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The value of wood is only, if it has good appearance as well as mechanical and physical properties. During tree's life, it is influenced by various factors, the effects of which changes wood properties causing different damage to tree stem. Wood defects are caused by biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Defects of tree stem arising from non-parasitic origin occur on the stems, branches and roots. In total, 86 pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce were surveyed, but this study includes only 11 young forest s...

In the past decades Romania?s forest habitats suffered from human activity impact, resulting in loss of biodiversity and ecosystems services, thus highlighting the need for improved conservation measures. In 2008 the IUCN initiated a global Red List of ecosystems (Resolution 4.020, IV World Conservation Congress in Barcelona). The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is planned to be a standard for assessing the status of ecosystems, which is applicable at local, national, regional and global level. In this article highlig...

Annually natural resources are disappearing more and more, particularly it concerned forest resources. Furniture, houses, carpentry and etc. are made from wood. Scientists gradually try to find options for replacing forest resources, produce products from other materials, but forest areas are declining. every year. For conservation and rational forest usage, it is necessary to change needs for certain assortments and harvesting of natural wood in the future, and it will be achieved by forest consumption optimizati...

The conversion of forest to pastoral and agricultural management has important implications for carbon storage in soils. The stationary conditions of Neamtu catchment is characterized by an altitudinal difference between 270 - 1523 meters, 418 sq. km surface area, with notable differences of morpho-lithological, climatic, hydrological and biogeographical conditions reflected in both soil diversity and carbon content differences. This study aimed at calculating and comparing the estimated soil carbon stocks in diff...

The article presents the exposure of forestry activities in the most deforested counties of Romania пїЅ Suceava County. We have conducted a local economic research based on the forestry activities from that county. The database used in this research consists from the National Classification of the Economic Activities, codes at 4-digit level for each territorial administrative unit. The article focuses on the particular situation from the deforested communes: CпїЅrlibaba, Poiana Stampei, Iacobeni. It also presents ...

Aromatic and medicinal plants are an important source of antimicrobial molecules, especially in volatile extracts. The genus Thymus is considered among the richest general in secondary metabolites. In this context, this work examines on the study of the extraction of the organic compound by steam soxlhet of a species endemic Thymus numidicus from Bouira. These naturalsпїЅ substances are recovered by differents solvents; aqueous, ethanolic, and methalonic. On the other hand, the determination of the antimicrobial a...

Gridded climate data are valuable source of information that can be used in various fields of environmental studies. One of the example is dendroclimatological analysis, where climatic data are essential part of the study. These data are especially useful when there is a lack of weather station data for the study area, the available data are incomplete or their time span is insufficient. However the accuracy of gridded data can be sometimes questionable. In this study gridded data planned to use in dendroclimatolo...

This paper presents the possibility of using landscape metrics in the process of modeling vulnerability analysis of landscape qualities that should be protected when considering spatial decisions about its future land use. Modeling was carried out on the lower part of Krka River basin, in the Mediterranean part of Croatia. This area is under protection as a significant landscape according to the Croatian Nature Protection Act and it was chosen due to heavy developmental pressures that have resulted and still threa...

The paper deals with applying of the biogeographic model of climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones in the Czech Republic to forest management strategy under predicted climate changes. The biogeographic model which was developed at Palacky University Olomouc is based on climatological prediction data for the time period 2010 - 2100 according to Representative Concentration Pathways regional scenarios and geobiocoenological data related to forest vegetation zonation. As results presented, climatic conditions...

The paper deals with applying of the GIS tool пїЅgap analyseпїЅ in order to assess the effectiveness of protected areas in floodplain forests conservation in the Czech Republic. European floodplains have been significantly influenced by human activities in the past. Despite of it floodplain forests are important biodiversity refugees and thus these forests habitats are in the focus of conservation efforts. Currently, the Natura 2000 network increasingly supports biodiversity conservation in Europe. Based on result...

The populations of the native silver lime species (Tilia tomentosa Moench.), one of the most important forest tree species in Western Romania, Caransebes area, show strong vitality and a large morphologic variability. The present carried out research would like to contribute to explaining some aspects of the genetic diversity. The extension of silver lime, during the last decades, in the Caransebes area natural forests (by natural regeneration) seems to be a visible issue in the present-day climate change context....

Nowadays, deforestation process in Romania is in a growing trend considering the need for wood in industrial process, the fast rate of illegal logging and the need for lands in agriculture. Forest areas are subject of an increase pressure from socio-economic factors. Wood is used frequently as construction material and combustible. We investigated the evolution of forest areas in North-East Development Region and the incomes in economy related to forest activities (sylviculture and other forestry activities, loggi...

Due to the growing importance of forest changes and water management as factors influencing hydro-sedimentary dynamics and hydrological services, the analysis of the forest пїЅ water links may prove to be relevant for creating joint and adequate management schemes for these ecosystems. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the possible influences upon the hydro-sedimentary dynamics in the upper basin of Jiu River (2540 km2), induced by the changes in forest cover between 2000 and 2012. The relationship bet...

Today, the need for resources is growing based on the replacement of forest areas by areas used for economic and agricultural activities. The present study means to identify the changes in land use cover and forest areas between the changes made by the economic activities and aridity indexes, characterized by high temperatures and low quantities of precipitations in Southwestern Romania. This region is affected by high temperatures and low precipitations in July and August, growing urban areas and necessity for ag...

Rhythmic climate changes determine the necessity to refer to long time series to detect low-frequency vibrations of climatic parameters and their influence on the growth processes in ecosystems. Dendrochronological research of pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd) in forest communities of the foothill forest-steppe (250-350 m a.s.l.) and core samples of buried wood in comparison with modern and reconstructed climatic conditions was carried out. The purpose of work was to develop regional tree-ring chronologies f...

The preserved complex of forest stands of the beech up to the spruce forest vegetation level mainly of primeval forest character within the National Nature Reserve ZadnпїЅ Po?ana has been a part of the core zone of the Biosphere Reserve Po?ana within the project пїЅHuman and BiosphereпїЅ of the UNESCO organisation since 1990. Also these forest stands are being influenced to a great extent by abiotic and biotic harmful agents, which negatively affect their health and further development. Since the late 1990s, the N...

The floodplain forest ecosystems have the unique biodiversity despite of long-term human alternations of floodplain landscapes. The priorities of nature conservation in central European floodplains currently aimed to coppice and standard-with-coppice forest stands, which are relics of historical ways of forest management. This paper deals with a proposal of management strategy for floodplain forests in the Czech Republic. A management strategy which would compromise the commercial interests of production of renewa...

The paper presents the results of the research of horticultural dendroflora of the park located in the city center of Tuzla. By the mutual action of a series of natural-geographic factors in the wider area of Tuzla that belongs to the contact zone of the internal Dinarides and Pannonian lowlands, different types of soil have evolved. The most commonly are automorphic soils, which are up to 75% of the surface. The area of Tuzla City has the highest population density in the Tuzla Canton, that is 555 inh/ km2. The r...

Forests are the most natural sites, associated inseparably with the landscape of Poland. They perform a variety of functions: ecological, protective, economic and social. All of these functions are based on proper forest management. Forests occupy 28% of the countryпїЅs area, with state-owned forests accounting for 78 percent and private forests for 17 percent. Compared to the neighbouring countries, the part of the area of Poland covered by forests is small. Uneven distribution of forests in the country, the smal...

Hardwood forest stands in Latvia serves mainly recreational purposes, as well as ensuring biological diversity. Ash stands in 2015 were occupied 0.4% of the total (2923515 ha) forest area. This proportion have been made up from the dominant tree species registered in the State Forest Register. The research was conducted in the pure and mixed stands (other species admixture up to 30%), selecting middle-age (44, 47 years) and mature (66, 67 years) stands with a density of 0.7. For data collection, were installed 16 ...

Having a surface of more than 17000 ha, Caransebe? Experimental Basis, of National Institute for Research and Development for Forestry, is the biggest experimental basis from Romania having in their experimental and administration areas, forests from plain to mountains, between 200 and 1600 meters altitude. Having good condition for vegetation of most important European forest species, Caransebe? Experimental Basis is an important managed area, where silver lime can found good condition of vegetation and where alt...

Geographically, the studied area is located in the north-central part of Valcea county, including the piedmont and mountain area of the Capatanii Mountains and also a part of the hilly region of the Oltenia Subcarpathians, including the forests located in the upper basin of the Govora river. By phyto-climatic point of view the forests of this area belong at two categories: F.M.1 + F.D.4 пїЅ mountain-piedmont area of beech and F.D.3 пїЅhilly evergreen beech area and beech-sessil oak area. The researches were made i...

Dynamics of an ecosystem implies any changes in area borders location and replaces in the initial species composition. Generally, dynamics occurs under the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. They always act together, diminishing or intensifying each other. The authors consider phenomenon woodlands case study, which are located on different mountain ranges both in semi damp and semiarid sectors of Altai-Sayan ecologic region. It should be noted that species composition of woodlands is various even within ...

The set complex of methods for effectuation of the ecological monitoring of the anthropogenic impact areas as well as undisturbed was worked out by the authors. This method has been tested from 1997 to 2016 in Kostomukshsky State Nature Reserve. The typical part of northern forests of the European part of Russia and Rangifer tarandus fennicus is being protected. The reserve is part of the Finnish-Russian Friendship nature reserve. The Kostomuksha Mining and Processing Plant, the city of Kostomuksha, transboundary ...

Temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. Extreme temperature events have become more intense, more frequent, and longer in recent years. Extremely high and low temperatures may have a detrimental impact on the productivity of trees in critical phases of their development. The work presents the results of phenological observations of two broadleaved tree species: European hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea Matt.) with the main emphasis on the impact of the t...

Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw. (Black Saxaul) is the main brush-forest-forming species in Kazakhstan. While the latter is a rain-fed shrub principally distributed on sand dunes, the former is a phreatophyte, which uses groundwater as water source. Accordingly, Black Saxaul is mainly distributed on the current and ancient alluvial river terraces. Saxaul played and still plays an important role as fodder plant and fuel wood for herders. The Black Saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum Minkw.) is the principal arboreal taxon of the c...

The aim of this study was experimental assessing the emission of greenhouse gasses (CO2, CH4) from decomposed coarse woody debris in northern boreal forests of Siberia, where the main forest-forming species is larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.). Logs samples were collected in northern boreal larch forests of Central Evenkia (64пїЅN, 100пїЅE) at different stages of decomposition and placed in gas-tight boxes. Gas samples were measured in dynamics: at the beginning of the experiment and after 3 hour, 24 hours, aft...

In particular, Sub-Sahara Africa and UgandaпїЅs energy sector is dominated by biomass, which contributes over 90% of the total expendable energy. Herein firewood and charcoal contribute more than 85%. The main use of biomass energy is cooking and or heating either as firewood or charcoal majorly by local households. There is also huge demand from commercial activities such as the production of bricks and some factories. In many areas, biomass continues to be the energy source of choice due to unavailability or una...

Close-range photogrammetry (CRP) represents very perspective technology for many fields. It can provide results comparable to terrestrial laser scanning, and the hardware is still much cheaper. Our research group is developing low-cost CRP device based on Raspberry Pi 3 computer. Raspberry Pi 3 is a single-board computer with relatively high computing power and low price. In connection with a touchscreen, Pi Camera module v2.1 (Sony IMX219, 8Mpx) and powerbank it becomes a portable device for imagery. Continuous s...

The forest canopy cover is an important element of forest inventories and it represents the proportion of the ground covered by the vertical projection of the tree crowns. Traditional ground-based methods cannot be efficient in measuring the vertical projection of the tree crowns and in accurately making determinations of forest canopy cover percentage in stands of over a few hectares. The purpose of the current paper is to present the potential of a new approach for forest canopy cover determination that is based...

The goal of given research is to identify the tendencies of development of ecotourism in the forests on protected areas in Georgia, evaluate of government tourism policy, bring out the key problems and elaborate the solutions for them. The research was inspired by problems that are related to the illegal cuts of trees and other interruptions of rational nature management caused by low involvement of local population in the economic processes related to the forests. Ecotourism could be considered, as a most effecti...

Key element of any soil environmental monitoring is correct reference site. In such big object of monitoring as Moscow megalopolis it cannot be only one reference site but in any case their number must be very limited and each monitoring site have to be very well validated by the previous monitoring investigated data. One of the best candidate for official local reference site of soil environmental monitoring in the northern part of Moscow is the central core of the Forest Experimental Station of the Russian Timir...

After 1990, when Romania changed its political regime, many changes registered in the economic field. The new economic system had to experience the new form of transition from a Centralized to the Capitalism new one. The forestry field had been affected too, and it should adapt to the new conditions of the economic market demand. In the new economic conditions, it should adapt the offer with the demand. Taking into account the natural conditions, the tradition of wood processing and the predominance of the forest ...

Agriculture, regarded as one of the oldest occupations of mankind, practiced by different techniques and differentiated means according to the general level of development, is still the main socio-economic supporter at the level of the analyzed area. If in Romania's "agricultural past" the attention was concentrated on maximum, immediate and "indifferent" production, at present, under the action of international politics, there are remarkable administrative, organizational and technical capitalist nuances, dictate...

This paper presents current research done under the GEMINI (Geospatial monitoring of green infrastructure using terrestrial, airborne and satellite imagery) project. GEMINI is a scientific project of the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb and Croatian Forest Research Institute funded by the Croatian science foundation. The project aims to explore new knowledge about the green infrastructure (GI) monitoring. The study area of the research is the capital of Croatia, the city of Zagreb. One of the main goals of...

The study investigates the degree of heavy-metals contamination of a non-timber forest species in terms of food chain contamination (plants-animals/plants-man) in an area with a historical pollution in the context of ceasing the main activity of the major air pollutant, Sometra S.A. Copsa Mica, since 2009. The heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content in common blackberry (leaf and fruit), was determined in eleven sampling areas located at different distances and altitudes, in the forestry area surrounding the city...

Forest plays a multifaceted role, which is determined by its economic, ecological and social values; therefore, sustainable forestry development has to ensure a balanced use of all the values. For the first time in Latvia, the situation in hunting management was analysed, assessing the level of safety and traumatism. The research aim is to assess safety in the process of hunting and the real situation in Latvia. The research found that the most dangerous kinds of hunting were hound hunting and waterbird hunting du...

The contribution is focused on problematics of the impact of weather conditions to the phenological phases of broadleaved trees (Quercus robur L., Fagus sylvatica L., Tilia cordata Mill., Prunus spinosa L.) at the selected research areas in central Slovakia. There were recorded a 10% incidence of falling and yellowing leaves on a group of ten trees selected species. Factors taken in account were rainfall data, the number of tropical days and the length of growing season (June пїЅ August). The significant differenc...

The article is devoted to the improvement of circular saw machines with pneumatic drive of cutting mechanism. Currently, circular saws are widely used for producing of sawn timber because they have high productivity. The drive of saw blades more often is carried out by electric motors through additional transmission (gear, belt, etc.). In the recent literature are offered technical solutions, in which as a drive of circular saws provided by using of pneumatic. Energy source interacts with the circular saw will all...

The research studied the influence of the volume and construction of пїЅHikoпїЅ and пїЅPlantekпїЅ containers on acorn germination, resistance of root-closing substrate, height of aboveground plant parts and length of root systems of oak seedlings. The cell volume in пїЅHikoпїЅ containers varied from 25 cm3 to 530 cm3 while in пїЅPlantekпїЅ containers пїЅ 115 cm3 пїЅ 275 cm3. The seedlings were grown in greenhouses of arch type with polycarbonate coating and automatic watering. Peat-moss was used as a substrate. Av...

In western Romania, respectively the lowland area of this region the main grassland habitats are steppe and forest steppe grassland. Most of the land from this region is arable, the grassland patches being scattered in variable surfaces near to the inhabited area. These are used mainly for grazing by the cattle and flocks of the community. Some small grassland surfaces are mown for hay. Most of the arable land is cultivated in an intensive manner, this agricultural practice influencing the biotope and biocoenose o...

Silver birch is economically important tree species in Latvia. Currently most of clearcuts in stands of this tree species are regenerated naturally, however, there is an increasing demand of birch plants. Around 5 mil. plants are produced in Latvia annualy, exceeding the amounts in other countries in the region. With a goal to intensity the forest management, while propagating only the best genotypes and reducing initial spacing in order to ensure large radial increment, recently testing of vegetatively propagated...

In this study the intra-site variations in climatic signal observed in tree rings of larch from the Polish Carpathian Mountains were analyzed. To identify the differences between tree-ring growth of particular trees within each of analyzed sites, the descriptive analysis, visualizations, Factor Analysis (FA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis were used. For evaluating observed differences the clustering methods (k-mean, EM, c-mean, Kohonen Artificial Neural Network) with ANOVA a...

Currently, in connection with the deterioration of the environmental conditions, the per-son experiences daily stress. There is a growing need to improve the immu-Niceta people in vitamins, microelements and biologically active substances. Traditional means of im-mune support due to the low efficiency pale into insignificance. Therefore, growing de-mand for environmentally safe products medicinal plant with a high content of vitamins and biologists-cally active substances such as Panax ginseng. Ginseng is known to...

In this article we consider the opportunity of the use of tree-ring ?13C carbon isotope composition records for detecting and recognizing changes in forest ecosystems in the south of the West Siberian Plain where the growth conditions for conifer trees are generally optimal. Trees grow in the closed stands. The wood of Larix sibirica and Pinus sylvestris trees was chosen as object of our research. The values of carbon isotope composition (?13?) were measured in tree ring cellulose and lignin of Larix sibirica and ...

Protected natural areas are ideal for monitoring relatively undisturbed natural development of both inorganic and organic parts of ecosystem. The stock-taking of species occurring in the nature reserve is not only crucial to maintain the function of natural reserve, but also to monitor the development of species spectrum, as well as the diversity and succession under conditions relatively undisturbed by anthropogenic factors. Prosisko nature reserve was established in 1998 in order to protect forest ecosystems wit...

To combat climate change increase in carbon sink or forest cover is most important adaptation technique. India has committed to create additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent by 2030 in Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) submitted to Paris meet COP 21 (Conference Of Parties). A IPCC Tier II analysis of different mangrove sites of India will give a better snapshot of role of mangrove cover as carbon sinks to combat climate change and to achieve national target of carbon s...

The tree height, as the vertical distance between the base of the tree and the tip of the highest branch of the tree, represents a key element of forest inventories. In stands where the number of trees is high, the traditional in-situ methods can be time-consuming and can have difficulties in measuring accurately. In this study we present the potential of a low-cost commercial drone-based method of tree height measurement that could be implemented in the sustainable management of forests. Aerial images were acquir...

Data characterizing biological productivity of wooden layer in dark coniferous forests secondary succession stands of southern taiga subzone of West Siberian continental sector have been given. Thus, the obtained data prove that ecosystems of the same age group which vary in type of root vegetation forming, developing under the similar vitality conditions (temperature, moisture and nutrition) form different organic matter stores in phytomass. The wooden layer phytomass of secondary birch stands accumulates almost ...

Every year wildfires during the dry and hot summer season cause serious damage in agro-forest systems in Mediterranean area. Preventive measures are the most important issue in order to ensure agricultural production and sustainable tourism. One of preventive measures is planting of vegetation fire protection belts by using a low flammable plant species. Among low flammable plant species carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L., family of Fabaceae, subfamily of Caesalpinioideae) have special position. The carob tree grows...