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A designed protection system should not fail once or under a small number of hits. Tests to assess ballistic protection are expensive and numerous. The simulations support engineers in limiting the number and complexity of impact tests. This paper discusses the failure mechanisms and simulated impact phases between a bullet (similar to 9 mm FMJ) and a panel made of 8-layers, 12-layers and 16-layers, at two impact velocities, 373 m/s and 420 m/s. respectively. The 8-layers and 16-layers simulations are compared to ...

The rapeseed oil is a promising eco-friendly lubricant for applications involving environment protection. But any vegetal oil has shortcuts especially related to low viscosity and thermal stability. Research in additivation with nanoparticles is of interest for improving load capability of the contact and for reducing wear. Other tribological characteristics, as friction coefficient, could oscillate around values offered by the neat vegetal oil, with more or less influence of the system behavior. The four-ball tes...