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The Globigerina–bearing Tuffs and Marls are deposits included in the Slanic Molasse. Several formations can be separated within these deposits some of the units maintaining remarkable lithofacial consistency, so that they can be recognized in the entire out – cropping area of the Carpathian Molasse. Th e Globigerina–bearing Tuffs and Marls has been described and separated by V. Marutiu under the name of the “Slanic Tuff”[1] . The most spectacular exposures of this formation occur at Piatra Verde near Sla...

Western Anatolia is one of the world’ s most rapidly extending regions. The N-S extension commenced in Late Oligocene in this region sh ortly after the collision of Eurasian (the Pontides) and Gondwanan (the Anatolide-Tauride Platform) continental blocks. This extension lead to exhumation of deeply buried footwall rocks in core complexes (i.e. the Menderes Massif) and to development of a series of E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE-trending graben system on the hanging walls of low-angle detachment fault system. Thus, compres...

Post collisional volcanic rocks cover large areas in the east of the Biga peninsula, which is located in the NW Anatolian magmatic belt along the southern margin of Marmara Sea. These volcanic units span a compositional range from calc-akaline (i.e. andesite, dacite, and rhyodacite to rhyo lite), to alkaline (olivine basa lts) lavas. All rock units display coherent variation trends on the major and trace element Harker diagrams. Cenozoic volcanic sequences exposed in the east of Biga are divided into three volcano...

The Romanian coasts can be divided in two categories: erosion coasts (cliff shores) and accumulative coasts (barrier beaches). The activ e behavior of the cliffs is due to the action of marine abrasion and slope processes, landslides and gravitational collapses. Cliff shores between Cape Midia and Vama Veche has a complex lithological profile. Silt and clay particles are carried seaward by the rip cu rrents system, while sand and gravel particles are conveyed along the coast. Textural and mineralogical study of th...

Regularities in the distribution and forma tion mechanism of gi ant Cu-Au-porphyry deposits have been discussed by many authors. Most recent works are dedicated to the problem of their formation. The deposits of Macedonia discussed in this communication usually contain up to 150 000 t of copper with the Buchim deposits likely being the smallest in the world am ong similar recently mined deposits. The long- term economically profitable development of the latter refutes the traditional opinion that only Cu-Au-porphy...

The Dardanian zone (Serbian-Macedonian massif) represents the western part of the Rhodope crystalline basement. This zone was structured and metamorphosed during the Hercynian and post Hercynian tectonic st ages. The geological mapping at 1:25.000 [1] show that a of the studied region is built of crystalline Pale ozoic basement. The important aspects have been identified in the structure and metamorphism from this part of western Rhodopes. The study of the deformed Variscian and Hercynian tectonic phases are diffi...

Geostatistical analysis provides a powerfu l tool for enhancing the prediction and decision making capabilities of geologists and mine planners. The majority of practicing geologists are involved with mining and/or exploration ventures. As such a significant proportion of the geologist’s time is devoted to designing and impl ementing drilling and sampling progr ammes and using the resultant data to predict (and reconcile) reserve tonnages and qualities on a variety of scales, ranging from life-of-mine areas to d...

Diagenesis and geochemistry of three selected and well exposed outcrops of Qamchuqa Formation (Early Cretaceous) at Kurdistan Region northeastern Iraq were examined. Lithologically this formation is mainly composed of dolomite, and limestone beds. Petrographic study of the Qamchuqa Formation reveals that the skeletal and some non- skeletal grains within the limestone a nd dolomitic limestone beds are the main components of this formation. Micritizati on, cementation, neom orphism, compaction, dissolution and dolom...

Romanian Plain occupies from the geotecto nic point of view, the northern part of Moesian Platform, a platform forming a ri gid block between the Carpathians and the Balkans. Dacian Basin, opened after tecton ic movements, badenian , in the Sarmatian, outside the Carpathian arch, has evolved in a brackish sedimentation environment by the end of the Pliocene, after which was installed a lacustrine environment amid of water body restriction only in the southern pa rt of Romania. The lacustrine system is installed in...

The territory of our country in terms of cutting geological consists of different geological rocks of all ages from the Quaternary Neoproterozoic up. Magmata’s, and movement of plates that includes the Mediterranean region in earlie r geologic eras led to large-scale geomorphologic and geotect onic reconstruction of the whole region in general and including the region of Kosovo. The impact of these events in the wider region that exceeds the boundaries of our state led to the formation of provinces metallogeneti...

Lajaneh Fe skarn deposit is located in so uth of Shahrood City, North East of Iran. Mineralization is occurred as massive, veins and breccias in the c ontact of the dioritic intrusion with limestone. The dioritic intrusions in Lajaneh Fe skarn deposit display calc alkaline and metaluninous nature with I type characteristic. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams show that dioritic intrusions in Lajaneh deposit belongs to volcanic arc granitoids (VAG). Negative anomalies of HFS elements like Nb, Ti, Ta and P and ...

The Upper Cretaceous Flysch series between Suhareka and Bajice is developed in the psamitic and brecciaed facies . The relation between them is tectonic, but south of the area a gradual transitio n from one to the other facies has been established. Psamitic Flysch facies is characterized by a constant composition and regular graded bedding on the whole area of its distribution. It is represented by three lithogenous types: limy, sandy and conglomeratic. The limy lithogenous types : is characterized by a fairly goo...

At Eastern Taurid , the age of Carbonate rocks, outcroping at soutgh of Yahyali (Kayseri) had been defined as Jurassic-Cret aceous age in previous studies. The unit wich had been named as Köroğlutepesi Limestones in previous studies, outcroping also Eastern Tufanbeyli (Adana) at Gümelek Hill, arround Kayap ınar and İğdebel villages. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of The sedimantery rocks surfacing at these locationes, hase been defined. Have been get three measured stratigraph ic section in Tufanbeyli region....

Deh Salm Jurassic shales of Shemshak formation are located in south of Birjand city in East of Iran. The Jurassic shale of Shem shak formation in this area is partly metamorphosed and display finely foliation. Th e trace element data of Deh Salm shales are compared with upper continental crust, clarke value of sedimentary rocks and world's average of shales. Total sulfur concentrations vary from 0.01% to 0.55% with average of 0.18% that is lower than of sulf ur content of world's shale composition. Th, Y, Nb and Z...

This paper presents correlations of a porti on of bordering zone Kosova – Albania, in other words sheet K-34-78-A - Shishtavec. Sheet of the three neighbouring countries boarders Kosova –Macedonia – Albania and covers the are of roughly 387 km 2. Out of this area, 148 km2 or 38 % lay in Albania territory, more precisely in the surrounding of Kukës and Dibra towns. Othe r part, however, roughly 239 km 2 or 62 % lay in Kosova territory, Dragash Municipality (Sharr Mountain area). Geological map of each of the...

The presented paper describes artesian aquifer collector which is situated in the area of interest of the J. Sverma and Vrsany open pit mines. The area of interest is situated at the southern border of the central part of the Most Basin (previously North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin). The occurrence of severa l saturated collectors, which were created in this area in different geological peri ods (especially in the Upper Cretaceous and Miocene Period), is obstacle to the continuous extraction of coal from the beginni...

Considered the natural conditions for the fo rmation of gold, given the model of its deposits in the form of a schematic of industrial-genetic classification. Were shown the main types and examples of fields. We have created a model can serve as the scientific basis for prediction and exploration of new industrial facilities to enhance the mineral resource base of mining and processing enterprises of Kazakhstan.

This work presents the geological structure of the Chipupushi area which is located on the border between the Northwestern Province and Copperbelt Province in the Republic of Zambia. Geological structure of the Luswishi dom e, within which the Chipupushi area is, consists of: Igneous rocks, the complex of ultra basic, basic, intermediate and acid magmatic rocks, the Basement Complex, which was built of schist, gneiss, granite - gneiss and subordinated pegmatite as well as the Katanga super group out of which the C...

The area under study is located in east Azerbaijan and southwest of Ardabil. In this area the volcanic rocks are placed over the Oligocene and lower Miocene clastic sedimentary rocks and under lower Pliocene epiclastic sedi ments. Therefore, their age is middle and upper Miocene. These volcanic rocks have been extruded in dome shape from the fissures of an eruptive caldera. These domes are rich in silica. From the boundary to the center of caldera, these domes are categorized into three types with regard to their ...

During mining activities, as a result of removal of inert materials for unfolding layers of lignite, has resulted into covering and degradation of large areas of land. This inert material is now distributed in some areas, in the form of landfill, often referred to as wastelands or dump tuck, and occupied this area: Folding Lismir – Kuzmin 780 ha, folding Shipitullë – 136 ha, folding deep Lugu 437 ha, folding Vasilevo 157 ha, folding Palaj 49 ha. From the above data results that the degraded land from wastelan...

Forecast of international experts shows that by the end of the first quarter of this century there will be about 20-30% less copper produced from natural resources in relation to consumption (needs) in the world. Therefore, it is planned to compensate for the lack of processing of raw materials with recycling of technogene waste, which contains copper. In this respect the planned implementation of this process (technological process) has a special significance, especially as the processi ng of these raw materials,...

The Alborz range, surrounding the south Caspian basin, forms a composite orogenic belt and has suffered shortening and uplift through several tectonic events from the Late Triassic Cimmerian orogeny to the present day stage of convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates. The central Alborz, comprises main ly Tertiary rock formations, is an intensively deformed portion in which deformation is accommodated on major reverse faults. These faults are transversely crosscut by several NE- and NW- trending strike-...

Significant economic mineralizations of Kosova territory are hydrothermal deposits of Pb-Zn. These deposits are located mainly in northern and eastern part of Kosovo, the so- called Trepca ore belt, which has a longitudinal stretch about 80 km and consists of a number of mineralized deposits and occurrences. In the geological context, this ore belt is part of the Vardar zone and associated with volcanic and sub volcanic rocks. Most of these deposits are located in the sequences carbonate and other rocks of differe...

The main topic of the article is mineralogical research in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin. This work summarises new knowledge for the 2002 – 2009 period, five new minerals were identified in the basin in the interval: anorthite, esseneite, ferrierite, melilite, and srebrodolskite. The second object of the article is the situation of important localities of the Krušné Hory Mountains. Main attention is devoted to a newly discovered amethyst locality Černý Potok.

Some 100 core samples of coal and coaly units from the Pliocene succession (Hotam Д±Еџ Formation) were collected from well KK-147, in the southern part of Central Turkey (KarapД±nar-Konya). 30 samples were screened for total organic carbon (TOC) content. Selected samples were then analyzed by Rock -Eval Pyrolysis. Visual kerogen analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements were also undertaken. Detailed data from thick Pliocene sediments made it possible to construct an organic facies framework using different ...

This study was carried out in Golbasi (Ad Д±yaman) region (SE of TURKEY), which owns rare coal formations in the region. Chemical, petrographic analysis and organic geochemical evaluations of the Tertiary aged coals were taken into consideration. Coal quality investigation along with proximate (m oisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash) and elemental analyses (C, H, O, S, N) were performed and revealed. The huminite reflectance of organically abundant matter and coal levels were found to be between 0.30 and 0....

The studied area is situated about 70 Km in west of Damghan, and from the structural point of view, the area is part of south of central Alborz zone. Granitoid bodies intruded into late Eocene volcanic and volcanoclastic, mainly composed of monzonite and granite composition. Mineralogically, these rocks contain qua rtz, plagioclase, alkali- feldspare, amphibole, clinopyr oxene, biotite, zircon, apatite, and opaque minerals. Textures of rocks are microgranular and fi eld and textural evidences show that the plutone...

Detailed petrographic studies, whole rock geochemistry and in situ U-Pb geochronology of syenite from Iwo area of the southwestern Nigeria has been performed. The results indicate that the syenite is metaaluminous belonging to the calc-alkaline magmatic series whose parental melt was derived fr om melting of the upper mantle/lower crustal source. Precise U-Pb dating of zircons is done by LA-ICP-MS and age of 625 В± 6.1 Ma is obtained. The field and petrological i nvestigations show that the syenite was emplaced sy...

Artova ophiolite complex is located along the North western and east margin in Yozgat (Turkey). The Mn-deposits in the Derbent an d Eymir areas are part of this ophiolite complex. These deposits, both banded and lenticular forms, are hosted by radiolarite and are generally overlying volcanics. Braunite, jacopsite, psilomelane and goethite are main constituents of the manganese ores in Eymir (Sorgun-Yo zgat) and manyetite, manganite, pyrolusite and goethite are main constituents of the manganese ores in Derbent (Ma...

A similar succession of Foliation Inflection/In tersection Axis trends preserved within porphyroblasts (FIAs) is present in two areas separated by 200 km along the Rocky Mountains. PreCambrian rock s in Central Colorado and Northern New Mexico were affected by deformation and metamorphism from approximately 1506 to 1370 Ma. A succession of five FIAs trending W-E, SSW-NNE, NNW-SSE, NW-SE and WSW-ENE has been distinguished in Central Colora do that have been dated at 1506В±15 Ma, 1467В±23 Ma, 1425В±18 Ma, not dated ...

The original method for the assessment of risk of geodynamic processes in mountain areas was developed. The proposed indices are as follows: relief structural stages, degree of tectonic break, stru ctural intersection nodes of faults, tectonic valleys, the intensity of slope processes, permafrost f eatures, and landscape differentiation of the territory. The geodynamic indices were estimated with factor maps of the GIS-project using the analysis of morphotectonic block structure, and the field geomorphological and...

The Maastrichtian aged Dikmendede Formation in the Orhaniye (Kazan-Ankara) area formed in a deep-marine environment. The formation consists of alternating green, grey-coloured turbiditic conglomerate, sands tone, shale, claystone and marl. The unit has typical flysch features and has sediment ary structures such as thin/thick bedding, normal graded bedding, erosional surfaces, flut e casts, load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, bounce marks, slump structur es and numerous biogenic traces. The conglomerates ...

Sedimentary analysis was based on formati ons of inferior Molasse which belong to Burdigalian and Badenian, being performed in representative natu ral claddings from Prahova, Romanian area. Complete successions of Variegated Formation and Globigerina – bearing Tuffs and Marls Formation may be followed in V. Mare – Alunis and Slanic–Piatra Verde Quarry (Prahova). The Variegated Formation is mostly ruditic– arenitic at its base, grading into a silty–lutitic sequence at the top. It mainly consists of conglo...

The most recent glacial period span in the interval 110,000 to 10,000 years ago. Recent geomorphologic studies in the Eastern Thracian plane have shown significant change in the sedimentation rates since the Younger Driass (between 10,800 and 9500 BC), which may provide a new inside on the climatic evol ution of the region. It was found that all local rivers are in an aggradation phase, depositing up to 3 m thick mudstone deposits on top of a colder climate’s well-washed, coarse sandstones. The aggradation resul...

In this paper the results of sedimentological analysis of coal in 2010 at the lokality Petka (western coal basin Kostolac). Are presented variations of petrographic composition of coal matter (lithotypes, microlithotypes and macerals), mineral admixtures (clay, aleurite and marl) and locally occurring epigenetic mineralizations. The Kostolac Neogene Basin (Figure 1), cont aining three tick lignite beds of Pontian age[1] is one of important energetic resources of Serbia and is the bases for operating two lignite-fi...

The Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone repr esents the relicts of the Late Mesozoic- Early Cenozoic Neotethyan Ocean in N Turkey. This suture zone marks the boundary of amalgamated S Eurasian and N Gondwanan continents and is characterised by the presence of ophiolitic melanges and ophiolite s. Two different ophiolitic melanges may be distinguished in this zone based on their metamorphic grade. Unmetamorphosed melanges are widespread along the suture zone whereas metamorphic melanges occur only at a structurally lo...

The new lab facility at the Ge ological Institute of the Bu lgarian Academy of Sciences was set up in the end of 2009. The main equipment consist a state of the art PerkinElmer ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS and New Wave Research UP-193FX excimer laser ablation system. Combined together, it is a precise instrument for geochemical research and geochronology. One of the leading research topics is quantitative determination of trace and ultra trace elements in rocks together w ith their age dating clar ification. We report our fi...

The submitted paper describes th e issues of interdeposit sa nd collector in the central part of the Most Basin in the area of J. Sverma and Vrsany open pit mines. Interdeposit sands are hydrogeologically significant collector and both mines come into contact with this collector during the coal mining. Collector of interdeposit sands is deposited between the upper bench and the main bench of coal seam. Sands create large and powerful complex of irregular layers. There are frequent changes of thickness and permeabi...

Dinarido-Albanido-Hellenic folded alpine belt is interpreted as a result of Mesozoic - Cenozoic convergence and continental collision of a series of micro-blocks localized between the Eurasian and African plates. The ophiolites of the Balkan Peninsula are particularly formed in the ocean basins wh ich were divided by micro-continents during the Mesozoic period and they are products of the Mesozoic - Cenozoic obduction. The Vardar Ophiolites from the region of Gjilan are covered by a chaotic sequence, well stratifi...

Every cyclic geological phenomenon may sugge st a structural image of the geological time. The dynamic cycles with very long periods can characterize the whole geological time, but especially the Precambrian. The cy cles with periods between 4 and 26 Ma are useful for the temporal individualization of th e Phanerozoic and the cycles with a short periods are very representative for Cenozoic. But the Earth’s geological history also provides a good perspective over the cosmic time through a super-mega-cycle (~2.56 ...

The aim of this paper is to show the possi bilities, how effective use GIS for modelling of mineral deposits, for example of brown coal deposit NovГЎky. The work results - seam base model and seam thickness model, ash content and heat value of coal presented in the ArcGIS are an example of a modern appr oach to the processing of geological data. The form of presentation offered by GIS allows much more efficient deposit data processing and provides greater op portunities for planning and optimization mining activit...

Geographical information systems (GIS) are commonly understood as information systems serving for effective saving, actualiz ing, manipulating, analyzing, modelling and presenting geographically oriented da ta. Treatment of geological information through GIS comes together with several problems. Right and effective analysis of complex system of surface and undersurface objects requires whole specific data gamut, which are typical for geological sphere. It is possible to solve questions connected with qualitative a...