mining sector, to manage various mineral resources or to manage the exploitation of different minerals. This enables us to have in disposition all data, to all ore deposits and exploitation places, at one location and at the same time, enabling viewing, reading and printing those data that interest us. Having the data of dif...

Terotechnica is an interdisciplinary science that competes in the development of technical and technological documentation for: assembling, commissioning, maintenance, repair, upgrading new spare parts, worn-out parts repairs, organizing specific activities and effective feedback on systems industrial. It may be given the definition of maintenance technique. Terotechnica systems must be organized in such a way as to meet the intended purpose of maintaining functional parameters with minimal expenses and short-term...

The requirements imposed by Regulation (EC) 2003/2003 on fertilizers and those set out in Annex III of the Regulation, require tests and physico-chemical analyses for high ammonium nitrate-based chemical fertilizers. The physicochemical properties of ammonium nitrate, as well as a number of factors influencing the sensitivity to detonation, underline the importance of the thermal conditioning of ammonium nitrate according to temperature in terms of detonation risk. The RENAR accredited laboratory test on nitrogen-...

This article argues that dynamic capabilities are a special type of specific resource embedded in the organizational structure of an enterprise, the purpose of which is to increase the productivity of using other resources available to the enterprise. By definition, dynamic capabilities, along with resources, can generate enterprise profits or act as a source of economic rent, due to the effective management of available potential. Therefore, this article attempts to assess the contribution of dynamic capabilities...

Drilling equipment is subjected to accidental loads with fairly high amplitudes in the process of operation. Classical methods of probabilistic calculation of machine parts do not allow estimating their elements failure probability, taking into account the real operational data obtained by means of telemetry, in the case where these data cannot be described by standard distribution laws. The proposed technique is based on the use of nonparametric statistics methods, resulting in freedom from these limitations. All...

The existing methods of underground mining of ores in world practice are characterized by the maximum simplification of the preparation and cleansing schemes, the desire for high intensification of mining operations. However, the high irregularity of the bottom of the block, as well as the long period of its operation, especially with systems with collapse and areal ore production, when mining steep extensive heavy-duty deposits, impose certain restrictions on the design and parameters of delivery and cutting hori...

The purpose of the research is to assess the current condition of and determine ways of solving the problem related to the improvement of management of subsoil use processes and objects from the standpoint of interests of the state, business and society. The applied methodology is based on the study of the main provisions of official laws and regulations and policy documents, the application of methods for collecting, processing and analyzing information related to this topic, the demonstration of actual performan...

Among different types of hazards associated with underground mining in Polish copper mines, one of the most dangerous is rock burst hazard. Having in mind that the depth of exploitation is getting deeper, this problem will likely get worse in the near future. This kind of hazard is connected inherently with seismic events. Controlled group blasting within a potentially unstable roof stratum is considered as an active method of rock burst prevention. A number of recorded seismic events can be clearly and directly e...

The strength chart of rocks is an important characteristic in the development of minerals, the design of various geo-engineering structures. In its construction, the strength data of laboratory mechanical experiments are used, which include indirect or direct tensile, uniaxial compression, and triaxial compression according to the Karman's scheme. The necessary minimum information is the data from the first two types of test. Mohr-Coulomb circles are constructed for each specimen in the coordinate system "shear st...

Explosive mixtures generated in technological installations by processing, handling and storage are generally complex and in many cases cannot be assimilated with existing specific data. When ignited, they can burn rapidly and result in a considerable explosion force, when in mixture with air in proper proportions. Therefore, for establishing with certainty the requirements of the technical equipment which can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres generated by air / combustible dust mixtures, it is necessar...

Any industrial company ? either mining raw materials or making an industrial product ? needs employees. Qualified and satisfied employees do their work well; they keep working with their company for a long time and strive for improving and innovations in production. The competence of employees arises from many factors ? one of them is a financial rating. This rating consists of wages and other benefits provided by employers. In the Usti nad Labem region (the Czech Republic), there is a problem to find and retain e...

Conveyor belt and especially its cover is viscoelastic material, which means that it combines viscous and elastic properties at the same time. In calculation of motion resistance, mainly in indentation rolling resistance, equivalent lateral stiffness of belts if necessary. To determine this value the distribution of compressive stress (both, in cover and cord) should be analysed. In mine conditions compressive stress in cord disappears gradually and top cover do not take part in cyclical compression. To calculate ...

Simulation of breathing processes in training complexes to improve the realism and efficiency of training is of great practical and scientific importance. This paper examines the process of computer modeling of the mixing process of the gas mixture in the simulator of the device in the flow stream of the gas cooling coil in the respiratory tracts. According to the results of the calculations, it is concluded that the simulator can smooth the fluctuations in the input concentration of the target component, ensuring...

Given their wide spectrum of utilizations, the interest for mapping new reserves and prospective areas of useful rocks becomes crucial. On the Romanian territory the natural occurrence of useful rocks is widely spread on the foreland zone, and on the Carpathian structures. These rocks have multiple uses in constructions and various other civil/industrial sectors. Besides being used as raw material in buildings, roads and a variety of miscellaneous engineering works, depending on their petrographic type, these usef...

This paper presents a two-level stochastic scheduling tool. The proposed tool determines the optimal location and size of different schedules through a long-term scheduling as well as the optimal operation strategy for schedules through a short-term scheduling. The proposed scheduling tool considers distributed resources, physical and operational constraints, and blocks as candidates for the extraction. One of the key characteristics of the introduced scheduling is its ability to tackle the two schedules through s...

ABSTRACT The specialized software packages dedicated to mine planning and design activity developed greatly in the past years. In order to take advantage of this software evolution, the available geospatial data, the information about the geology of the deposits, the surface morphology and the open pit models which are accessible in classic format, on printed paper, all the information must be converted in digital format for fitting in dedicated digital databases. The paper presents the steps taken in this digitiz...

The expense of restoring of excavators cutting bodies is increasing these days in the Most Basin area, primarily the replacement of tooth because of abrasion expense. The main reason is the complicated geological situation of overburden rocks, first of all the occurrence of sands and hard structures in the overburden cuts rocks in the deep horizons of open pit mines. The main target of this article is the brief description of realised research. It is design of the optimum methodology of bucket tooth cutting body h...

Application of rubber at higher temperatures requires sufficient heat resistance. The experimental research was carried out with the rubber intended for use at higher operating temperatures as gaskets for caps in mining. The intakes during the operation of the rubber gasket are accompanied with physical as well as chemical changes that lead to thermal degradation of the material. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, Shore hardness, and abrasion resistance) of the examined type of rubber were de...

The stress state of a rock mass close to the Vostochniy open-pit, Olimpiadinskoe gold deposit, was studied with relief methods in the end-face measurement variant. The studies were performed at three observation stations within one engineering-geological rock block and identified the gravitational-tectonic type of acting stress field. The maximum component of the principal stresses is subhorizontal and acts in the zone of influence of the open-pit excavation parallel to the open-pit contour. Reconstruction of the ...

Calculation of motion resistance of belt conveyor shown underestimation in comparison to results of conducted measurements. The main component of motion resistance for conveyors longer than 80 m are primary resistance. Furthermore, indentation rolling resistance can generate more ten half of them. Disproportion between measured and calculated values can be determined by the component which is predominated. This indicated the need to verify theoretical method of determining rolling resistance. To improve calculatio...

Research discussed in the present article is focused on the determination of the mining rail transport capacity while applying two approaches. The first one - a conventional one, is a calculation of capacity while using known mathematical formulas. The second one - an experimental approach, identifies the capacity on the basis of simulation application, as the simulation has remarkable potential also in terms of further research in the given area. The simulation model was created in EXTENDSim, a product of Imagine...

More than fifty per cent (56.7%) of total energy consumption of oil industry falls on the artificial lift operations. In recent years, the share of wells producing high-viscosity oil has been continuously increasing. It is common knowledge that these wells require high energy demand. Considering that the majority of these wells use downhole sucker rod pumping units, well performance improvement is the priority task. At present, balance of active energy consumed by motor at rod upstroke and downstroke is used as an...

The article describes the principles of construction of training complexes designed to practice the skills of using individual respiratory protection. Design, optimization and implementation of training complexes requires analysis and formalization of their structure, development of methodological and algorithmic support. In order to solve the problem of developing a virtual training complex, the article proposes a methodology for building software systems that model the structure of physical objects and algorithm...

In the last three years the research program was conducted in the Czech Republic, which was aimed on the in-situ penetration tests results interpretation. Geotechnical engineers and statisticians from academic environment and engineering geologists from private companies dealing with geological survey were incorporated into the research team. The main objective of the research was to improve methodology of interpretation the dynamic penetration test (DPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) records. This was achieved ...

Industrial ventilation requires a deep knowledge of fluid dynamics, heat dissipation, flow of complex fluids, steady state and transient conditions, operating problems, contamination inside and outside of installations, etc. In the field of industrial ventilation, the conditions of the indoor environment, called the indoor air quality and the exposure of employees to them, are very important. In industrial installations, the emission regime for contaminants may be 10-100 times higher than in non-industrial install...

The diagnostics of residual service life of key industrial products is essential in real technical operations. The diagnostics facilitates reliable monitoring of real-time state of the equipment and thus ensures its safety. Steel structures in heavy machinery are used for brown coal mining and require high purchase investments. That is why the diagnostics of these structures is so important. Each equipment failure represents a considerably high loss of mined volumes and thus also the financial loss. It is therefor...

Fans are such simple and common equipment, that we tend to underestimate their importance, giving them our attention only when their performances are not meeting our criteria. General mechanical ventilation is typically carried out by two co-operating installations: one for the inlet of fresh air into the room or technological space, and the second for absorbing the vicious air. Both fresh air and the evacuation of the air, the fans must be equipped with a diffuser. When the fan blows freely into the atmosphere wi...

Conveyor belts are used for conveying both loose and lump materials in surface mines. During their transport, especially in the places of pouring these materials, where the material is crushed due to a large impact height, a large amount of dust is generated. This makes problems in the actual operation due to fire or explosion hazards, and also by fouling up the vicinity of conveyor belts and transfer points. The resulting dust also poses a threat to the health of operators. Most of the resulting dust accumulates ...

A prerequisite for reliable and efficient mining planning is the presence of reliable information on the spatial placement of geological indicators of the deposit area planned for mining. The integral estimation of this information is finally shown as geological study of deposit area, which directly or indirectly affects the indicators of mining and processing of mined mineral raw materials. In this article, in order to estimate the geological study of a deposit area planned for mining, its geological and economic...

An effective method to enhance productivity of gas drainage wells in gas-bearing coal seams is hydraulic fracturing. Proppants are usually used in the hydraulic fracture to maintain its aperture, long conductivity and gas recovery from developed coal seams. In the paper the experimental results of gas permeability of the solid coal cores, coal specimens with non-propped and propped artificial longitudinal fractures are presented. The data were received for different stress conditions: effective stress varied from ...

The involved geological structure of the Bilina Mine complicates mining of overburden materials and it is necessary to make movement of the large mining machines in the risk zones safe, so that they are not endangered. A lot of risks is connected with mining and some of them can be categorized as so-called uninfluenced risks. Areas broken by tectonic processes or strongly inclined layers on overburden cuts are such hazards. Those in quarrying negatively affect mining in many aspects. Due to a landslide there is a ...

Mining operations performed within the northern part of of deep copper Polish mines are associated with a relatively thick (up to 200 m) and broadly extended salt rock stratum. Since in the above area of planned copper ore exploitation large salt chambers exist and new ones will be mined-out, their safe dimensions have had to be found. The understanding of the mechanism of interaction between the workings? elements such as pillars and immediate roof strata excavated within the salt-rock body, required developing a...

Modern trends in open-pit mining in the extractive industry are mainly due to the safety and efficiency of the development of mineral deposits. At the same time, one of the main problems of open mining is the providing of guaranteed stability of the slopes and, in general, the pit walls. Extraction of deposits in extreme conditions with a high degree of geological and structural uncertainty and technological activity significantly reduces acceptable levels of both technological and financial risks. In this connect...

The classification of mineral resources in Poland is based on the reporting system developed in 1941 in the USSR and implemented in the middle of the 20th century in Poland as a legal norm. This norm is the Geological and Mining Law (PGG, 2011-last update), which contains guidelines for mineral deposits resources/reserves estimation and reporting, including hard coal, based on the cut off criteria and level of confidence. Polish resources classification differs from the international classification used, but may b...

Schemes of cleaning-up deep iron ore deposits using open pit mining method from mining-capital operations and land saving perspective are analyzed. It was established that the cleaning-up of border reserves with a pit side separation is expedient in the operation of shallow open pit mines. Cleaning-up of open pit mines with an increase in the resulting angle of slope of the side at the partial abandonment of transport communications is expedient at the transition stage from the auto truck-rail transport to the aut...

The paper presents the results of studies of the coal microstructure. The presence of cleavage and the normal or strike nature of the stress state of the coal seam leads to the e longitudinal fracturing (along the borehole) orthogonally to the coal bedding. With the reverse nature of the stress state, the orientation of the fracture depends on the direction of drilling the well. In this case, the crack can be formed both along and orthogonally to the bedding. The results were used to analyze the effect of hydrauli...

Drilling and blasting operations are one of the most important mining processes in open pit mines which encompass the crucial part of mining costs. Today, despite the development of mechanized drilling in surface mining, blasting operation has remained as an inseparable part of mining operations in most open pit mines. This paper tries to develop a mathematical model for finding an optimal length and width of the blast block for minimizing drilling and blasting costs in open pit mines. With the approach, the most ...

Today a sufficient number of analytical methods for determining extraction indicators for geotechnologies that produce broken ore has been developed. At the same time, they are characterized by certain difficulties, mainly due to the restriction in more fully taking into account the structural (geometrical) complexity of the production horizon and loading points. Therefore, the numerical simulation of the outflow of bulk material by discrete element method is becoming increasingly important to improve the reliabil...

In the mining industry, open pit mining is accompanied by the most significant disturbances in the landscape and hydrological conditions of the development area and disturbed or complete loss of soil cover over large areas. With the existing technology of stripping works, reclamation of disturbed lands is carried out separately and requires additional costs for its implementation, and in most cases is not carried out, which has led to a tendency of accumulation of disturbed lands. Currently, reclamation of disturb...

The use of development systems with open mined-up space due to increased technological risks associated with ensuring the sustainability of the rock mass. The main production technique that improves the safety of refining operations under these geotechnologies in the conditions of considerable depths is a multiple increase in the size of various types of pillars, leading, in turn, to a significant increase in mineral loss. Today, the mining situation of most steeply dipping polymetallic and gold deposits is due to...

This article describes the possibility of using lever hoists for handling loads in extracting mineral deposits of the Earth. Hoists and jacks are generally used for the lifting and towing of loads, for assembly and handling works in the construction industry, mining and other sectors of heavy industry. They are characterized by a simple but robust construction that is resistant to rough handling. Furthermore, they offer simple operation and minimum maintenance requirements. Lever hoists are offered on the market i...

In open pit mining operations, production scheduling is a hierarchical process for optimization of extraction capacities, resource allocations and types of ore dispatches. Production scheduling deals with equipment capacities, time periods, reserve constraints, wall slope restrictions, ore grade averages and feed controls to mill over a reasonable long-term schedule. Its results then form the inputs of short-term functions more detailed such as scheduling and to control at a lower level which usually has more accu...

The research in coal deposit management from the lignite open pits can be developed in various directions, considering the number of practical situations which may occur in various domains of economic activity. The organization of the deposits to ensure the efficiency of the entire activity from the coal open pit assumes the optimization of transports, the removal of material losses during the coal storage, the intensive use of production capacities, the general decrease of storage and dispatching expenses for pro...