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The historical Benedictine Abbey, which comes from the 12th century, consists of a basilica, monastery buildings and underground cellars. The underground of abbey, which is commonly unavailable for tourists, is not only historically valuable exhibit but also reveals condition of the foundations of the buildings, which has been built on a limestone hill above the River Vistula. In order to obtain spatial information of the underground of the abbey, scientists have made laser scanning of cellars and corridors under ...

The authors of the paper compare the most important features of cadastral systems with respect to their information content included in the graphical part of the cadastre, i.e. on a cadastral map. The performed analysis covered selected countries, such as: Poland, Austria, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Finland, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Lithuania. Examples of cadastral maps from analysed countries are presented in the paper. Basing on performed analyses the authors prepared a list of the basic data which ...

In order to bypass the big cities, the design of the motorways usually requires to choose the shortest route to reduce the travel times of vehicles. This leads to the construction of the road infrastructure and "works of art" over land areas that are insufficiently stable from a geotechnical point of view. In this context it is necessary to design and implement complex systems for monitoring the behavior of land surfaces and the buildings constructed on them. This article makes reference only to the geodesic and t...

This article deals with the spatial position of tracks surveying using a measuring truck and automatic total station. At the beginning of work it was necessary to gain theoretical knowledge on geodetic activities carried out in the process of reconstruction works on the track surface, and to define the concept of the geometric position of the track. Collecting necessary design documentation is an essential part of the whole measuring process. Adherence to the specified accuracies and deviations in the Slovak Techn...

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) describes the physical and topographic information of earthпїЅs surface. Today, DEM produced by different methods is successfully utilized in many geospatial applications such as gravimetric geoid determination in geodesy, morphology analysis in geology, topographic map production in cartography etc. As known, every year, the new satellites are launched to space and provide the most current information about the earthпїЅs surface with different working principles and different image t...

The G.I.S. It is used to create, store, analyze and process information spatially distributed through a computerized process. GIS technology can be used in various scientific and practical. G.I.S technology is increasingly used in the field of cadastre. To use technology G.I.S. in cadastre we must have both graphical database and the type attribute must be focused on cadastre requirements. Items graphic database is collected by conventional measurements, measurements GPS, photogrammetric measurements, through digi...

In order to design the RNAV (area navigation) precision approach (PA) or nonprecision approach (NPA) there is a need to collect vital information on runway, aerodrome obstacles, and other important factors that support approach and landing procedure. Therefore, the development of RNAV flight procedures requires the acquisition of relevant field data on objects that affect flight safety during its decisive stages. Designing of flight procedures, updating aerodrome maps and aerodrome obstacle maps, creating obstacle...

An effective development of underground space is impossible without the use of modern systems of underground navigation. And the high-precision inclinometric survey is one of the main problems of such systems, as well as the complicated systems of drilling rigs, which are usually used in the construction of oil and gas wells. As a result of research described in the paper the authors scientifically prove a necessity of new special indices of geomagnetic activity introduction. Also the algorithm of their calculatio...

Land consolidation is a fundamental instrument for agricultural management, allowing complex changes in the agricultural and forest space. One of the primary goals of land consolidation, directly specified in the Act on land consolidation, is to improve farming and forestry conditions, through the correct farmland location shaping and the correct property boundaries formation. In Poland, consolidation is possible owing to EU funds the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020 (RDP 2014пїЅ2020). The agro - forest bound...

Wis?ouj?cie Fortress is a historical defensive object located on the southwest coast of the Gulf of Gda?sk. Fort Carre, Eastern Sconce and Ravelin are parts of this postmediaeval fortification. In view of planned regeneration of this fortification complex, at the initiative of the Gda?sk History Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of Gda?sk it was decided to perform a documentation of one Fortress object. Authors decided to report the three-dimensional documentation to perform a ser...

An assessment of a market property value has been a subject of a debate among appraisers for many years. Some of them believe that the пїЅpowerпїЅ of statistics is so tremendous that in each situation an appraisal should be based on statistical methods. On the other hand, the other group off appraisers with a considerable experience, strongly support an actual expert assessment. For practitioners statistics is usually only an additional tool used rather to confirm a presented thesis. The dispute lasting for years ...

The urban structure of the old town quarter in Sandomierz belongs to the oldest and most interesting Polish architectural and archaeological sites. In this part of the town there are several objects written into the register of historical monuments. The location of the town on loess grounds, of a large thickness, has caused a lot of problems for the owners of real estates and the managers of technical infrastructure. This is the result of the characteristics of loess. Loess affected by external factors (rainfall) ...

This article defines the requirements for the architecture of the planned state satellite geodetic network, mathematical models (used in the processing of GPS measurements), navigation modules and analyses the possibility of integrating the high-precision geocentric coordinate system of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the global terrestrial system of the ITRS / ITRF. The main goal in solving problems of high-precision satellite geodesy is to determine the exact coordinates of the SGN point by processing code or ph...

Satellite based global gravity field models represent EarthпїЅs long-wavelength static or time-variable gravity field. Their progress and development in the recent years has been induced by successful satellite missions, such as GOCE, GRACE and CHAMP and this will continue in the future missions. Resolution and agreement with quality terrestrial data are two attributes that indicate potential usability of each model. Maximum degree of spherical harmonics determines resolution of the satellite-based models. Agreeme...

Considering the prospects and possibilities offered by Global Navigation Satellite Systems, it is sure that they will be still developing and more widely used in other parts o everyday life. The aim of this study was to analyse how accuracy a defined position could be determined by using the Spirent 6300M simulator. The tests were carried out on the basis of the Ashtech GG24 receiver which is fully integrated with GPS and GLONASS systems. Thanks to this combination the measurements of the receiver are more reliabl...

The chronometric geodesy is based on a relationship derived on the basis of the general theory of relativity, indicating a change of frequency and time at occurring change of potential. It is known that there is a possibility of using these relationships to determine geopotential changes, thus also height changes, by examining changes of clock rates in various places. From the formulas that describe this relationship, it can be estimated that at geopotential change by 1 m2/s2 (which corresponds to a height differe...

In essence, the paper presents the tracking of the behavior in time of hydro-technical constructions by establishing the horizontal displacements (dx and dy) compared to the base tranche and the previous tranche, and also the processing of these measurements and establishing conclusions and recommendations regarding the behavior of the objective taken into study. As studied objective was elected CпїЅnde?ti dam, which is located in Buz?u county, at about 19 km upstream from town Buz?u. The dam is situated on the Bu...

The aim of this paper was to analyze Bancroft positioning algorithm with comparison to the use of the uncorrelated reference point indicators, and present the results of experimental studies. Comparison of the results was Carried out in MATLAB, the source code is derived and the results are presented. The most popular method for a position determination in GNSS is to use autonomous positioning. This is the basic algorithm used in GPS systems. However users can use other positioning algorithms, depending on what th...

An engineering survey to determine the existing height of constructions is a frequent requirement that the land surveyors are faced with. A height survey may be needed to verify building elevation while in construction, or according to the legislation, in order to apply for a building permit a detailed topographic plan must be conducted. Such a topographic plan must be prepared by licensed surveyor and include the measurements of nearby properties, adjacent with the land parcel on which the building authorization ...

The paper reveals proposed techniques and measurement results obtained by employing Leica AT401 laser tracker into processes of calibration of field length geodetic baselines. Firstly, testing of the available laser tracker in Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (RIGTC) is shortly introduced and the development of a user-programmed software ATControl is presented. Secondly, measurement methodologies used for calibrating Czech State Long Distances Meausuring Standard KoпїЅtice and National Geo...

In this paper, a method of calibration of the levelling rod Carl Zeiss Jena No. 55822 was proposed. Within a method procedures we follow the requirement of the International Standard ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 and all necessary observations were performed in the Metrological Laboratory of Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade. In the process of the calibration, we used a laser interferometer Hewlett Packard HP 5528 and specially adapted auxiliary equipment for pla...

Recent years have brought rapid development of GNSS and supplementary SBAS and GBAS systems. Depending on the needs of a given real-time positioning domain, users can obtain several meters (GNSS + SBAS) or several centimeters (GNSS + GBAS) accuracies. Active (local) geodetic networks belonging to GBAS, through the permanent nature of the work and constant satellite observations recording, allow achieving even greater accuracies through post-processing elaboration. The paper presents in a uniform manner the charact...

The paper talks about the development of the geodetic networks using measurements of direction from the fixed points (with their coordinates known) towards the variable points (determined points). It starts from a situation that is given seven geodetic points whose coordinates are known, and an unknown point must be framed in such a network. After observation directions are carried out in three of the seven known points must be determined the coordinates of the unknown point. In order to reduce the large number of...

In this paper a new method of dual-polarimetric SAR image coregistration procedures is proposed. Both cases - coarse and fine coregistration are considered. In the proposed approaches the widely used coherence parameter is not applied. Instead, the dual-polarimetric signatures are exploited. They allow to identify location of strong point scatterers within the SAR images. These scatterers can be further used in coregistration procedure as reference points. The developed algorithms described in this work were teste...

This paper sheet on пїЅDecoding GPS data for single point positioning computation by using Python programming languageпїЅ shown the program to compute receiver coordinates with use RINEX navigation and data files. In the program it is used single point positioning method to compute coordinates, and the program is coded in Python programming language. Sheet includes a part of the source code and block schemes, which described operation of the program. The comparison of the results of the approximate coordinates sho...

Nowadays we often encounter situations which cannot be explained rationally. However, we always try to find the reason of an ensuing situation. On the example of a selected town, the author presents the range of illogical business decisions pertaining to commercial real estate market. A situation in which somebody spends millions of dollars and even though, according to an expert, the business is doomed to failure anyway, requires an in-depth research. Through his meticulous research, the author uncovers that the ...

Defining the stability of a structure depends on several factors. It is difficult to predict them and take into account in the design phase. Over time, many of them will cause changes in the location of its components. Measurements are required to be taken during the operation of a structure in order to find out about any changes in its geometry. This paper contains an elaboration of the results of measurements of the geometry of a steel drum which is a major component of the historical roller gate dam - Czersko P...

The GNSS satellite technology is most commonly applied in the area of air, sea or land navigation. In case of land navigation, the GNSS satellite technology guarantees a designation of a real position of a vehicle in a kinematic mode. The aim of this paper is to present and describe the possibility of using the GNSS satellite technique for the recovery of the trajectory of a motor vehicle. The research experiment was conducted on the example of a Pathfinder Nissan car. In addition, on the rooftop of the Pathfinder...

Prediction of the effects of underground mining on the surface is connected with the necessity to verify the coefficients of the theoretical calculation of movements and deformations of the slope of a subsidence trough. One of the methods used to verify the coefficients of the theoretical calculation is the reverse evaluation of theoretical drops verified from the results of direct measurements of movements of surface points. The resulting movement of the surface point is resolved into a horizontal component (shif...

In this paper we focus on the evaluation of land use changes in the cadastral areas of the cities Martin and VrпїЅtky. Both cities are situated in the Tur?ianska kotlina Basin between the MalпїЅ Fatra Mts. and Ve?kпїЅ Fatra Mts. in the northern part of central Slovakia. Establishment of new industrial enterprises in the second half of the 20th century led to the creation of new infrastructure, urbanization and the subsequent interconnection of both cities. Railway transport and the пїЅOS VrпїЅtky company (Railway ...

In last yearпїЅs we have seen big progress in digital photogrammetry, advanced quality of the light sensors (bigger resolution, light sensitivity), optics quality, automatic and active image stabilization. These parameters are predetermining photogrammetry for monitoring of the objects. The cracks on the object point to the problems of instability construction and therefore it is important to monitor them. The paper deals with using of photometric mapping by monitoring of cracks activity with using the image proce...

In accordance with the applicable regulations, the Land and Property Register is used in Poland as the Cadastre. Given the critical significance of this system to all activities associated with the proper administration and management of the real estate, it is subjected to continuous modernisation efforts. Legal provisions define the process of Register modernisation as a set of technical, organisational, and administrative measures taken in order to supplement the Register databases, to establish the full range o...

The paper discusses issues concerning load tests carried out on a twin-track, arch railway bridge over the Martwa Wisla river in Gdansk. Currently, it is the bridge with the longest span in its class in Poland. The load-bearing structure consists of three no-hinge arches and an orthotropic deck suspended from them. The studies of the structure assumed the performing of static and dynamic tests. The paper presents the method for carrying out geodetic measurements during static tests as well as the analysis of obtai...

Surveying documentation of the buildings that are parts of cultural heritage are important materials for their operation, maintenance, reconstruction or restoration. Castle Helfenburk near Ъљt?k is a nice example of ruins of a medieval manor house, where outer walls with battlements and gates and main tower are well preserved. However, the surveying documentation of the castle was incomplete and some parts, mainly the interior ones, were not documented. Therefore we carried out complex measurement and we created d...

When conducting underground works, it is necessary to take into account their possible consequences for underground and surface objects. The purpose of this work was to identify the need to use three basic methods for estimating and predicting the parameters of subsidence of the earth's surface and deep layers. The process of extracting minerals from the earth's interior leads to an increasing need for underground excavations beneath the area of protected objects (surface and underground). In this regard, engineer...

The paper presents the research results of the accuracy of robotic total stations automatic sighting using standard and panoramic пїЅ360пїЅ reflectors, which are used for geodesy and mining surveying purposes. Based on the statistical processing of laboratory and field observation data, the relationships between the automatic sighting precision and the various survey conditions were determined. The hypotheses for the correspondence of the statistical law of the obtained errors to the normal and uniform law are ver...

The article presents the way of conducting a forecast of leverages of underground mining run by longwall fronts in three deposits of hard coal on the area. The forecasted values of subsidences, inclinations and curvatures of mining area were calculated by the Budryk- Knothe theory with the use of typical values of its parameters, namely, a coefficient of subsidence of floor rocks equal to 0.8 and tangent of scope angle of main leverages amounting to 2.0. The forecasts of indicatorsпїЅ values of area deformation we...

In Turkey, it is essential to use agricultural land efficiently by obtaining more harvests from unit area in order to afford the increasing population needs on food supply, generate higher revenue from agriculture, and develop country. In doing so, the key movement is the practice of land consolidation. Land consolidation studies, which started in 1961, have been mainly aimed at linking roads and irrigation networks by clustering amorphous, scattered, fragmented, and small agricultural lands. As gaining momentum i...

using GNSS methods. Polish legal regulations concerning the standards of topographic and altimetric surveys only obligate to perform control measurements on at least two points of a horizontal control, located within the distance not longer than 5 km from the surveyed points. Those control measurements should be performed before or during the session of GNSS surveys. Legal regulations in Poland do not specify other technical parameters of GNSS measurement, such as the required number of observed satellites, the pe...

Nowadays, the prices of the plots or the building sites grow and on the most they are defined as price per cubic meter. Although the fact, that the prices are growing extremely, areas in cadastre of real estates are not obligatory. The paper aims with the differences, which are resulting from the legislation and are focused on growing measurement precision necessity. The differences in the way of the break points measurement and better precision at all are applied on different plots. The paper is interested in rel...

The contribution deals with pipe conveyors, which currently provide great environmental and economic benefits. Construction of the pipe conveyor is developed from standard belt conveyors with one major distinction, which is forming of the conveyor belt into the pipe. Wrapping the belt into the pipe form prevent leakage of material under the conveyor path and contamination of the surroundings. Among the main advantages belongs, in addition to the environmental impact, the option to transport material in both belt s...

Transport means play an important role in extraction and processing of raw materials. Their use is economically connected with several cost items that significantly affect whole process efficiency. Generally costs associated with mining road haulage can be divided into two major categories of the variable and fixed costs. From above mentioned dividing is necessary to pay particular attention to variable costs, which are influenced by the size of individual transport activities. Among the most important items inclu...

Surveying methods are precursors of strong earthquakes and play a big role to study current movements of the earth's surface. For this reason, the prognostic geodynamic polygons have been set. Almaty geodynamic polygon (GDP) was created in the years between 1967 and 1971. The area is located in the zone of 5 deep faults and it refers to Almaty seismic areas with magnitude of 9. Since 1971 in Almaty geodynamic polygon have been hold about 52 cycles of high-precision leveling classes I and II. Leveling network consi...

Optimization of the measurements is an important theme nowadays of the geodesy and especially engineering geodesy. The optimization can be categorized into orders, from the zero to the third order. The zero order design is the coordinate system selection, the first order is the configuration optimization, the second order is the optimization of the number of the repetitions, the third order is the improvement of the existing network by adding point and/or observations. In the engineering surveying the second order...

In the process of geoid determination one of the most important problems is to determine the effect of topographic masses. Traditionally, solving that particular problem started with the reduction of gravity on the geoid and subsequent calculations the effects of the reduction on the value of the geoid undulations i.e. calculating the indirect effect of reduction. In this paper a model of the indirect effect of Helmert method of condensation over the territory of Serbia was shown. The model was created on the in 5...

When determining height differences by using trigonometric levelling method, some affecting values are present. Besides measuring imperfection due to instrumental imperfection and surveyorпїЅs errors, quality of the trigonometric levelling results also depends on following external affecting values: height difference between observed points, distance between observed points and temperature gradient (change of temperature with height) between observed points. Therefore, if the height difference is bigger, the influ...

Our paper presents the newest results of bathymetric measurements and underwater objects investigation on the fragment of Narew river between Granary and Modlin Fortress. The historical fortress and the Granary founded by the Polish Bank are both well-known historical places in Poland. Archaeologists and historians are still analyzing the history of these buildings. The main objective of the work was to elaborate a bathymetric map and a database of underwater objects. The necessary data for elaborations was collec...

Topographic and topoisostatic reductions of gravity field measurements are important in geodesy and geophysics. Reductions filter high frequencies from gravity which are then used in geoid modelling or investigations of the EarthпїЅs structure. Practical computations of reductions are performed using digital elevation/bathymetric models as input data and some approximation scheme of the EarthпїЅs structure. The main parameters describing the EarthпїЅs structure are crustal, mantle and water density, density contra...

Nowadays we see an increase in traffic intensity all around the world. The traffic infrastructure is extremely loaded by the traffic, which causes deformation of its parts. In addition to traffic load, significant is the effect of the weather conditions (wind, sunshine, temperature changes). All the mentioned effects cause changes in the spatial position and in the shape of the bridge structures. Due to these facts, geodetic monitoring is an integral part of bridge structures diagnosis and gives important informat...

Social housing management is an area of asset management within local government which is strongly dependent on legal and socio-economic system as well as public housing policy. In many countries housing systems are in transition towards privatization, deregulation and decentralization of public tasks. The transformations in institutional and economic context have lead to more market-oriented social housing management. They have not been an isolated process but a part of broader one termed New Public Management (N...