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Managed by the Conservation of Forests of Oum El Bouaghi, the forest of Sidi R?Ghies which is primarily for forestry covers an area of 3106 hectares. This area consists of several species. The current ecological status of the forest is poorly understood. The precise knowledge of existing forest resources and their evolution has become indispensable. The objective of our study is to collect data on the current environmental status of the site and timber resources in order to establish a reference state (zero state)...

The wood market is constantly undergoing transformation, which leads to the variation of the price of wood, sometimes significant, from one area to another. In addition, the geographical distribution of forest species and the needs of the woodworking market often make that the wood necessary to be purchased from long distances, so transported over considerable distances and with considerable costs. Thus, the article aims to analyse the transport distances for wood mass purchased by a woodworking company from Braso...

The purpose of the article is to analyze the unloading times of the raw material used in manufacturing OSB boards. In this regard, there were centralized all the entries of raw material from July and October 2016, when the wood was transported on roads. Data analysis was done taking into account the type of means of transport (truck or trailer truck), volumes and species transported. It has been found that, as a rule, the means of transport comply with the tonnage allowed on public roads, but there are also exceed...

Plant production and planting of silver birch is gradually increasing in Latvia. It comes with the recognition on the potential to improve the growth and quality of next generation of birch stands while using the improved (selected) material (seeds for plant production mainly from seed orchard). In very fertile sites with fast over-growth of clear-cut with dense vegetation, planting also helps to ensure successful and fast forest regeneration. Planting is a significant investment, thus forest owners are interested...

In the paper has been analyzed the state of the tropical forests in Central African Region. The trends and causes of deforestation are revealed, and the associated decrease in the ecosystem function of tropical forests CO2 sequestration by atmosphere. Model calculations based on the Spatial Model of the Global Carbon Cycles in Atmosphere - Plants ? Soil System (APS) represent the response of vegetation to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air and quantitatively determine the parameters of t...

Forest value depends on multiple factors, as well as on prevailing market conditions. It is measured in natural units. The most popular approach in calculating the economic value of a forest is the discounted cash flow method. The most influential factor is an discount rate, since the value determination is based on the assumption that a forest life cycle is 120 years. Therefore, the overall aim of the present research is to evaluate an optimal discount rate for long-term forest management. The research showed tha...

The aim of the article is studying relationships of soil pressure of forestry machines, determined within different methods. Research methods include computing experiment and calculated data processing. The article analyzes three different methods for calculating the soil pressure, including analytical method for calculating average contact pressure, method for calculating the pressure on a rigid surface, and nominal ground pressure method. Basing on the computing experiment results, the study establishes linear r...

Birch, primarily silver birch, is used in afforestation of marginal agricultural lands. Natural regeneration on fertile soils most of the cases happens with birch, if no specific management is applied. Therefore share of birch is increasing in hemiboreal forests Previously, target species of forest management had been coniferous trees. Thus the information on the growth and revenue from birch plantations is limited. Moreover, there the minimums density is set to 2000 trees ha-1 in regeneration and 800 trees ha-1 i...

Nowadays, various climate data sources offer free-access information regarding interpolated climatological data, used in forest research studies (dendroecology and dendroclimatology). The most utilised are the international data grids, for reasons of length of time series and offboard coverage. Changes in the climate extremes from the last decades are frequently monitored using global climate gridded datasets (we used CRU-TS and E-OBS). Our study evaluates their accuracy relative to the national data grid (ROCADA)...

Oak stands decline has been several times reported in the scientific literature, starting with the beginning of the twenty century. A brief overview is presented regarding the occurrence of oak decline in the Romanian extra-Carpathian region since 1900 until present. Six oak species having a significant economic and ecological status are affected - Quercus robur L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch., Quercus frainetto Ten., Quercus cerris L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. The literatu...

Wild edible mushrooms are a valuable food with a high content of proteins, fibers, antioxidants, and they are characterized with its specific consistency, taste and flavor. Though, from an ecotoxicological point of view, they are a risk commodity because of their extremely high bioaccumulative capacity to increase the level of risk elements and contaminants from the environment. Environmental contamination of risk elements is currently one of the most serious problems in the world. Risk elements, because of its hi...

The purpose of this article is development of systemized recommendations for assessing impact of logging machines on forest soil, basing on which one can consider eligibility of a particular machine for given soil conditions. Research methods include mathematical analysis, numerical methods for solving equations, computing experiment and methods for calculated data processing. The study uses soil compaction and rut depth, consisting of the compaction and soil shear, as the main indicators of the impact. The main s...

Recently, the woodworking industry is increasingly paying attention to the effective use of wood in the production of consumer goods. The key point in resolving this issue was and remains the careful and economical use of harvested wood. Logging volumes in Russia, according to analysts of the timber industry complex, have declined everywhere by 2017, while in the North-West region they have reached 3%. One of the possible and promising areas for the effective use of wood is gluing. Glued wood is widely used in var...

The results of analysis of organization of conservation, reproduction and use of game fauna resources in Serbia: number, population density and amount of main species harvest, especially livestock of even-toes ungulates makes 204.3 thousand species, including European roe deer ? 83.7%, wild boar ? 12.3%, cervus ? 3.7%, chamois ? 0.3%. Actual harvest amount is 20.5 thousand species, including European roe deer ? 55.5%, wild boar ? 39.7%, cervus ? 4.7%. Total amount of fur animals is 892.7 thousand species, includin...

The Forest Code of the Russian Federation prescribes the rational use of forest resources (Article 114). The total area of the Arkhangelsk region, covered by shrinking trees, is the territory of 9 forest districts. The large scale of dying pine forests in the region requires the solution of the issue of the use of deadwood. Evaluation of the quality and strength characteristics of wood from dying forests will determine the way to use such wood. The main qualitative characteristics of timber in dying forests can be...

The aim of the study is verification of theoretical models, previously suggested by the authors for calculating rut depth and snow compaction under influence of forestry vehicles. The study bases on methods of field experiment design and methods of statistical data processing and uses wheeled forwarder John Deere 1210G as experimental set. Field tests were conducted on experimental skidding roads with loose snow, where the snow cover depth was approximately 50 cm, and on skidding roads with slightly compacted snow...

The Upper Orava region is for several decades affected by emissions from manufacturers of ferroalloys as well as by a transport of pollutants via the atmosphere from abroad. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of risk for Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co input from soil into small forest fruit species growing in this region. Soil and fruit samples were collected from 8 sampling points exactly fixed using GPS. In soil the agrochemical characteristics (pH/KCl, content of K, Mg, P, Ca and humus) were determin...

The results of long-term investigations of the 137Cs, 90Sr, and 241Am horizontal distribution in the upper soil layer in various ecosystems on the territory of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP are presented in the article. The research was carried out in 2011-2017 in the Belarusian sector of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl NPP on the experimental sites near the research station "Masany" of the Polesye State Radiation Ecological Reserve (about 10 km from the epicenter of the accident). The horizontal dis...

Share of birch is increasing in hemiboreal forests mainly due to its superior natural regeneration capabilities and afforestation of abandoned agricultural lands. It is more wind-firm than Norway spruce, thus it could be even more favoured in context of climate changes, linked to worsening wind climate in this region. Historically, target species of forest management had been coniferous trees. Therefore, aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of thinning regime on net present value of birch stands. Sample plo...

Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) regenerates well naturally and is not much affected by different biotic and abiotic factors, except wind. It is increasingly recognized as fast growing species, important for veneer production, thus establishment and management of its stands are promoted. In contrast to coniferous trees, there is much less experience in birch reaction to thinning, thus the optimal management regime. Therefore aim of our study was to assess the influence of thinning on increment of silver birch a...

Norway spruce (Pice abies (L.) Karst.) is a late successional, economically significant tree species. It can regenerate in clearcuts (formed as result of management or natural disturbances) under the cover of young deciduous pioneer tree species. Such areas of unmanaged young deciduous tree stands are rather common in hemiboreal forests due to, mainly, financial reasons. Moreover, due to increasing browsing pressure, also area of very damaged young (primarily, aspen) stands is increasing. Therefore it is important...

The study of ways and means of introducing adventive vegetation species into the of steppe zone landscapes ecosystems is an important aspect in the processes of temporal and spatial landscapes transformation study. Natural anthropogenic landscapes are artificial systems created based on the zonal vegetation natural framework but at the same time supported by humans. Often, native species of vegetation are replaced in the anthropogenization process and are replaced by species that are not the area characteristic. I...

The paper illustrates the problem of building a long tree-ring chronology for the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Transbaikalia. Here we use cores from Pinus sylvestris living trees and historical buildings from Chita. After measuring 122 wood samples, we created 571-year chronology based on the annual tree-ring width (from 1447 to 2017). The annual tree-rings width was measured in the CooRecorder program; standardization was made by Regional Curve Standardization (ASTAN). The statistical parameters of the chron...

Forests are not only ecologically important for the existence of ecosystems, air purification and its supply with oxygen as the Earth's lungs, but they also have social and economic significance that directly affects the quality of life and sustainable development in general. Given that about 40% of the entire territory of Kosovo is a forest area, and the fact that they are considered as part of national wealth, they continue to be affected by fires and illegal and uncontrolled logging of the human factor. If we l...

Forests present up 41.3% of the total area of the Slovak Republic. However, for forest soils no limit values for risky elements are given by the legislation, as it is for agricultural soils. The aim of this study was to monitor forest soils of 7 regions in Slovakia. Soil samples were collected from 70 sampling sites in 9 selected localities. Environmental risk was evaluated on the basis of total Hg soil content determined by CV-AAS (cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry) method, the background Hg soil content ...

The Tatra National Park (TANAP) in Slovak republic is one of the oldest national parks in Central Europe and is also included in the NATURA 2000 system. Forest ecosystems in the Tatra National Park are made up of ecosystems, which include also the spruce-cranberry ecosystem and belong to the highest level of zonal protection, with the exclusion of any activity, including the fruit harvesting. In recent years, there has been a massive pressure from developers for tourism development in the area, new recreational fa...

Air pollution causes plant injury such as burning leaf margins or tips, delayed grown, root damage and premature leaf drop. An increased pollution also influences the leaf water content, the amount of chlorophyll in the plant and the ability to photosynthesize. In this study we have investigated four types of trees in six areas of Galati. Selected areas are scattered throughout the city and have different degrees of pollution. Samples were taken at regular intervals from the start burgeoning until maturity. The tr...

Selective cutting plots with the use of evenly-gradually local method for forest plantations it is proposed to apply where as part of the next assignment. After selective felling is dominated by linden. This tree species is very closely linked with valuable timber and at the same time preserves the nectar production of the trees. When using the proposed purpose of logging allows you to create a complex mixed forest of natural origin of Linden and surrounded by other honey plants due to their conservation. Thus, in...

In the Russian Federation, according to the United Nations, the area covered by forest is 8.5 million km?. Due to the available sufficient reserves of forest resources, the enterprises of the timber industry complex have developed significantly. In the conditions of a modern competitive economy, for the purpose of their further development, timber industry enterprises are forced to maintain investment activity at a high level, to optimize technological processes and modernize production equipment. The article pres...

Nowadays, sustainable forest management is affected by both the internal management conditions of forest enterprises as well as the external restrictions. While the internal conditions are determined by the economic efficiency of forest enterprises, the external restrictions, except for the nature conditions, result from the governmental regulative and supportive measures, forest policy concepts, characteristics of business environment, and principles accepted by the whole society ? this approach may both either h...

According to national forest statistics data of 2018, Picea abies occupies 18% of the forest area of Latvia. As a result of intensive forestry management a forest productivity and the diverse anthropogenic influences on forest ecosystems are significantly increased. During the life a growth of spruce young stands can be influenced not only by abiotic but also by various biotic and anthropogenic factors. An aim of the research was to analyze sanitary condition of the artificially regenerated young forest stands of ...

Windstorms are one of the main factors causing damages in forest in Northern Europe. The damages are especially severe, if the ground during the storm is not frozen and is wet, therefore the trees are less stable. Cyclonic windstorms primarily happens during the winter, and there is a prediction of notable rise of temperature in this period of the year ? thus we can expect more storm damages. It is known, that inside the forest stands specific microclimate exists, affecting also the soil temperature. However, ther...

The research was carried out in the ecosystems of sessile oak and beech within Vizantea forests of Experimental Forestry Base Vidra. There were located three plots of 1 ha each, where information on the biometric features of component trees was collected. The purpose of the research was to know the structure and functioning of the sessile oak and beech crops stands in the Curvature Carpathians, as a result of their current status, in the context of sustainable forest management and climate change over the last dec...

Stand structural diversity, defined as the diversity of trees in stands, can be indicative of overall biodiversity and habitat suitability, useful in forecasting stand growth, and provide within stand detail for forest inventories. The diversity analysis provides more detail to the traditional stand structure descriptions and enables the approach to stand management more consistent not only with the timber production, but also with other productions and values of the multi-benefit forest stands, and/or transformat...

Urban forests play an important role in ecology of human habitats and provide various eco-services. Urban forests improve and maintain air and water quality, act as local refugia for plant and animal communities, hold populations of economically important species (such as pollinators), and act as recreational areas for people and pets. All urban forest organisms are directly or indirectly affected by human activities often leading to changes in biodiversity. The aim of our study was to determine soil microbial bio...

The article devotes to experimental study of briquetting of woodworking waste, such as sawdust and shredded bark. The aim of the work is to obtain regression dependencies linking characteristics of briquetted raw materials and parameters of moulding process with properties of produced fuel briquettes. Controlled factors of the experiment include moisture content of the raw material; average particle size of the material; percentage of sawdust and bark in the material; moulding pressure; moulding speed. The target ...

The forest industry in the Russian Federation is actively developing. A large amount of material resources are invested in this industry. At the same time, technological and production equipment is being modernized, and the supply chains of forest products are optimized [1]. In the North-West Federal District of the Russian Federation in recent years, a large number of enterprises of the timber industry complex increase the volume of roundwood transportation by water transport, particularly in rafts [1,2]. To rece...

Carrying capacity of heavy vehicles used for timber transportation tends to increase in the modern world. This tendency brings to an accelerated damage of the roads. The fleet of trucks used for timber transportation has become quite diverse. Modern vehicles differ from standard trucks in a number of characteristics, for example, weight. New vehicle features affect the strain-stress state of the road structure. This influence is taken into account in the process of calculation of total load equivalency factor. Loa...

The article is devoted to the development of software tools to support elimination of wildfires in small regions lacking governmental financial resources and using volunteer help for in situ and remote activities. The latter activities include not only training but also monitoring and even creation of scripts, databases, web applications to simplify governmental firefighting service work and make some of their professional cases public. Murmansk regional forest firefighting service (located in northern Russia) giv...

The forests represent an important ecostabilizing factor in the country and soil is a component of the environment conditional on biodiversity, nutrition and the existence of life. Currently, there is shifting the focus from the protection of the soil fund area to the protection of soil and forest quality, while understanding the production function of soil and forest as part of their environmental function. The paper?s aim is to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of soils of the mixed forests. The...

Forest resources are the most significant natural wealth of the state of Latvia. According to the data of the 2nd stage of the forest resource monitoring for 2014, Latvia has 3575 thousand hectares of forest land comprising 55.3 percent of the total territory of Latvia, while the total timber stock estimated at 668 million cubic meters. Each forest stand has a certain amount of undergrowth and understorey ? small dimensions woody plants (shrubs) which is few researched until now. The most precise determination of ...

Local or regional forest loss may be considered a forest management problem that mainly affects countries that lack proper forest monitoring and law enforcement procedures. Romania is an appropriate example regarding this matter, the main issue being the massive illegal cuts that are difficult to monitor, record and sanction. Therefore, the desiderata of precluding this outlawed practice and of preserving the forest cover ? which accounts for almost 29% of Romania?s territory (2015), are not attainable without rev...

The forest road network administered by the National Forest Administration - Romsilva, with a total length of 26,500 km, was built, in the most part, between 1965-1990, when the forest railways were transformed in forest roads. Simultaneously with the extension of the forest roads network, the car transport there was imposed in the forestry sector, having both technical and economic advantages. Due to the special technical development, the transport vehicles have undergone a rapid modernization, which has led to t...

The paper objective was to emphasize the quality of the biodiversity life in an anthropic polluted soil and to underline the influence of the biological activity on the evolution and self-remediation of this soil. The studied site is located in the Apuseni Mountains, in the Ampoi Valley, on a slope ? 25%, facing north, under pine plantation. In the area, the prevailing soils are Cambisols and Luvisols formed into the coarse slope deposits dominated by sandstones. The site pollution was due to the atmospheric emiss...

Monumental trees are very important for biodiversity, the integrity of ecosystems worldwide and in many ways for people, because they are essential components of human cultural heritage and identity. Researchers have long claimed the bio-ecological importance of ancient trees and of those with great diameters and heights together with the necessity of preserving them for scientific purposes. In order for a tree to be selected as monument, it must have historical, folkloric or mystical characteristics. Moreover, a ...

The research is carried out to obtain the connection between the Earth magnetic field data and forest stand indices in Latvian forests. The hypothesis has been examined that magnetic field influences the growth of trees. The research object ? Ogre Region was selected according to the magnetic field deviation's map of Latvia. The data of Earth magnetic field measurements via satellite and the forest taxation indices were used ? there was designed the distribution of forest subquarters in belts of magnetic field rad...

The main goal of young forest tending is to create suitable forest stands with desired structure of tree species and certain number of trees for ensuring of sufficient growth space. Tending needs to be done both in naturally and artificially regenerated young forest stands by creating composition of forest stand and releasing space for growth of most perspective trees, which is done by removing trees of poor quality and one lagged behind in growth. Thus tending has a great impact on creating productive forest of h...

The article devotes to development of mathematical model of sawdust briquetting process, establishing relationship between the briquettes density, the moulding speed and pressing effort. The study uses elastic-viscous-plastic Bingham body stress-strain equation as a rheological model of the sawdust being briquetted, the model parameters are non-linear functions of the sawdust density; classical Runge-Kutta method was used for solving the nonlinear differential stress-strain equation. The calculations results show ...

Forests and the land where the forests grow are some of the key natural resources in Latvia. Forests occupy half of the total area of Latvia. Unlike other countries where deforestation is a problem, the forest area increases in Latvia owing to natural and artificial afforestation activities. The paper analysed changes in the reforested and afforested areas in Latvia in the period 2007-2017 and found that the most essential factors contributing to the reforestation and afforestation were national and European Union...

Forest tree species monitoring is important for forest management, habitat and biodiversity assessment, as well as carbon cycle estimation. Forest ecosystems provide important services to society, and sustainable management and adapted policies are essential to maintain their ecological and socio-economic functions. For implementing a good sustainable forest management it?s important to know about tree species distribution. To characterize forest was used during the time, field inventories who can provide timely a...