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As a result of mining activity on the earth?s surface the phenomena that have negative effect on the objects in area of influence of extracted area exist. Depending on geomechanical qualities of hanging wall and surrounding rocks, geological conditions of depositing, seam and depth of position of deposit, critical angle of influence, way and time course of mining and other parameters the horizontal and vertical movements always appear to a greater or lesser extent. They can be described by inclination, proportiona...

The paper focuses on the experimental determination of the accuracy of automatic angular targeting of total stations. The measurements were carried out with Trimble S6 HP and Trimble S8 HP robotic total stations owned by the Department of Special Geodesy at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague. Accuracy of targeting was determined with use of both laboratory and outdoor experimental geodetic networks. The laboratory micronetworks were two. One was made up of 10 points with a length of sight from 1.8 m t...

The paper outlines time series analysis of tide gauge data to solve for short and long term sea level variations at the Varna tide gauge station. The data covered the period 1928 ? 2018. The measurements have started at 1928 using mechanical floating tide gauge type A. Ott-Kempten. In 2013 a radar tide gauge type Vega Plus with web interface was installed. Linear regression model was applied analyzing monthly registration for computing mean sea level, trend, annual, semiannual and decadal variations. Analysis of t...

Currently, there are a number of works focusing on the study of the geodynamic situation near the large reservoirs. These studies cover many areas of research from geodynamic models of the Earth's crust and geodynamic activity of water reservoirs (e.g. lakes) to dynamics of the Earth's rotation and oil deposits. This paper presents a new method of analyzing the geodynamic situation near the large reservoirs. As an example, the geophysical conditions near Kuybyshev are determined using the method and data on latitu...

In recent years, there has been observed an intensive development of consumer unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Their advantage is a relatively low cost compared to typical aircraft constructions. The UAV equipment in recording devices allows them to be used for surveying, volumetric measurements, vegetation index calculations (including the normalized difference vegetation index) and thermovision analyzes. Due to the high resolution, the materials obtained from UAV can be a source of information, among others for d...

Over the past years the evolution of geodetic instruments is taking the way of minimalization and mobility. Remarkable technological progress can be recognized on a field of mobile scanning. Wide variety of usage of handheld laser scanners and its accuracy of measurement in comparison to other geodetical methods was settled as the main objective of this contribution. The introduction of article is concerning about the problematic of documentation of historic landmarks. Following pages are describing the methodolog...

A nationwide project is under taken since a few years with the purpose to upgrade the geodetic infrastructure by setting up a wide real-time GNSS/CORS (Global Navigation Satellite System/Continuously Operating Reference Stations) network. In this perspective, a study is achieved in the setting of this assignment with the purpose to select eligible sites of the network infrastructure. The technical selection criteria were based essentially on the assessment of GNSS data received by permanent sites under experiment....

In order to protect the Belgian coast, knowledge on natural sand dynamics is essential. Monitoring sand dynamics is commonly done through sediment budget analysis, which relies on determining the volumes of sediment added or removed from the coastal system. These volumetrics require precise and accurate 3D data of the terrain on different time stamps. Earlier research states the potential of permanent long-range terrestrial laser scanning for continuous monitoring of coastal dynamics. For this paper, this methodol...

The subject of this article is a two-storey, detached residential building. The building's structure is characterized by concrete sealing?s, load bearing walls made of brick and basements. The building has been deflected from the vertical as a result of a multiple underground exploitation which in the hard coal beds has been conducted. It is planned a continuation of mining exploitation in the area of the building. Use of a deflected object is connected with many inconveniences. Moreover, its market value falls do...

In Poland there exist legal regulations concerning the protection of agricultural and forest land. The paper aims to investigate the changes in the area of agricultural and forest land in Poland since the accession to the European Union in the year 2004. The study was based on statistical data for the years 2004-2017 provided by Statistics Poland. Paper presents: (i) changes in the land area by land type, (ii) changes in the fallow land area, (iii) changes of agricultural land area resulting from land designation ...

The use of mobile laser scanners and static terrestrial laser scanners is becoming increasingly commonplace today. Otherwise, it is not even in the field of modern geodesy, where they are already using devices to collect from thousands to millions of points per second. For example, in the detailed survey of caves, forests, or underground mines, where the technology of mobile laser scanners stands out, or in the survey with the help of static terrestrial laser scanner technology, which is particularly useful for ta...

The safe operation of the installation of a winding shaft is ensured by the vertical continuity of the guiding and the vertical overlap of the moise cross section. When digging the mine shaft, the topographer has the task of conducting, besides the performance of the vertical work, the installation of moise gaskets and the guiding when in relation to the shaft axes. Guiding and moise assembly operations require increased attention, given the role these elements play in the subsequent work of the shaft and its smoo...

In order to improve navigation on the Lower Danube area, some European projects are underway. The focus of FAIRway Danube project (2015-2020) is to provide current and harmonized information about shallow sections, water levels and water level forecasts. Available depths will be used optimally by adapting the location of the waterway to the current riverbed conditions. In parallel, FAIRway Danube is aiming at preparing the harmonized rehabilitation of the Danube and its navigable tributaries. The bilateral convent...

This paper presents the combined method of determining the deflection of vertical components ? and ? based on the precise levelling and GNSS measurements. In general, there are several methods, but the combined method simplifies data collecting and subsequent processing of results in comparison with other methods. Components determination was performed on the high precision levelling network in Serbia, by calculating undulation on each point, so as azimuth and length for each side of the network starting from refe...

The paper presents a way to increase the performance of inertial systems used to determine the aerospace vehicles' attitude based on low-cost MEMS gyro sensors. A vital role in the design process of the inertial navigation system is played by sensors distribution inside the inertial detection unit. This distribution can be different from case to case depending on the type of sensors or the signal processing algorithm used. The novelty of the proposed system consists in the using on each axis of the navigator inert...

Modern digital 3D technologies are already an integral part of the construction industry. 3D technologies include 3D scanners or photogrammetric surveying of buildings, which we are dealing with in our faculty research. The main topic of the article is the evaluation of 3D building scanning processes, photogrammetric surveying and subsequent processing of acquired data. From the acquired point clouds eventually produce project documentation of the current status of the building with minimal deviation from the actu...

The paper deals with the experience of engineering geological surveys of problematic sections of motorways D47 and D2 in the Czech Republic. Into selected sections of the D47 motorway near Ostrava waste material of blast furnace slag was deposited, which proved to be very problematic. Another problem solved was the solution of surface and embankment defects of the D2 highway near the town of Hustopece, located in Moravia, where in some places there have been surface drops of up to several centimeters. In the emban...

For a more complete use of information in geodetic measurements of rotary kiln geometric parameters, a method of mathematic simulation of the stress state in the kiln shell is proposed. The essence of the calculation method is to ascertain the stress-strain state of the kiln shell as an elastic statically indeterminate multi-span beam. The disclosure of static uncertainty is performed by the displacement method, which allows to unify the calculation algorithm for kilns with an unrestricted number of intermediate k...

Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) measurements of the geodynamic satellite LAGEOS-1 (LAser GEOdynamics Satellite) for the period January 2000 - June 2013 are processed and analyzed. The analysis are carried out with the Satellite Laser Ranging Processor (SLRP) software, version 4.3, developed in the Department Geodesy of the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. A new module for parameter estimation using the least squares method was developed to allow flexible treat...

This paperwork is dedicated to the research of the quality of height anomalies derived from the Global Geopotential Models GOCO over the Serbia territory. Three different types of approaches for the same model were considered: time wise, space wise and direct approach. The quality of the mentioned models is determined by comparison with terrestrial data of height anomalies, that are relate to the second high precision leveling network of the Republic of Serbia (the period of realization of tide gauges observations...

With this publication is intended to demonstrate the possibility of practical realization of European Terrestrial Reference System 89 (ETRS89) for the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, by developing an intraplate velocity field model using velocities of a network of continuously operating GNSS stations. The introduction of the ETRS89 is aiming to unify national reference systems for geodetic measurements, cartography, GIS, research and navigation in Europe. The EUREF Permanent GNSS Network (EPN), which consis...

The work exposes the design and experimental testing results of a low-cost INS/GPS navigator with a data fusion algorithm based on an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In the paper, the structural design of the MEMS-INS/GPS integrated system mechanism and the training procedure of the fuzzy inference system are firstly exposed. Further, the evaluation with experimental data of the integrated navigator based ANFIS algorithm is presented. The integrated navigator proposed scheme works in two different p...

The way of maintenance and updating the real estate cadastre is regulated, at present, by the Act of May 17,1989, The Law of Geodesy and Cartography [6] and by the decree of the Minister of Regional Development and Building Industry of March 29,2001 ? the cadastral law [1]. Updating the cadastre at the stage of setting out a building object is of particular importance; it has specified tax effects. Usually, the charge due to a property tax is increased what results from the real discontinuation of agricultural act...

The paper is focused on testing the laser tracker?s accuracy characteristics using variance components. These characteristics (angle and distance measurement accuracy) are determined by adjustment of micro network measurement. The paper provides a brief description of laser trackers? testing, mainly aimed to standards that address the issue. This information defines a basis for a new testing method described in this paper. The provided experiment does not need any special metrological equipment and can be performe...

In comparison with West Europe, Polish luxury residential real estate market is characterised by a relatively low level of prices and a relatively low number of properties with very luxurious character. Transactions concerning luxury apartments constitute approximately 1% of all transactions of sale of residential real estate in the largest cities in Poland. Due to the growing income and improving level of life, demand for luxury apartments in Poland is constantly increasing, and the market has good perspectives f...

The article presents the results of statistical processing of field surveying observations data of the displacement process on the earth's surface. Currently, the main method to monitor displacements and deformations of the earth?s surface during mining operations is to determine the coordinates of reference points of observation stations. This method allows you to obtain reliable data on the movements of points in the displacement trough and form an idea of both the shape of the trough and the values of deformati...

This article opens a broad topic of temperature measurement to suppress the influence of atmospheric refraction on geodetic measurements. The article's content is limited to the basic view of atmospheric behaviour, specifically, on the measurement of the temperature changes in the atmosphere close to the terrain (height 0-2 m), in which engineering geodesy measurements are commonly performed. For this basic experiment we have chosen a grassy spot on the campus of the Faculty of CTU in Prague. The measurement itsel...

The task of determining the potential of the field u ( x) of a bodyG , which is limited in space 3 R , is important and well known for solving both theoretical and applied problems of geodesy. The traditional approach to its solution, based on the representation of the potential in the form of series of spherical functions, has well-known advantages and disadvantages. This article discusses another model for solving the original problem in the form of an integro-differential equation u ( x) = K?u ( x), x?G , where...

Over the next few years, the number of satellites of the currently operating navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS) and those under construction (BDS, Galileo), as well as other supporting solutions, will amount to approx. 140 units. As a result, users of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), who nowadays most frequently have mobile phones at their disposal, have an opportunity to simultaneously use satellites of several different constellations. A constant increase in the number of available satellites...

The possibilities of using gravimetric data obtained from global geopotential models (GGM) for the territory of Bulgaria in the processing of precise levelling measurements for the determination of normal differences and geopotential differences are presented in the article. The researches were carried out on first order levelling lines of the State Levelling Network of the Republic of Bulgaria, situated in different topographic conditions, as well as in conditions of different anomalous gravitational field. The d...

The preliminary analysis of network accuracy is the basis for assessing the correctness of network design. The next step should be to modify the structure of the network or adjust the a priori presupposed measurement accuracy. Such an analysis facilitates determining the target network accuracy model for results of adjustment of the observational set. A control network established to determine the displacement of civil engineering objects should be structurally sufficiently accurate, reliable, and flexible. These ...

Three cross-border levelling lines between state levelling networks of Republic of Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia are made. The purpose of the realization of these lines is connecting of the state levelling network of Republic of North Macedonia in European Vertical Reference System. That could be made directly through the Bulgarian state levelling network ? part of UELN95/98 from 2003. Precise levelling measurements are initialized from the state geodetic agencies - Agency for Real Estate Cadastre of th...

The information technology input for the building life cycle is more and more intensive, starting with design, through realization and including the use and the operation of the building. The progress in this field is represented by Building Information Modelling (BIM). BIM is in its base object-oriented 3D model of the building, which includes information about the structure, elements and their parameters. This paper is aimed at the proposal of information model for documentation and management of pipeline bridge...

In the article an example of underground mining exploitation of hard coal deposits has been presented which by some mining plant in Poland has been conducted. Hard coal extraction took place in three seams numbered 338/2, 341, 358/1 which at the medium and great depths have been located. Exploitation was conducted by use of the longwall system with roof rocks cave-in. This exploitation caused an occurrence of curvatures on a mining terrain surface. The curvatures values on base of the surveys results have been cal...

In the case of construction works monitoring and the land on which they are situated, the observations can be made with classic or modern equipment granted it meets the precision requirements imposed by this type of work. The data collection stage is followed by their processing and final results, for the ongoing stage, the values of the monitored parameters. Regardless of the equipment and the method used to process the elements measured in the field, the in situ comparison of the results of the current observati...

More than 400 geodetic and cartographic documentation centres are active in Poland; they are maintained by starosts (heads of districts) and presidents of cities with rights of districts at the level of heads of districts, or cities with rights of districts. In particular cases those centres are maintained at the municipal level, if a relevant agreement has been concluded with a mayor or a president of a city which is not a district. At present the method of producing maps for design purposes is regulated by two l...

Revitalisation includes comprehensive and integrated activities in the social, technical, economic, environmental and spatial sphere. All revitalisation activities, however, must be subordinated to social goals, and infrastructural projects should support the improvement of the quality of life of residents and the socio-economic recovery of problem areas. Changes in rural areas aimed at improving spatial order and landscape aesthetics while preserving resources and forms of cultural heritage and local identity and...

The paper deals with height determination in indoor environment using inertial sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes) and barometer built in a smartphone, which is very important to detect upstairs and downstairs motion of the users. The algorithm proposed uses the barometric formula for height determination and the relationship between the decreasing barometric pressure and increasing height. The main advantage of the use of barometer is the long-term accuracy, because the algorithm is not recursive. The problem of...

The monitoring of the construction behavior is one of the important activities carried out to determine the state of construction, subject to various natural and anthropogenic actions at a given time. In Romania, the activity of rockfill dams monitoring is regulated according to the importance category (A, B, C). The Rausor Dam is located downstream of the confluence of the River Rausor with the river Targului, which springs from the Iezer-Papusa Mountains. The dam is located at 7.5 km from the village of Leresti,...

The accuracy of transference from the underground surface of the topographic reference system is determined by the mining work on topographic transmission papers. If mining is vertical, topographic operations are complex and require permanent preoccupation for improvement. The paper meets this requirement, presenting possibilities for improvement of junction methods (surface, underground) of topographic elements used for mechanical transmission. The mechanical method of transmitting the underground surface referen...

Scientific and technical progress created conditions for rapid development and introduction in surveying - geodetic production essentially and qualitatively new measuring and processing technologies. These technologies lay the foundation of formation and practical application of results of the geodetic measurements differing in more productivity, technological effectiveness and essentially important - bigger accuracy in comparison with traditional technologies [1]. Installation of the permanent base station of dif...

This paper presents a new method of accounting the variations of the vertical due to fluctuations of water level in case of taking geodetic observations near the large reservoirs. The impact on latitude of observation and direct adjustment is estimated. The resulting correction caused by an anthropogenic interference is comparable with the adjustment effect of systematic lunar and solar tides. Accounting this effect may be useful for the solution of this higher geodesy problem and the development of high-quality p...

Aim of this study is to examine the impact of the neighborhood of large investments on the level of undeveloped land prices. The following study analyzed the behavior of buyers on the market for undeveloped land adjacent to a large construction project area prior to the beginning, during implementation and after its completion. It determined the effects of urban development in chosen region on interest in surrounding areas and attempt to verify the impact on the price level. It also designated the intensity of tra...

The stability of underground works has always occupied an important place in engineering. Their stability depends on how the design and execution of the underground works are done. The instability of underground works, in most cases, also has consequences on the surface because it can affect land and constructions. In the case of salt?s operation with rooms and pillars, the stability of the underground space depends on how the rooms and pillars were dimensioned. But besides designing the geometry of the undergroun...

The process of road construction in Poland, including mainly new sections of motorways, was intensified until 2012, when preparations for the European Football Championships were underway, to which events Poland was a co-organizer. And although this process has contributed to a significant improvement of the road network - various categories (mainly motorways and expressways in the east-west direction), the satisfactory state of road density and technical condition is lacking. Technical, financial and legal aspect...

The early 21st century is a time when unmanned surface vessels (USV) are used in various measurement applications. Modern autonomous and unmanned vessels are increasingly often used in bathymetric measurements whose aim is to measure the seafloor with the sufficient positioning accuracy. Therefore, the use of USVs in hydrography can be seen as the beginning of a new era in this regard. This paper presents bathymetric measurements with the use of an unmanned surface vessel in waterbodies of the Republic of Poland w...

The present paper comprises a complex topographic survey for the identification and registration of a farm type immobile consisting of company headquarters, stables, silos and concrete slabs for registration in the land book. The farm where the topographic works were executed is a farm specializing in the breeding and fattening of buffaloes, the production of milk and its processing. It was set up in 2007, and the initial constructions were built between 2007 and 2015. The farm is located at the entrance to Pecica...

Nowadays, according to the current century, the one of speed and information, the way of calculating the volumes of aggregates is desired to be much faster and more accurate in every aspect. The volume designates the property of a body to have three-dimensionality, that is development along three perpendicular axes on which the length, width and height are measured. All three those dimensions are actually length values that define the place which that object occupies in space. The theme of the project is to calcul...

At the Moscow University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK) a new approach to learning C++ programming for students specializing in cartography and geodesy was developed. The training programs in C++ for students were written. Programs with geodetic content prepare students, future surveyors and cartographers to solve their specific tasks more purposefully than common standard programs and tasks. One of those programs calculates the plane rectangular coordinates of an additional searched point according to Gauss...

Digital elevation models play a crucial role in the analysis of complex spatial challenges. Given the international dimension of many environmental applications, elevation data have been integrated in the European INSPIRE directive (Annex II, Elevation theme). As a result, many types of data are offered in various formats by mapping agencies and governmental organizations within the European Union. Notwithstanding the national effort to publish these data under open and public licenses, and in compliance with inte...