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The article presents the laboratory settler tank to realization sedimentation process in counter-current or cross-current variant. The concept of a designed settler tank and showed in this article allows to compare them in these systems, define of the influence construction elements and influence of process parameters e.g. for velocity distribution in sedimentation space of settler tank. One of the researched elements which was presented was influence of geometric parameters of perforated tube and baffle on distri...

The research described in the article deals with the management of the water supply and sewerage system operation in the Czech Republic. It also examines the impact on the water price in individual cities. Firstly, the historical development of water management infrastructure was briefly outlined and models of water supply and sewerage systems management in various periods of the development of the Czech Republic were introduced. Individual models of water supply and sewerage system operation were described, namel...

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of functional membranes, suitable for the removal of heavy metal ions from synthetic wastewater, using various copolymers together with low amount of biosorbent. The membranes were obtained at room temperature by phase inversion. The kind of biosorbents were investigated, the 1st one based on nutrients and the 2nd one based on bioactive substances. The obtained functional membranes were characterized by different techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)...

Reasons for complete mixing of meromictic reservoir are an interesting scientific problem. There are many salt lakes of meromictic type. Water column in such lakes is not mixed down to the bottom for at least one year. So two layers are formed: an upper layer saturated with oxygen and a bottom layer without oxygen but with hydrogen sulphide accumulate. There is a water layer with large density gradient between them, while in the upper and near-bottom layers density gradients are small. In case of mixing of the upp...

Upper Volga basin is the most significant Upper Volga part of the Great Volga Route. Landscape-ecological studies were conducted on the regional (for the whole basin of the Upper Volga) and local levels (for key areas). The research covered the initial period of social-natural history of this region, from Stone Age till late medieval period. The research included processing and analysis of numerous published and archive materials of the area and subjects of studies, as well as complex landscape and historic-archeo...

In this study, activated carbon obtained from marine green algae biomass (AC-AB) was used as adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media. The effect of initial solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial Pb(II) ions concentration were studied in batch system, at room temperature (22 ? 1?C), to determined the optimum experimental conditions. Thus, an initial solution pH of 6.5, 4.0 g AC-AB/L and at least 60 min of contact time were found to be optimal experimental conditions for the retent...

Majority of existing simulation models is composed for simulate the pollution spreading (concentration) only downstream from the pollutant source. Consequence of this is that these models strictly require all the initial and boundary conditions (discharges, location and concentration of the pollutant). However, opposite problems may occur in practice: pollution concentration time courses in specific cross-section profile along a watercourse are known (e.g. based on the on-line monitoring), but pollution source loc...

As part of global monitoring of contaminants delivery to ecosystems via atmospheric transport it is valuable to investigate the accumulation of pollutants in lacustrine sediments, in particular in those remote from cities and industries as potential sources of pollution. Not only conclusions about human impact have been inferred from the proxies, but they also have been used to distinguish it from climatic-driven shifts. Three relict lakes Khotavets, Pogoskoye and Beloye in North-Western Russia have been cored and...

Water erosion is considered to be the most important factor behind the degradation of agricultural land, together with human activities such as tillage erosion. For this purpose, the empirical models (combined with GIS technologies) present valuable way how to localize and calculate the prone areas to erosion processes. This study deals with the assessment of the potential soil water erosion in two small catchments in the north-western part of the Czech Republic. The applied models are MUSLE (Modified Universal So...

Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services (ESs) is one of the most developing opportunities for presenting the relationship between natural capital and society. This method helps decision-makers and stakeholders in the complex evaluation of straightforward (provisioning) and more difficult to interpret (supporting, regulating and cultural) type of services, and to take them in account in decision making. This can be a significant step ahead in the proper assessment of non-material services, which could help optim...

Nowadays, in the entire world, we can clearly see the effects of climate changes. Indeed, during the last twenty years, climate-related and geophysical disasters killed around 1.3 million people and left a further 4.4 billion injured, homeless, displaced or in need of emergency assistance. From this framework, it is clear that we need policies to improve the resilience of our cities. Those ones are only some components of a more complex system that includes also natural elements, i.e. the territory. Therefore, in ...

Since last century, on our planet the global processes are activated thus significantly complicating the safe existence of the humans. The most dangerous natural hazards (out of 12) for Georgia are: flood, flash flow and mud stream, leading to huge financial losses and casualties etc. Flash flow is usual phenomena for all rivers of Georgia. Particularly mountainous river Rioni is one of them and characterized as high disastrous one. According the data of multiyear observations till the 1995 the flood had 5-6 years...

The current climate change, demographic problems and unequal territorial and seasonal distribution of fresh water supplies lead to a sharp expansion of the reservoir network. Subsequently, the negatives associated with the process are increasing: flooding of lands and infrastructure, impacts on climate, change of underground water regime, activation of landslide processes and rising population security risks. During designing of water reservoirs, they were not investigated and taken into consideration. The rationa...

In the context of reducing the significance of development of irrigated agriculture?s extensive factors, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the activation of factors providing intensive conditions for development and growth. This factor is the personnel potential of the industry. It is necessary to know the regulatory, scientific and practical foundations and the current state of the land reclamation industry to determine a more effective methodological approach to the formation of the ameliorative ...

The topic of assessing the efficiency of a public investment in a shipping lane involves a myriad of smaller units that can be examined in more detail. The aim of this paper is to focus on the group of public investments related to the shipping lane as an object of public interest. Nowadays, shipping lane enter the topic of public investment primarily as a possibility of reconstruction or modernization of the area so that it can be effectively used for social purposes. The impact of a given shipping lane as a publ...

The municipal solid waste landfill in Tychy, southern Poland consists of three sites, the old one, closed in 1994, and two others still being in use. The old part of the landfill has neither any bottom liner nor any leachate collection and treatment system. Moreover, the bottom of the closed site in the northern part is continuously above the groundwater table, therefore, pollution can easily release into groundwater causing deterioration of groundwater quality and the nearby river nearby. In order to assess the i...

The necessity for an integrated geographical approach to the study and modeling of ground-water dynamics in river floodplains is substantiated in the article. A preliminary and simplified classification of the types of annual ground and surface water level dynamics is proposed, which can serve as a basis for the differentiation of intrazonal floodplain landscapes. Thus differentiation is a scientific problem. In landscapes characterizing of the floodplains a descriptive approach prevails, and there are no quantita...

The article presents the methods of modeling two-phase flows. The widespread application of issues related to two-phase flows in industry encourages to familiarize with the methods of modeling this type of flows. The article presents basic mathematical models of two-phase liquid-solid flow on the example of sedimentation. In addition, numerical methods for simulating the sedimentation process are presented. Paper presents the possibility of using the Boltzmann method, the so-called Lattice-Boltzmann methods in mod...

Aquatic ecosystems of the Arctic are very sensitive to the climate change. Thermic processes inside and around water objects (lakes, rivers, wetlands) affected by endo- and exogenous factors and lead to talik formation and geoprocesses interaction and turnover. Hydrological and geophysical investigation in the Lena River delta have been carried out in spring and summer 2016-2018. Sublake and subriver taliks georadar and electrical resistivity tomography data were obtained in a field with following hydrological and...

Water level, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential and pH of Suceava River were monitored in 2018 and 2019 in order to assess the upstream-downstream evolution of these parameters and the impact of Suceava City on this river that divides its built area. The measurements were done automatically every hour with two AquaTROLL 500 instruments. This study focuses on analyzing distinct time intervals with typical and atypical fluctuations of the selected parameters as well as on identi...

The dams along with the accumulation lakes formed behind them are man-made water reservoirs for efficient use of the planet's water resources. The dams are big hydrotechnical structures in particular represents construction with very long duration of life and achieve their financial efforts imply particularly important. Over time, changes of external environmental factors may occur, which will influence the behavior of the dam. The environmentally aggressive conditions can be changed in relation to the material fr...

Sediment transport in rivers is posing a hazard to infrastructures and cities built along the river courses, especially in mountain areas. Awareness about this topic raised in the last decade and even the European Flood Directive in 2007 stated that particular attention should be devoted to ?areas where floods with a high content of transported sediments and debris floods can occur?. Authors are monitoring sediment transport in a 24km2 basin in Alps, Northern Italy, since 2016. This stream was surveyed multiple ti...

The human settlements in the Glavacioc river basin located in southern Romania are predominantly rural, the inhabitants occupied with agriculture and animal husbandry. The lack of proper facilities, legislative gaps, insufficient or non-existent control of environmental authorities, poor education regarding environmental protection, led to improper disposal of animal and household waste, permanent sources of soil and groundwater pollution in the area. Among the emitted pollutants the most dangerous are nitrates th...

The northern polar region is under the influence of cold temperatures, increasing the effect of snow Arctic aquatic ecosystems affected by climate warming as well as human impact. Different scenarios of climate change show a possibility of temperature increase on 1-2?C and more depending of CO2 emission accounting. All global models give significant valuation to the Arctic exactly. Aquatic ecosystems take several parameters that allow to save their inner stable state and resilience. According to water physical par...

Hyperalkaline (pH>10.5) springs are extremely rare. There are only about ten in the entire world. This type of water has been identified in an ultramafic massif in central Serbia, on Mt. Studena, during the course of investigations conducted in 2017. The investigations included prospecting, terrain mapping and sampling, followed by assessment of data collected in situ and from laboratory analyses. The hyperalkaline spring is of the ascending type, its yield is very low (~0.05 L/s), and the water emerges in a diffu...

In Czechia, climate change is already becoming a reality, and its consequences can be seen in the Czech countryside and landscape, but also in form of water shortages in water supply systems. In Hydrology, the most urgent problem is that the values of the long-term mean flows are decreasing in rivers as well as the yield of groundwater sources. One of the climate change adaptation measures is precise the reservoir capacity and reservoir operation policy in an uncertain condition. That means considered uncertainty ...

The most urgent and current problem facing humanity, at the moment is the deterioration of the environment, which generates a permanent diminution of the health and life of mankind. As has been seen since the earliest forms of life, mankind has fought continuously for competitiveness, profitability, well-being and progress, through all its actions and inactions, which ultimately did nothing but generate major damage to environmental factors: the atmosphere, water and soil, ultimately creating significant degradati...

A long-term prediction of coastal profile evolution is done basing on several years' measurements. The adopted diffusion model is first calibrated against real data obtained from over more than 20 years measurements, and then extrapolated. A realistic prediction is then made by solving numerically a diffusion equation with coefficients obtained by the extrapolated values. In previous studies, taking into account the time dependence of the coefficients, we were able to reduce to 10 years the number of time measurem...

Occurrence of flash floods (floods from intensive short-term rainfall) increased in last few years because of weather changes, mostly on the small catchments. Affected small catchments are characteristic with lack of information about hydrologic data, mostly no gauging and precipitation station are established there (it is impossible to warn inhabitants). Besides that, in Slovakia is common that house building is very close to the stream, therefore is impossible to change somehow river routing, or change the cross...

The article presents the results of monitoring the availability of the irrigation equipment?s production in the Russian Federation. On the basis of the conducted information and analytical studies, the data are presented on the structure of the irrigation equipment park, taking into account the availability and supply of Russian and imported equipment. A complex of engineering, technical, organisational and managerial measures has been developed, which is aimed at providing agricultural producers with domestic irr...

In this paper we focused on the analysis and evaluate of 40 well water samples, obtained in 2018 from the house wells in the village of Malinec (Slovakia). The village is situated in the Poltar district in the South Slovakia. The well water is used as drinking or sanitary water. The object of the research is to gain the complex values of the chemical quality and to compare the well water results with the results of water produced in the local water-work. The research showed that the quality of the well water in th...

Drought events are currently increasing in frequency and intensity all over the world as effect of climate change. One of the most related environmental issue is water resource scarcity, which is now becoming an emergency also for several industrialized countries in the Mediterranean area. In the summer of 2017, all Italian territory suffered from an extreme drought event that caused huge depletions of both groundwater and surface water availability. In particular, Bracciano Lake, which is one of the largest surfa...

Morphological processes of the fluvial channel are controlled by liquid and solid fluxes through hydraulic forces exerted by flow and sediment transport, erosion, and deposition [1]. Large river deltas are complex alluvial systems of outstanding social, ecological, and economical importance, deeply influenced by human activity: dam, groins and dikes construction, meander cutoff. Since the 1880s intensive anthropogenic disturbances have affected the channel of the St. George branch, the southern distributary of the...

The goal of integrated multidisciplinary research was to develop a model for estimating and forecasting the dynamics of phytoplankton depending on meteorological and hydrophysical parameters. The analysis of water samples from various horizons obtained in the Gorky reservoir from 2015 to 2018 was performed as an important part of the research. Samples were examined for the presence of algae using a Levenhuk microscope equipped with a digital camera and connected to a computer. The results of the identification of ...

The security of technical infrastructure in crisis situations can be divided into several areas that can affect its functions. The aim of this work was to focus on water infrastructure with regard to legal aspects set in the Czech Republic. Water is essential for economic growth, human health, and the environment. The main reason for the emergence of the crisis situation in parts of the water infrastructure is predominantly presence of a large amount of water (torrential rain, lightning flood, flood, increased wat...

Climate change is defined as a significant difference between two mean climatic states, with substantial impact on the ecosystem. Extreme climatic events, such as higher temperatures, more intense precipitation, increased drought risk and duration as well as cyclones and flooding in coastal areas, are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity. One of the possible indicators of water stress is sap flow measurement. For this experiment were used the apple trees in Nove Zamky, Slovakia. On stem were instal...

Despite the widespread use of sedimentation in the industry and numerous scientific works in this field, all factors affecting the process of sedimentation are still not sufficiently recognized. The sedimentation of fine-grained suspension must often be supported by a flocculation process or by using a multiflux filling. The particles of the solid phase of the suspension after the addition of the flocculant have the tendency to flocculate to form larger agglomerates, and thus their falling speed increases due to t...

In recent years, research and development works have been carried out in our country to create a modification of the sprinkler machine ?Kuban-L? with a set of equipment for controlling the sprinkling height (including the surface one), which allows reducing the average rain intensity and reducing the loss of irrigation water for evaporation and demolition by the wind. There are a number of issues that need to be clarified, despite the large degree of this product?s development such as the distribution of the quali...

Mathematical modelling is a powerful tool when it comes to studying and solving complex hydrological problems ? studying the hydrological regime in a changing environment, hydrological forecasting, flood risk estimation and etc. There are different types of hydrological models depending on their characteristics and an in-depth knowledge is needed to use the most appropriate one for a given purpose, e.g. evaluation, planning, forecasting. Indispensable part of building a trustworthy hydrological model is performing...

The fouling is closely related to the corrosion of materials, repeatedly increasing the speed and extent of damage to marine equipment and infrastructure. Therefore, it is very important to search for effective ways to combat corrosion and fouling, to prevent them. All this is impossible without a careful study of objects - fouling organisms. Bench testing with the application of test plates is the most available and widespread method to study the development of fouling. In the winter of 2018-2019 has been investi...

Adsorption on a suitable adsorption material is among the most frequently used methods in water treatment. In terms of plant operation, filtration (sorption) process represents a simple, effective and economical friendly method of heavy metals removal namely for the possibility of using a large scale of substances with a sorption ability ? sorbents. Oxides, oxyhydroxides and hydroxide containing iron are among the most frequently used sorbents of the heavy metals removal. The quality of the treated water (pH, sili...

In hydrosystem tailraces, behind end fixings of spillway facilities, scour basins of considerable depth and length are formed at high rates of the flow. This is associated with the violation of the extreme load mode during the construction and operation of hydrosystems, insufficient design length of fixings in tailraces, and inefficiency of installed baffles. Baffles based on soft water-filled shells are proposed as additional protection facilities of operating hydrosystem tailraces. The morphological analysis of ...

In recent years, oppression and even death of Baikal sponges has been noted. To monitor the state of the sponges and find out the reasons for their death, as well as to optimize the cultivation conditions and develop natural remediation measures, it is extremely important to have adequate biotesting methods based on changes in the physiological reaction of the sponges under the influence of adverse factors, including under the influence of various classes of pollutants. In view of the extremely low growth rate, va...

The aim of the present paper is to test intensity attenuation relationships for subcrustal earthquakes occurred in Vrancea (Romania) seismogenic zone in relation with some important dams situated in extra-Carpathian area. During centuries, the Romanian territory has been shaken by strong earthquakes, most of them being centered within Vrancea Zone, which is situated at the bending area of the South-Eastern Carpathians. Most of the zones from extra-Carpathian area are affected by the subcrustal seismic events, wher...

The aim of this article is the possible impact of climate change on the components of water balance. Climate change has a non-negligible impact on the hydrological cycle and water resources. In this paper, simulated changes in the water balance in the selected river basins due to climate change were estimated using the WetSpa model. Distributed rainfall-runoff model simulations are often used to evaluate the impact of changes on the generation of runoff and water balance. The parameters of the model were estimated...

The deteriorated state of the environment with various degrees of devastation in individual regions is negatively implicated in the health status of the population and the quality of the ecosystem. Inorganic contaminants, especially potentially hazardous elements, are a serious problem in all environmental compartments. Heavy metals also belong to the priority inorganic contaminants. Many of them act toxic in the terrestrial ecosystem, even at low concentrations. Their toxicity consists of replacing essential meta...

The water supply of the majority of Estonian settlements and enterprises is covered by groundwater, only two cities, Tallinn and Narva, are using surface water as a source of domestic water. Approximately 89% of the residents of Estonia use water from the public water supply systems. The water abstraction in Estonia diminished constantly in the 1990s, reaching the level of 130 million m?/y. During the last ten years, water abstraction has been fairly stable - groundwater in the range of 45-50 million m?/y and surf...

One of the most investigated topics in hydrology, during last decades, is climate change impact on hydrological cycle. Changes in the use of land is additional factor influencing hydrological regime and watershed run-off. To understand urbanisation and climate change cumulative impact on watershed run-off, modelling of different climate change and land use scenarios would be essential. The aim of this study is to investigate how watershed run-off of the Usma Lake, located in Kurzeme region of Latvia, will respond ...

The article deals with the regularity connecting the correlation type of the fractal dimension of the series of river flow with the climatic norm of the surface air temperature. The identified patterns in the increased fractal dimension of long-term river flow series at extremely low (sub-Arctic climatic zone) and high (sub-equatorial zone) climatic norms of surface air temperature are linked with its significant influence on the selective value of evaporation in comparison with the river flow. A map of the locati...

In terms of climate change and extreme events, the role of the complex water systems and reservoirs management is increasing. Under these conditions the management of the built water reservoirs is of primary importance for both: responding to high-wave and for ensuring the ecological flow and water consumption during drought periods. In order to improve the complex and significant reservoir management, it has been initiated a phased development of a Decision support system (DSS) with the appropriate modules. The u...