Browse

Changing climatic conditions in urbanized areas enormously impact the quality of life in urbanized areas. Persistent prolonged dry periods, extreme downpours with heavy heaviness or prolonged rainfall are an extreme problem for effective water management in cities. Extreme weather changes also risk the environment when infiltrating or relieving highly contaminated water from the first run-off. These wastewaters are a potential source of groundwater and surface water pollution in which various pollutants are concen...

Due to the historical development of individual regions in Slovakia, there are still areas without access to public water networks. The main reason is the challenging and uneconomical construction of public networks in scattered rural settlements. The small wastewater treatment plants have gained popularity in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The increasing adoption of decentralized wastewater management is a result of the scattered layout of numerous rural settlements, presenting economic challenges, technical...

In recent decades, small domestic wastewater treatment plants have become popular in rural areas of the Slovak Republic. The reason for the expansion of decentralized wastewater management is that many rural areas have scattered settlements, and a centralized wastewater disposal system is economically, technically demanding, and inefficient. The disadvantage of using small domestic treatment plants in terms of environmental protection is that these facilities have yet to be significantly monitored. Due to improper...

Due to the population increasing in urban settlements, the use of the territory and the surface variability of urban settlements are changing rapidly. The development of areas covered with impervious materials contributes to accelerating the runoff process, intensifying surface runoff concentration and the concentration of surface runoff pollution. Surface runoff from urban catchments can be characterized as the primary source of the receiving water's pollution during torrential rains. The aim of the paper is to o...

The inhabitants produce the sump waters and accumulate temporarily in the sumps. This is sewage that must be treated before it is discharged to surface waters. Slovak legislation does not allow the discharge of such waters into the soil. The possibilities of sump water treatment are given by the water management equipment of the given locality where sewage water is produced. The most common treatment method is transported at municipal wastewater treatment plants, which are, however, largely congested. In many case...

Combined sewerage is the most widespread method of wastewater management in the world. Sewage and rainwater are discharged through a combined piping system, which affects overloading the sewer networks during extreme rains. This method of wastewater disposal is the oldest type of sewerage. At present, this method is described as less suitable in opposite to rather on the construction of a divided sewerage system, where wastewater and rainwater flow through separate pipes. The main disadvantage of the combined sewe...

Waste treatment is considered one of the critical environmental issues. Waste should be understood not only as a source of pollution but as a raw material. Nevertheless, we need well-sorted waste for recovery. Separate collection of municipal waste is an activity in which components of municipal waste are separated. It is based on the conscious activity of citizens, who primarily sort the relevant raw materials. At present, the citizen is obliged to sort waste by law in Slovakia, and the municipality is obliged to...

Sewerage networks form an integral part of urban infrastructure. It is necessary to reconsider the outdated concept of sewer networks and rainwater management in cities that do not meet sustainable development ideas. The new understanding of rainwater management needs to be adapted to the new environmental conditions caused by climate change. The occurrence of pluvial floods has recently become an increasingly common phenomenon. The reasons are outdated sewer networks, rapid urbanization, an increase in impervious...

The purpose of mathematical modeling of runoff flow in sewer networks is to assess the hydraulic capacity and monitor their behavior in different conditions to predict the future state. Models of sewer networks are part of the design process. Their advantage is the possibility of simulating the future state of the network and the precipitation and runoff process in the context of climate change. With the help of simulations, it is possible to anticipate future conditions in the river basin and thus effectively des...

The development of urban areas, transport, and technical infrastructure is one of the natural phenomena that have been going on for several centuries. In recent years, due to migration population in many developed countries occurs a rapid increase of impervious areas in urban agglomerations. The rapid development of an impervious surface can cause changes in the hydrological and climatical characteristics of the area. As a result of these changes, surface runoff is creating. Surface runoff is an area source of pol...

By building artificial landscape elements, significant changes occur in the spatial structure of the city. The intensification of the formation of paved surface changes the hydrological characteristics of the area. Impermeable surface prevents the penetration of atmospheric waters into the soil horizon, which causes an increase in the volume of runoff, flood peak, and pollution loads in urban stormwater. As a consequence of this phenomenon, during heavy rains, a critical part of the city may be flooded. To reduce ...

Stormwater presents a significant problem in urban areas, especially in large cities. The intensified formation of impermeable surface leads to suppressing permeable-vegetation areas and, subsequently, substantial changes in the area's hydrological, environmental, and ecological characteristics. By changing the city's spatial structure, there may be an increase in flood peak, volume of runoff, and rising pollution in urban stormwater. As a result of this phenomenon, the aquatic environment can be degraded by chang...