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The story of the evolving development of urban-landscape theory, planning, and design is like the evolving perceptions and advancing knowledge in mathematics, anthropology, geography, and ecology. In the mid-90s, the theory of landscape urbanism appeared in the West, according to which the structure of cities is determined by landscape factors more than architecture. Landscape urbanism describes "the ability to produce urban planning effects traditionally achieved through the construction of buildings, simply thro...

In a world faced with the twin challenges of increasing urbanization and climate change, it is paramount to re-think cities so that they are able to face the pressures these changes will bring. Smart Green City goes one step beyond smart cities and is committed to caring for the environment. The Smart City, undoubtedly, has many advantages, and the implementation of all the technology associated with it is almost immediate. However, there is another emerging concept that, although it has less relevance, is also ve...