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Polish sedimentary copper ore located in Lower Silesia (SW Poland) consists of three lithological fractions: sandstone, dolomitic and shale. The main copper-bearing minerals are chalcocite, bornite and chalcopyrite. The main carrier of organic carbon is shale ore. This part of ore is the main reason for technological problems in a metallurgical process. However, shale ore is the part of copper ore which is the richest in copper and other accompanying metals such as silver, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt and other. The...

The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) in the global economy has incentivised many researchers to search for alternative sources of those metals. For many years fly ashes have been the subject of such research, which indicate that they might be fit for REE recovery. One of the primary problems with recovering those metals from fly ashes faced by process engineers is the form in which they occur. As research shows, REEs occur in fly ashes in the glass and other mineral components (e.g. monazite, xenotime and oth...

In Poland, like in many other countries, research is conducted toward creating sorbent materials based on fly ashes. The present shows the synthesis of fly ash from brown coal combustion in pulverised-fuel boilers of the Be?chat?w Power Plant. The synthesis was conducted in an autoclave using the hydrothermal method with alkaline activation. The conditions for the synthesis were: temperature of 170В°C, NaOH aqueous solution. The chemical composition of the fly ash as well as the products of the synthesis was deter...

Dielectric barrier discharge is low-temperature plasma generated in cases with an dielectric material between the electrodes. The demanding applied task of water treatment is the removal of heavy metal ions, including iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni), ions, from aqueous solutions. The authors of the paper designed a plasma reactor that allows the dielectric-barrier discharge treatment of a solution near the surface of the liquid in the flow-through mode, so that this method can be used for technological purposes. The inf...

In this study, alkaline leaching using sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate analysis was applied on different raw samples while the raw samples were digested to analyse the uranium content prior to leaching using successively ICP-OES. The recovery of Uranium is by use of very economical alkaline leaching method. Ore samples: 1436, 1437, 1439 and 1440 were investigated for leachability of radioactive metal prior to leaching using digestion methods. Sample 1436, 1437, 1439 and 1440 assayed 918, 1883, 1757 and 121...

Sydvatten AB operates the water plant Ringsj? Agency in Stehag, Southern Sweden, and the company has since the 1970s deposited waterworks sludge in the sludge landfill at R?nneholms Mosse (bog), Sj?holmen (WGS84 55В°48'46.1"N 13В°18'25.6"E). In order to handle the produced future waterworks sludge from Ringsj? there was carried out a trenching and stratigraphic study of Ringsj? Agency waterworks sludge. The aim of the project was to roughly determine the mass balance for Fe and Al for the basis of the results to d...

The production of a titanium sponge obtained by the reduction of titanium tetrachloride by magnesium is accompanied by the formation of a huge amount of chloride waste. They are annually stored in landfills - storages, polluting the environment. Consequently, one of the topical problems of titanomagnesium production is the processing of chloride waste. In Kazakhstan, there are a variety of sources of chloromagnesium raw materials for the electrolytic production of magnesium, but they are not used in the magnesium ...

Separation processes are highly influenced by medium in which separation is performed, particularly its rheological properties. One of the most important rheological parameter of medium is viscosity. Many researchers have noted the primary role of viscosity in separation processes. During classification of milled raw, with an increase in the viscosity of the medium (up to a certain limit), the overall productivity of the hydrocyclone increases and the distribution of liquid volumes leaving through the apex and vor...

The temperature makes considerable impact on gold-bearing minerals decomposition. So, by the Russian scientists on an example of May deposit concentrate it has been shown that the increase in temperature of a pulp to 34 - 36В°? intensifies oxidation of gold-bearing mineral - arsenopyrite: after the lapse of 48 hours oxidation degree arsenopyrite reached 95%. On the basis of studying kinetics biooxidation of sulphidic minerals by microorganisms association at various temperature modes in some research institutes of...

Agglomerate is a basic input materials for the production of pig iron in the blast furnace and has in integrated metallurgical cycle important place. Industrial production of agglomerate and pig iron is a material and energy intensive and at the same time it has a negative impact on the environment. The role of searching for new additional energy carriers for the metallurgical industry in Slovakia and in the world is highly relevant. For sinter plant it is typical that the amount and types of contaminants are very...

The energy security, the energy market and the climate change strategy characterize the current times. This forces us to seek new technologies and to modernize and intensify old technologies. The current strategy also significantly affects the blast furnace iron production and subsequently the production of agglomerate. Agglomerate production is closely related, from the ecological and energy points of view, with the production of coke, which is the basic fuel component of the agglomeration batch. That is coke bre...

In parallel with technological and scientific developments in the world, people's choice on the materials is changing. In the light of these developments, mankind's environmental awareness is also increasing and thus the people aim to live in natural environments. In recent years, natural stones have started to be used widely especially inside and outside of the buildings in big cities in Turkey and the world. The low block efficiency of rocks caused to move the production of artificial stone in the construction s...

With the current situation in world economy, rare earth elements are a valuable resource for many innovative technologies. Low supply of these elements and sparse mining sources concentrated in just a few countries caused REE to become a resource critical to the development of many high-tech branches of the industry. Although rare earth elements are widespread in the nature, due to their low concentration in most minerals, their processing based on flotation, gravity or magnetic separation of a concentrate is ofte...

Using of HCAC as a clearing material of hydrometallurgical productionпїЅs effluent. Hydrocarbonoaluminate of calcium is synthesized in the system CaO-Al2O3-Na2O-CO2. Such system is characteristic for high silicon content aluminum raw on alumina processing plants by sintering method as desilication reagent. By this method aluminatesпїЅ solution decomposition conducts by carbonization receiving of aluminium hydrate and sodium liquor. HCAC has developed surface, neutral pH, which let us using it as clearing material ...

The possibility to use complexing reagents-collectors in floating different rare-earth and rare-metal ore has been studied. A prognostic assessment has been performed of efficiency of organic heteropolar compounds as flotation reagents-collectors on the basis of moleculeпїЅs energy parameters. The interaction has been considered of rare-earth and rare-metal minerals such as eudialite, zirconium, loparite and columbite with complexing reagents. Gain in energy (??) has been calculated by computer modeling at formati...

In the present study it was evaluated the capacity of molasses for removing seven metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) from three types of waste: galvanic sludge (pH = 7.1 пїЅ 7.8), mineral residue from a lead metallurgical plant (pH = 5.0 пїЅ 5.8) from Baia Mare (Romania), and tailing pond residue from Aurul - Baia Mare (pH = 2.1 пїЅ 3.0). Several leaching tests were conducted in the laboratory in order to investigate the influence of molasses concentrations (0 %, 1%, 5%, 10%) on heavy metal leaching. It was o...

Due to their chemical, physical and mechanical properties, niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are strategically used in various technical applications. About 130 different minerals contain tantalum and niobium, of which only about 80 are found in economical deposits. The remainder contains Nb and Ta as impurities. The most commercialised source of Nb and Ta is a columbite-tantalite ore often referred to as coltan containing pyrochlorite. The Central African Mesoproterozoic Kibara belt in Katanga (Democratic Republic o...

The parameters of extraction from aqueous solutions into the organic phase of iron, aluminum, manganese and titanium are determined from the pH and concentration of the extractant when they are extracted with oleic and naphthenic acids, as well as olive and sunflower oils. The values of the thermodynamic functions of extraction equilibria with the participation of carboxylic acids and natural oils are taken as the basis for constructing the extractability series, which makes it possible to determine the thermodyna...

When coal preparation, particularly suitable for coking created considerable amounts of sludge. Most of the technological operations is taking place in water environment. Raw sludge at a time when technology was not yet at such a high level as today and emergency overflows were deposited in tailing ponds. This is practiced on coal districts in the Czech Republic and Poland. The purpose of this section was to analyze the possibility of another flotability of coal sludge deposited in settling ponds of company EKO CA...

History of exploitation of gold from Danube river sandy gravels is centuries long. Interesting on it continues to the 1970пїЅs. Extaction of heavy minerals (HM) concentrate was never intend. About 1 milion m3 of sandy gravels is exloited in Slovak part of Danube basin for construction usage. Production of HM concentrate with gold as by-product can improve economy of exploitation. With average content 6,55 kg of HM in m3 of sandy gravels there is possibility to produce about 6500 t of HM concentrate with up to 30 k...

The main objectives of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the impact of acid drainage, from the former Valea Vinului mine on the quality of Valea B?ilor creek and (2) to propose a treating method for the acid mine waters generated by the investigated mine. The waste waters sampled from the former Valea Vinului mine proved to be highly acidic having a pH between 3.1 and 5.2. The monthly fluctuation showed that during March 2016 and April 2016/2017 the waste waters were highly acidic. The acidic mine waters had...

In the present scientific work assessed current status of question about grinding stage effect to electrochemistry parameters of operation preparation slurry before intermediate selective flotation. Showed needs of more detail study chemical reactions in the slurry preparation and flotation processes.At example of Abiz deposit ores has been offer new methodology. The ores are polymetallic sulphide type and the one are most difficult for mineral processing. The methodology allows increase information base during fl...

The effectiveness of using different beneficiation techniques of low-grade iron ore deposits of Assen iron ore mine in Thabazimbi, South Africa has been investigated. The sample received was confirmed to be low grade haematitic iron ore containing (39.18% Fe and 40.29% Si) both lumps and fines. The most abundant gangue present was silica. The different beneficiation methods such as shaking table, drum magnetic separation and reverse flotation were compared on the basis of which one yields a better grade that can b...

The Rare Earth Elements (REE) have been classified as resources critical for the European Union and divided into: light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements. The demand for REE is constantly increasing, which is connected with the wide range of their applications. The article presents the results of research conducted to determine the concentration of Rare Earth Elements in fly ashes obtained from the combustion of coal at the Rybnik Power Plant. The concentrations were measured using the ICP-MS and S...

Slag is one of the by-products of energy industry which is suitable for secondary industrial processing. Although slag has been successfully used in industrial production for several decades its use does not achieve the level of its potential. This work describes the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali activated binders пїЅ geopolymers made of slag. The effect of mechanical activation on mechanical properties of geopolymers was examined. Mechanical activation was made with ball mill and different time o...

The paper presents a new method of determining the energy consumption for vibratory crushing. Using the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher with kinematic actuation of the jaws, the study of determining power consumption while crushing limestone and diabase was conducted. During the study, electrical energy used on the crushing process was measured as a function of changing design and kinematic parameters of the vibratory crusher, i.e.: jaws stroke, the outlet gap size and frequency of jaws vibration. The article pre...

In this study, the Springbok coalfields coal samples were collected and subjected to different temperatures ranging between 700-900 пїЅC under nitrogen atmosphere in order to investigate the effect of combustion on the mineral changes. The proximate analysis, calorific value of both raw samples and combusted were carried out. Characterisation and mineralogy of samples (1426, 1427, 1428 and 1429) carried out by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, FTIR and SEM incorporated with EDS. Calorific value (CV) ranging f...

The granulation process is a common method of increasing the size of grains of the bulk materials. Doing so allows to create a relatively stable structures, among others to facilitate material transport and reducing generated dust. The granulation process, however, is quite complex one, especially due to the variety of materials undergoing granulation (for example energetic materials or fertilizers) and the sensitivity of the process input parameters. The article presents an innovative method for studying the gran...

Many low grade iron ore deposits which were previously ignored are being treated due to depletion of high grade iron ore deposits. Haematite flotation concentrate from a reverse flotation of fluorspar tailings was characterised and agglomerated using bentonite and coke. The effect of bentonite and coke concentrations on mechanical strength and metallurgical characteristics of the wet and baked pellets was investigated. It was found that the concentrate contained 60.5% Fe, 4.24% silica and other minor elements. Maj...

Very fine crushing of hard and very hard materials, to product of particle size less than 2-4 mm at feed particle size of 50-200 mm, requires a very large energy inputs. This is mainly because of the need for at least three or even four degrees of crushing, containing: jaw, cone or impact crushers. One of the methods of reducing the amount of energy expended on the crushing process is reducing the number of crushers in technological line. By replacing a large number of less effective crushers with fewer machines b...

The search for prospective sources of rare earth metals (REM) is one of the most important problems of the EU economy. Currently, it is believed that the source of REM may be deposits of coals or by-products of their combustion. A particularly promising appear to be fly ash from the combustion of coal because of much higher concentration of REM than in the coal beds. These facts and the dependency of domestic power energy on coal was an impulse to undertake work to determine the feasibility of obtaining the REM fr...

In Poland information about landfills of power industry waste and the composition of waste deposited on them are largely dispersed. There is no data on the content of rare earth elements in ashes and slags. The article presents a developed information system allowing simultaneous access to a number of data on power industry waste landfills (location, technical and technological data) and data on the rare earth content in deposited ashes and slags. The article presents energy waste landfills (both historical and cu...

South Africa host massive deposits of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) in the Igneous Bushveld Complex. These deposits have been mined for a long time and in the process Mine sludge has been produced. It has been piled up and there is need to recover PGMs locked in it. The conventional way of processing PGMs has proved to be very difficult due to ultra-fines in the sludge that causes major loses during flotation. An alternative hydrometallurgical process for recovery of PGMs from a mine sludge by leaching using a mixt...

The process of reduce smelting of antimony concentrate to produce a rough antimony in 800-1000 пїЅC are studied. The possibility of obtaining rough antimony by melting without slags and melting with slag-forming fluxes are shown. Analysis of feed and product recovery was performed by atomic absorption method on devices Perkin Elmer 240 FSAA, as well as the method to photocolorimetry on SPEKOL 2000. Thermal analysis was performed on derivatograph Q-1000/D system F. Paulik, J. Paulik and L. Erdey firm "IOM" (Budapes...

It is known that the medium-grade and low-grade iron ores before the direct use in metallurgical furnaces are almost always concentrated. For ore-grain release all run-of-mine ore is crushed and milled. The result of such operations is a finely ground concentrates, which are then subjected to clotting. Among the known methods of clotting of the wide-spread high-temperature methods - sintering and pelletizing followed by baking raw pellets. During these processes, there is a partial removal of detrimental impuritie...

The fractional composition of the chamber product of sulfide flotation was investigated. Grain size of the product varies from 0.2 to 0.05 mm. The characteristic of mineral composition showed that forsterite content is about 53%. The amount of other silicates (pyroxenes and garnets) is more than 20%. Two morphological generations of baddeleyite have been identified, it will be necessary to take into account physical and technological properties of the generations when developing technological solutions for gravita...

In our century and especially in recent decades the noise level reached an increasing width, becoming a polluting source of the same severity as chemical pollution. Increasing power and work speed of equipments has contributed to diversifying and increasing the number of noise sources and thus increased number of people exposed. Noise generating sources in technological procedures of processing may be of continuous nature (pneumatic energy production, water transport) or intermittent (systems for transporting mine...

It is recognized that the quarry activities are characterized by exposure to multiple health risks related to the production process and the Whole-Body-Vibration (WBV) is the most relevant between these. Particularly Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) mining vehicles are used to haul rock and other materials from the production point to crushing stations and / or in unloading points. The primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate health risks associated with the LHD operations of vehicles in quarry activities, highligh...

The basic purpose of magnetic separation is to separate the ferromagnetic elements from the magnetically inert component. In difficult conditions of mining activity, due to high costs of repair or replacement of damaged machine elements, prevention related to the correct operation of machinery and equipment of production lines is particularly important. Safety systems of feed material (electromagnetic separators) are designed for installation on construction of a conveyor belt to clean the transported material fro...

The Power Plant Rybnik (Elektrownia Rybnik) is one of many in Poland, which is coal-fired. Fly ash, as is well known, are combustion by-products, which are mineral residue from burning coal. Their phase composition depends mainly on the quality of fuel (coal) and combustion conditions. In the mineral composition of the examined ashes one has identified minerals such as: glaze, quartz, mullite, spinels, hematite, and unburnt coal. Spinels present in the fly ash can be a source of some metals, and due to the magneti...

Pyrite is one of the main rock-forming components for Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous black shale Bazhenov Formation. The correlation between pyrite and total organic carbon is found to be relatively high; however, some deficiencies of this hypothesis are discussed. Interlayers with high pyrite and low total carbon contents are encountered in the transition zone where the Bazhenov Fm. grades into Podachimov pack and into the underlying Georgiev Fm. The presence of pyrite in such layers is associated with the diage...

The article describes studies of the process of mineral raw refinement in dry, wet form and with addition of chemical reagents. Specific energy spent to refinement has been determined in the course of disintegration, as well as specific surface of particles before and after refinement has been measured. The values of refinement of inter-phase surface area of disintegrated mineral particles and values of specific surface energy have been calculated. With the help of performed studies one may obtain quantitative exp...

The article presents results of using vibratory jaw crusher for feed preparing for the granulation process. The main aim of the study was to determine the possibility of preparing the limestone feed for non-pressurized granulation process by means of very fine crushing in the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher KW 40/1 with kinematic actuation of jaws. The crusher is characterized by high average degree of fragmentation (30-50). The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage included experiments with vibrator...

The article considers mineralogical and technological features of ferruginous quartzites in the Zaimandrovsky regionпїЅs deposits and tailings from the rough magnetic separation. A technology has been developed for the stadial separation of magnetite concentrate from the initial ore, including the ore preparation, magnetic separation, and also the joint use of fine screening and magnetic gravity separation. The increase in the efficiency of the gravitational cycle for the hematite concentrate production was achiev...

Nowadays, mining and metallurgical enterprises are necessarily involved in recovering of technogenic deposits generated by their operations. By doing so, they obtain additional mineral resources and improve the environment situation. Studies of the processability of pelletized slag from Kola MMC (Nikel town) have disclosed the possibility increases of extracting non-ferrous metals via electric pulse disintegration method and next processing classic flotation. This is a consequence of the specific physical mechanis...

This article deals with a possibility of extraction flotative Ag-concentrate from the waste material, concretely slag arising from processing of silver and copper in the second half of the twentieth century, which is deposited around the city of KutnпїЅ Hora in the Markovi?ky region. A cationic octadecylamin was used as a flotative collector. The aim was to reach maximum metal content of the concentrate as well as maximum yield of Ag into concentrate during a decrease of raw material capacity. An anion active coll...

Gold deposits in black shale type have huge reserves of hard-gold. The prevailing part of reserves of native gold is in carbonaceous terrigenous deposits in Russia. These deposits are represented by objects of various scales - from small to unique (In Russia пїЅ Olimpiada, Nezhdanin, Natalkin, May; in Uzbekistan пїЅ Muruntau, Kokpatas, Zarmitan, Daugyztau, Amantaitau; in Kazakhstan пїЅ Bakyrchik; in Tajikistan пїЅ Chore; in Kyrgyzstan пїЅ Kumtor; in the United States пїЅ Mather Lod; in Australia пїЅ Bendigo, Olymp...

This study is focused on the flotation of scheelite (CaWO4) ore with a sample from OchtinпїЅ, Slovakia. Scheelite as an important tungsten - bearing mineral is often nowadays treated mainly by froth flotation. Such a treatment of scheelite mineral includes crushing, grinding and sorting, followed by gravity separation which is a very significant process for obtaining marketable grade mineral concentrates. A significant step is flotation processing which is based on the difference in chemical and physical propertie...

The publication presents an assessment of the possibility of obtaining char from fly and fluidised ashes from coal combustion. It also presents the methodology of measuring the concentration of char in fly ashes as well as the method developed for separating char grains from fly ash samples. The research conducted has shown that both fly and fluidised ashes contain large quantities of unburnt coal grains, which can be used as a substitute in obtaining artificial graphite through the processes of graphitisation. Th...

The use of closed water rotation in enterprises processing phosphorus-containing ores requires a long standing circulating water precipitation in the tailings storage. The paper studies possibility of treatment of industrial mineral processing waters from suspended particles and water-soluble impurities adversely affecting the flotation process with the help of reagents-flocculants. The characteristics of the dispersed and liquid phase of industrial waters formed during the processing of non-sulfide ores (for exam...