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When designing hydraulic, power and civil structures, special attention is paid to the study of the stress-strain state (SSS) of foundations from the soil environment. The operation of such structures often leads to changes in the SSS of the soil base, which can affect their stability. It is known that the SSS of soil bases significantly depends on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, hydrogeological conditions of the environment and the type of loads, in particular on the filtration of groundwater, ma...

Hydrological modelling has long been recognised as an essential tool for understanding and predicting water dynamics, particularly in regions where long-term observational data are limited. In Latvia, significant advancements have been made in the development of hydrological models, with the METQ model family becoming one of the most widely applied for the simulation of runoff and groundwater level regimes. Initially developed in the 1980s, METQ has been continuously refined to improve its predictive capabilities,...

Sulina channel is one of the three arms of the Danube, through which the river outflows into the Black Sea. At the same time, this is an important navigation waterway, since it is the main entrance from the Black Sea in the seventh Pan-European transportation corridor, represented by the Maine-Rhine-Danube navigation system. Hence, high navigation traffic is noticed, which was significantly increased in the last years. On the other hand, this area often faces severe weather conditions with high gradients in the en...

The paper presents a trend analysis in monthly precipitation, air temperature (average, minimum and maximum), air temperature range, potential evapotranspiration, drought and water balance over Romania using data from 156 weather stations. The recently released, freely available RoCliHom dataset has been used for this purpose. Trend analysis was conducted with the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test, as it allows a direct comparison with the vast majority of previous studies on climatic changes in Romania. Our results...

Industrial activities in the Jiu River basin, especially coal mining, have generated a significant impact on water quality over time, by releasing variable concentrations of heavy metals into the environment. This paper analyzes the trends of variation over time of the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Jiu River, considering the direct influence of the extractive industry in the area. The study is based on data collected from multiple water quality monitoring campaigns, covering an extended period, and aims t...

Babina Agricultural Enclosure is located in the northern sector of the Danube Delta near the Chilia branch, has undergone significant transformations over the decades. Originally designed as part of a large-scale aquaculture system, this area was later converted into agricultural land during the intensive land reclamation projects of the mid-20th century. However, following ecological rehabilitation programs initiated in the 1990s, Babina has regained its prominence as a important site within the Danube Delta Bios...

Water discharges, suspended load and hydrochemistry for 35 inflows of largest Caucasian Lake Sevan were measured 3 times in different hydrological seasons during 2024 and 2025. During summer most of small streams dried out while in winter a number of rivers were frozen into the bottom. The water discharges varied from 0.01 in summer to 8.02 m3/sec in spring. Large natural inflows are Argichi, Dzknaget, Gavaraget, Masrik rivers with water discharges in spring 8.0, 6.3, 4.5, 2.8 m3/sec correspondingly. By the end of...

This study explores the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify groundwater retention potential within a 130 km- study area, leveraging high-precision LiDAR measurements and data from 150 wells. By integrating advanced geospatial technology with extensive field data, this approach offers a unique methodology for analyzing groundwater retention. AHP was employed to assess several key geographical factors, including the Topographic Position Index (TPI), slope, hydrographic network density, la...

The fish farming infrastructure in the Danube Delta, including the Popina Fish Farm Enclosure, has been significantly impacted by environmental factors, particularly due to climate change. Located in the northeastern part of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, near the Chilia arm and the Black Sea, this enclosure once played an important role in aquaculture activities. Currently, the main threat to the area is the high water levels of the Chilia arm, which place constant pressure on the protective dykes, increasin...

Global climate change is intensifying hydrological variability and water scarcity, increasing the need for adaptive irrigation in small agricultural catchments. This study applies the analogue-river approach to evaluate the irrigation potential of the small lowland Kulpe River in northern Lithuania, which lacks discharge observations. Long-term flow data (2006 2021) from the hydrologically similar Daugyvene River were used to estimate the Kulpe s discharge parameters. The mean annual discharge was 1.18 m /s, corre...

The combination of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, comprehensive trend analysis, and standardized pan evaporation measurements creates the capability for understanding and predicting regional evaporation dynamics in the context of climate change in this study. Based on the thorough examination of this study in the Slovak Republic's Vah river basin the K-means clustering analysis revealed three different patterns of evaporation behaviour (1.5-3.2 mm/day); the seasonal analysis revealed that peak evap...

The research was carried out to examine the influence of tributary inflows on the hydrochemical properties of the Svete River, which traverses intensive agricultural regions. Sixteen monitoring sites were selected along the main channel and at major tributary junctions. Water samples were collected monthly from surface layers (0 5 cm) over a one-year period, and concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and selected metals were evaluated. A multi-parameter probe and an inductively coupled plasma optical ...

Floods are among the most common natural disasters in Slovakia, often causing extensive material damage and posing a serious threat to human lives. Given their frequency and potential negative consequences, it is essential for municipalities to have an effective flood risk management system in place. Municipal preparedness for flood management is a key factor in minimizing damage and involves various measures, such as the implementation of an early warning system, the development of evacuation plans, systematic pu...

This article analyzes the impact of flood events on fire brigade response activities concerning vehicles using alternative energy sources, with a particular focus on electric vehicles. Given the increasing number of electric vehicles and the observed rise in the frequency and intensity of floods attributed to climate change, the probability of these vehicles becoming submerged is increasing, posing specific challenges for fire brigades. The analysis focuses on the risks associated primarily with electric shock and...

This study assesses low-cost biochars produced from locally available agricultural residues, corn (BC-corn) and straw (BC-straw), as reactive sorbents for in situ groundwater remediation of vinyl chloride (VC). Biochars were obtained by slow pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and characterized by N2-BET at 77 K, CHNS, FTIR, XRD, and SEM/EDS. Sorption experiments were performed at 20+/-2 C in a synthetic aqueous matrix and in Danube alluvial groundwater containing elevated VC (11.6 to 17.8 ug/L) with typical backgrou...

Romania and the Republic of Moldova have a long-standing tradition of grape cultivation, one of the agricultural sectors that is highly sensitive to climate change. As the growth and development of grapevines are strongly dependent on the regional bioclimatic dynamics, this study presents projected climatic changes over Romania and the Republic of Moldova under three of the latest climate scenarios. The analysis focuses on ten biometeorological indices relevant to grapevine development (e.g. mean annual air temper...

Under climate change conditions, irrigation is a crucial factor for achieving sustainable yields, especially during the hot and dry summers. Irrigation possibilities and sustainability in terms of arable land determine the primary importance for the selected pilot area, as representative of agriculture in the Upper Thracian Lowland. The conditions in the region of Asenovgrad are suitable for cultivating perennial and spring crops, with irrigation water primarily supplied by the following dams: the 40 Izvora, Lenov...

According to Albania's geographical classification, the Mati River belongs to the North Central Highlands. From a climatic perspective, this region is characterized by significant variations in temperature and precipitation due to its diverse geographical altitudes, ranging from 1800 meters above sea level to 0 meters at the estuary. Hydrographically, the Mati River basin is distinguished by a dense network of water courses, particularly in its middle and lower sections, where ultrabasic formations dominate. Addit...

The Baltic Sea Region faces increasing pressure on water resources and ecosystems due to human activity, with nutrient rich treated wastewater discharges being a main cause of eutrophication. Combining algae-based nutrient removal with reclaimed wastewater reuse provides a sustainable solution to reduce pollution while allowing algal biomass recovery for further applications. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate possibilities to use algae cultivation as a tool for nutrient removal from treated wastewate...

The river Iskar is the object of study. The development aims to update the technological scheme of the resource of surface water bodies for a new reference climatic period (1991-2020) and estimate the annual average values at the end of each water body. For the study, 20 gauging stations were used, which currently represent the NIMH monitoring network in the catchments of the streams on which the resource is based. In terms of area, the stations cover the whole catchment relatively evenly. For the study, the annua...

The presented scientific study analyzes the long-term regional trends in the intra-annual distribution of river flow in selected catchments in Kazakhstan: the Buktyrma River - Lesnaya Pristan village, Zhabay River - Atbasar city, Ulken-Kobda River - Kobda village, located in the basins of the Buktyrma, Esil and Zhaiyk rivers, respectively, from 1985 to 2022 years. The river basins were selected as regions characterized by different geographical features of flow formation, significantly affected by climate change. ...

Accurate forecasting of reservoir inflows based on historical data is essential for effective water resources planning and management. Water flow forecasting presents a major challenge due to the nonlinear, non-stationary, stochastic, and highly noisy nature of water flows in rivers and inflows into reservoirs. These complex characteristics hinder the modeling process and limit the effectiveness of conventional prediction methods, making it difficult to achieve high accuracy results. This study explores the use of...

Heavy metals as persistent pollutants of the aquatic ecosystems become a global issue of concern and are consistently increasing due to urbanization and industrialization. The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metals content in the water of the Mati River. Heavy metal levels were monitored during 2024 on four campaigns along the Mati River. Water samples were collected from five stations, covering the whole watershed area. Sample analyses were performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, (GF-AAS). This ...

Hydrological droughts are formed by different processes, but how strong and heterogeneous they are, leading to different hydrological droughts characteristics and propagation. Droughts have no distinct starting date, but different methods gives a course of action that may help to identify dry signals and possible, drought conditions for drought early warning and predict to some certain level the magnitude and water required for hydrological drought recovery. We choose hydrological drought indices system that are a...

Floods are worldwide among the most significant natural hazards. They can result from various causes, including severe storms, intense or prolonged rainfall, and landslides. The damage they cause is substantial, both economically and in terms of human life and wellbeing. Modern technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), offer wide-ranging opportunities in this domain. AI can help forecast the weather, rainfall amounts and intensity, and other variables influencing flood occurrence. When integrated in...

Climate change intensifies concurrent drought and heat stress in viticulture across Central Europe. This study assessed vineyard ecosystem stress using integrated multi-parameter monitoring over 31 months (May 2023 November 2025; n=43,763 observations). A composite Ecosystem Stress Index (ESI) integrating Vapor Pressure Deficit (30%), depth-weighted soil water availability (40%), and soil temperature gradient (30%) was developed. The year 2023 exhibited healthy baseline (mean ESI=0.1375; only 1 stress day). The ye...

Sustainable land use and resource planning are essential for reconciling resource extraction with environmental protection, particularly in mining regions. This study examines the integration of hydrological analysis into sustainable land-use planning, with a specific focus on the Bogdanka SA coal mine in Poland. The objective is to identify limitations in current hydrological methodologies and to propose enhancements that support more effective resource management. The paper reviews critical components of hydrolo...

Smart cities represent an emerging model of sustainable urban development built on digital technologies that improve resource efficiency, urban management, and public safety. This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into smart city systems with a focus on enhancing emergency preparedness and supporting long-term sustainability. The research identifies gaps in the structured use of AI tools within urban crisis management and evaluates current applications through qualitative analysis of A...

Constructed wetlands provide a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach to wastewater treatment; however, their efficiency in phosphorus removal often remains insufficient to meet current discharge standards. Chemical precipitation using aluminium-based coagulants has been proposed as a promising solution. In this study, laboratory-scale columns were constructed to simulate French and Austrian types of constructed wetlands and operated in two experimental phases. During the first phase, wastewater w...

Anthropogenic induced changes in the Earth-s surface are commonly addressed as land use/land cover change. Activities such as agriculture, forestry, transport and house building use the land and change its natural state and functions. The impact of land-use change is associated with changes in the infiltration rate of the soil, soil texture and evapotranspiration thus affecting the hydrological response of watersheds. In this paper a study on the influence of land use changes on the hydrological regime of Osam riv...

Lake Liepaja, a shallow lagoon-type lake located in the temperate climate zone, is affected by persistent ecological pressures, including nutrient enrichment, sediment contamination, and climate variability. This study presents an overview of long-term water quality dynamics based on monitoring data from the Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre (2001-2023), interpreting key physical and chemical indicators as evidence of broader ecological trends. Multi-year records of physicochemical parameters wer...

At present moment, Bulgarian regulatory documents lack rainfall hyetographs that can be used in computer models of sewer networks. In the conditions of climate change and the occurrence of extreme precipitation phenomena, this leads to difficulties in the application of sewer network modeling in solving engineering problems. It is not possible to perform a normatively defined determination of hydraulically overloaded sections of the sewer network, as well as to determine the expected frequency of flooding and floo...

Within a catchment, evapotranspiration is considered the loss component of the water budget. High mountain basins of high precipitation and low air temperature are essential for the recharge of water resources available to lowland settlements. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the dynamics of water resources in mountainous areas, particularly due to the lack of measurements and the expected impacts of global warming. The aim of this study is the analysis, evaluation, and modeling of evapotranspiratio...

Impact assessments of climate change commonly use either synthetic or downscaled meteorological data. Many meteorological variables are missing or uncertain in such an approach. In this paper, it is shown that in such studies, this limits the use of classical reference ET0 models, e.g., the FAO-56 Penman Monteith model, which require several climatic data inputs. The objective of this study was to assess the capability of the minimal-input approach to predict ET0 and irrigation water requirements solely from tempe...

Modern water quality monitoring in reservoir systems increasingly involves the use of multiparameter sensors and mobile measurement platforms capable of providing accurate, high-resolution data in both spatial and temporal domains. This study presents the results of a field campaign conducted at the Dobczyce Reservoir in southern Poland, where two complementary measurement strategies were employed: manual vertical profiling at fixed points, and continuous near-surface monitoring during in-motion transects using a ...

The estimation of aquifer parameters is a critical issue in groundwater modeling. Traditionally, these parameters are determined using manual curve-matching techniques. However, the accuracy of these methods heavily relies on the modeler-s expertise, which can lead to graphical or human-induced errors. To address these challenges, a coupled simulation-optimization framework is proposed for identifying the hydrogeologic parameters of unconfined aquifer systems. In the simulation phase of the proposed framework, dra...

Climate change represents one of the major environmental problems of our time (IPCC, 2021), significantly affecting plant water regimes and agricultural production. Increased temperatures, prolonged droughts, and unpredictable rainfall patterns lead to reduced soil water availability (Allen et al., 1998), increasing the urgency for efficient and precise irrigation management. As traditional methods based on soil moisture or empirical models become less effective under variable climatic conditions (Jones, 2004), th...

Within the framework of the iAMP-Hydro EU project, two dedicated work packages address the challenges of inflow and power forecasting for both run-of-river hydropower plants and large hydropower reservoirs. These tasks aim to improve short-term and medium-term operational planning by integrating advanced data-driven techniques into hydrological forecasting chains. Five initial validation sites, three located in Spain and two in Greece, were analyzed using a suite of statistical and machine learning techniques, inc...

Peatlands are crucial carbon sinks, but their degradation through extraction and drainage results in substantial greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem disruption. This study investigates groundwater level dynamics in a 16.4-hectare extracted peatland in Central Latvia to assess hydrological conditions relevant for restoration. Groundwater levels were monitored from May 2023 to May 2024 using TD-Diver loggers installed in six wells. The data reveal pronounced spatial and seasonal variability, with precipitation an...

This study investigates the influence of meteorological variables on evapotranspiration (ET) using a novel lysimeter design. ET was measured with three specially constructed lysimeters made from water containers equipped with geotextile bags filled with sand and colonized by grass cover (Red fescue and Perennial ryegrass). The use of geotextile lysimeters provides a simple and robust tool for ET quantification under outdoor conditions and also reflects the structural principle of evaporation beds (ET-beds), used f...

The present article assesses the reliability of a water supply system that is fed by one of the large dams in Bulgaria and supplies water to three large settlements in the northeastern part of the country. The system consists of a water main with a length of about 25 km and three pumping stations. For each of the settlements that are supplied by this water supply system, the water has to be pumped by pumping stations to the pressure reservoirs. In recent years, the region has been experiencing significant drought,...

The most effective way to ensure drinking water quality and protect public health is the implementation of a preventive, risk-based approach to water supply management. This approach encompasses all stages, from the water source to the consumer, and can be applied across all water supply systems, regardless of their size. The EU Drinking Water Directive (Directive (EU) 2020/2184) emphasizes the importance of this concept. This study assesses and analyzes the risk of groundwater contamination at the water supply so...

The sludge layer formed during the first stage of French vertical flow constructed wetlands is a crucial component in achieving high removal efficiencies of water pollution, including suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In the Czech Republic, persistent challenges with insufficient sludge layer development on the first stage have limited treatment performance due to the combined sewerage system. To address this, a pilot-scale experiment was conducted focusing exclusively on the form...

In the presented scientific work, a scenario forecast for the long-term perspective of water level changes in Lake Balkhash, one of the largest drainless lakes in Central Asia, is carried out. The study takes into account the impact of projected climatic changes based on CMIP6 data and the impact of socio-economic factors, including water management activities. A water balance model was used as the main tool to quantify the role of surface inflow, precipitation and evaporation in shaping the hydrological regime of...

Denitrifying bioreactors are devices used to treat agricultural run-off in situ. It is usually a trench filled with wood chips. The bioreactors work very well for their main purpose, which is reducing the concentration of nitrates entering the environment. But agricultural run-off contains not only nitrates, but also significant amount of pesticides and their metabolites, veterinary pharmaceuticals, etc. Fate of five pesticides (metolachlor, metazachlor, tebuconazole, glyphosate and epoxiconazole) during denitrifi...

The effects of climate change are affecting agriculture in many areas through changing weather, such as unexpected temperature swings and changes in rainfall that threaten food supplies and rural life. Western Romania has its own weather problems, such as long droughts mixed with unpredictable rains, and generally these conditions are starting to slow down agricultural production, which means farmers need to rethink the way they farm. When rains stop being reliable, groundwater can act as a buffer; it helps to kee...

The study aims to analyze the vulnerability of the water supply within the water resources management system of the Tundzha River basin. It evaluates available water resources and the possibilities for their management, with a focus on the hydrological efficiency and economic feasibility of management strategies, as well as the social implications of their implementation. The methodology includes the application of a water resources balance for the entire catchment to assess the correspondence between resources an...