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The energy security, the energy market and the climate change strategy characterize the current times. This forces us to seek new technologies and to modernize and intensify old technologies. The current strategy also significantly affects the blast furnace iron production and subsequently the production of agglomerate. Agglomerate production is closely related, from the ecological and energy points of view, with the production of coke, which is the basic fuel component of the agglomeration batch. That is coke bre...

The results of studying characteristics of IR and Raman spectra of a diamond plate from the Sytykan pipe with central olivine inclusions are presented. The correlation between changes in the content of nitrogen defects and the internal stress of individual diamond growth zones is provided by IR spectroscopy. The total nitrogen content as A and B1 defects has a range from 81 ppm to 1075 ppm. Area of decreased nitrogen defects concentration in the centre of the diamond plate corresponds to the local pressure around ...

In parallel with technological and scientific developments in the world, people's choice on the materials is changing. In the light of these developments, mankind's environmental awareness is also increasing and thus the people aim to live in natural environments. In recent years, natural stones have started to be used widely especially inside and outside of the buildings in big cities in Turkey and the world. The low block efficiency of rocks caused to move the production of artificial stone in the construction s...

Lithium, the alkaline metal, causes a great excitement in scientific as well as in media scene. His lithic mineral zinnwaldite attracts great attention to a deposit in CпїЅnovec in Ore Mountains. A lithic locality can be found in the Northern Bohemia and it is well-known due to its sources of ore raw material for years. Tin, silver and wolfram were extracted here. Lithium was not utilized in the past and that is why it sometimes happened that a greater part containing lithium was not used. However, this was change...

Deposits located in the region from Ostrov up to Chodov are mainly known for their high quality deposits of kaolin non-metalliferous raw materials. Among others, the deposits contain a large amount of micas that are not used within production of kaolin concentrates. Within their structure, these micas can contain metals of alkaline soil - lithium, rubidium or cesium in particular. Due to new technologies, these metals get the greatest focus and their sources are being looked for all around the world. In the first ...

With the current situation in world economy, rare earth elements are a valuable resource for many innovative technologies. Low supply of these elements and sparse mining sources concentrated in just a few countries caused REE to become a resource critical to the development of many high-tech branches of the industry. Although rare earth elements are widespread in the nature, due to their low concentration in most minerals, their processing based on flotation, gravity or magnetic separation of a concentrate is ofte...

Using of HCAC as a clearing material of hydrometallurgical productionпїЅs effluent. Hydrocarbonoaluminate of calcium is synthesized in the system CaO-Al2O3-Na2O-CO2. Such system is characteristic for high silicon content aluminum raw on alumina processing plants by sintering method as desilication reagent. By this method aluminatesпїЅ solution decomposition conducts by carbonization receiving of aluminium hydrate and sodium liquor. HCAC has developed surface, neutral pH, which let us using it as clearing material ...

The possibility to use complexing reagents-collectors in floating different rare-earth and rare-metal ore has been studied. A prognostic assessment has been performed of efficiency of organic heteropolar compounds as flotation reagents-collectors on the basis of moleculeпїЅs energy parameters. The interaction has been considered of rare-earth and rare-metal minerals such as eudialite, zirconium, loparite and columbite with complexing reagents. Gain in energy (??) has been calculated by computer modeling at formati...

In the present study it was evaluated the capacity of molasses for removing seven metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) from three types of waste: galvanic sludge (pH = 7.1 пїЅ 7.8), mineral residue from a lead metallurgical plant (pH = 5.0 пїЅ 5.8) from Baia Mare (Romania), and tailing pond residue from Aurul - Baia Mare (pH = 2.1 пїЅ 3.0). Several leaching tests were conducted in the laboratory in order to investigate the influence of molasses concentrations (0 %, 1%, 5%, 10%) on heavy metal leaching. It was o...

Carbonaceous overburden rocks carry a heightened metallogenic potential. The possibility of extraction of valuable metals from natural bitumens and overburden rocks of oil fields is considered. The results of mineralogical and technological researches of samples are presented. The analysis of sample has shown an increased content of valuable microelements in some objects. All samples contain carbon of varying degrees of metamorphism. The fact of simultaneous concentration of carbonaceous rocks by several microelem...

Due to their chemical, physical and mechanical properties, niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta) are strategically used in various technical applications. About 130 different minerals contain tantalum and niobium, of which only about 80 are found in economical deposits. The remainder contains Nb and Ta as impurities. The most commercialised source of Nb and Ta is a columbite-tantalite ore often referred to as coltan containing pyrochlorite. The Central African Mesoproterozoic Kibara belt in Katanga (Democratic Republic o...

Asphaltite derives from petroleum origin solid fossil fuel [1]. It contains valuable elements such as chromium, thallium molybdenum, uranium etc. Chromium and thallium are very important elements both environmental and health. Chromium has an important role in the metabolism. It keeps the blood sugar level in balance. It balances the level of cholesterol. Thallium and its compounds are toxic for humans even at low doses. Poisoning causes death or permanent nervous system disorders. The development of precise and e...

The parameters of extraction from aqueous solutions into the organic phase of iron, aluminum, manganese and titanium are determined from the pH and concentration of the extractant when they are extracted with oleic and naphthenic acids, as well as olive and sunflower oils. The values of the thermodynamic functions of extraction equilibria with the participation of carboxylic acids and natural oils are taken as the basis for constructing the extractability series, which makes it possible to determine the thermodyna...

When coal preparation, particularly suitable for coking created considerable amounts of sludge. Most of the technological operations is taking place in water environment. Raw sludge at a time when technology was not yet at such a high level as today and emergency overflows were deposited in tailing ponds. This is practiced on coal districts in the Czech Republic and Poland. The purpose of this section was to analyze the possibility of another flotability of coal sludge deposited in settling ponds of company EKO CA...

Present study determines conditions for titanium magnetite concentrate processing with fairly complete titanium conversion to the slag and iron and vanadium separation in the hot metal. It is quite difficult to process titanium magnetite concentrate in the blast furnaces due to low fusibility of charge and direct electrical melting causes process instability. Present work is devoted to development of concentrate double stage smelting process with little soda additions, including solid-phase recovery at the first s...

History of exploitation of gold from Danube river sandy gravels is centuries long. Interesting on it continues to the 1970пїЅs. Extaction of heavy minerals (HM) concentrate was never intend. About 1 milion m3 of sandy gravels is exloited in Slovak part of Danube basin for construction usage. Production of HM concentrate with gold as by-product can improve economy of exploitation. With average content 6,55 kg of HM in m3 of sandy gravels there is possibility to produce about 6500 t of HM concentrate with up to 30 k...

Search and development of new, more selective collecting reagents for the improvement of flotation process is a priority to generation of innovative flotation technology for separation of substances and minerals. The application of new reagents generated on the basis of domestic raw materials will help to solve problems such as improving the efficiency of flotation ore benefication with the use of newly developed technological modes of flotation, increasing of gold production in the country. There is a sufficient ...

The main objectives of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the impact of acid drainage, from the former Valea Vinului mine on the quality of Valea B?ilor creek and (2) to propose a treating method for the acid mine waters generated by the investigated mine. The waste waters sampled from the former Valea Vinului mine proved to be highly acidic having a pH between 3.1 and 5.2. The monthly fluctuation showed that during March 2016 and April 2016/2017 the waste waters were highly acidic. The acidic mine waters had...

In the present scientific work assessed current status of question about grinding stage effect to electrochemistry parameters of operation preparation slurry before intermediate selective flotation. Showed needs of more detail study chemical reactions in the slurry preparation and flotation processes.At example of Abiz deposit ores has been offer new methodology. The ores are polymetallic sulphide type and the one are most difficult for mineral processing. The methodology allows increase information base during fl...

Currently applied groundwater protection against penetration of pollutants from landfills are membranes that isolate the layer of stored waste from the substrate. As the material most commonly used are materials such as loam and natural clay or composite materials, such as plastic films or asphalt. Also there are known methods of using waste materials such as fly ash, as well as silicate-ash composites for the manufacture of seals in civil and hydraulic engineering. Literature also contains descriptions of the res...

The effectiveness of using different beneficiation techniques of low-grade iron ore deposits of Assen iron ore mine in Thabazimbi, South Africa has been investigated. The sample received was confirmed to be low grade haematitic iron ore containing (39.18% Fe and 40.29% Si) both lumps and fines. The most abundant gangue present was silica. The different beneficiation methods such as shaking table, drum magnetic separation and reverse flotation were compared on the basis of which one yields a better grade that can b...

The paper presents comparative studies aimed at reducing labor costs of Bond Ball Mill Work Index test (BWi) by using a number of alternative techniques. Methods of Ahmadi and Shahsavari, Berry and Bruse, Gharehgheshlagh, Horst and Bassarear, Kapur, Magdalinovich, a standard Bond test with feed sizing into limited size grades, and a standard Bond test with grain size analysis of subsamples of milled product were compared. Magdalinovich-Ahmadi and Kapur testing techniques were modified. The modified Magdalinovich-A...

Selective collector "polyfunctional reagent" consisting a mixture of butyl xanthoenate, N-allyl-o-izobuthyl-tiono-karbamat (TC-1000) and aerofloat composition in a ratio of 1: 1: 2 was selected on the basis of comprehensive research. Their colloid-chemical properties (surface tension, adsorption at the water-air wetting) was studied. Also colloid-chemical properties and ability flotation of sulfide monominerals with the usage of basic and multifunctional flotation reagents was evaluated. Furthermore flotation of s...

The coal mining has been carried out coal mine since 150 years in the Turkey/Manisa-Soma. It has been determined that about 800 million tonnes of lignite reserves (ranging in calorific value from 2.500 to 4.500 kcal / kg). Turkey/Manisa-Soma-Karanlikdere underground lignite coal is one of the highest reserves in Turkey and having about 5300 kcal of energy with quality and enrichment. Coal is contains very clay and abundant fossils. Limestone, sandstone and claystone are also frequently found. As the coal goes from...

The Rare Earth Elements (REE) have been classified as resources critical for the European Union and divided into: light rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements. The demand for REE is constantly increasing, which is connected with the wide range of their applications. The article presents the results of research conducted to determine the concentration of Rare Earth Elements in fly ashes obtained from the combustion of coal at the Rybnik Power Plant. The concentrations were measured using the ICP-MS and S...

Slag is one of the by-products of energy industry which is suitable for secondary industrial processing. Although slag has been successfully used in industrial production for several decades its use does not achieve the level of its potential. This work describes the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali activated binders пїЅ geopolymers made of slag. The effect of mechanical activation on mechanical properties of geopolymers was examined. Mechanical activation was made with ball mill and different time o...

The growth in economy is reflected also in the rising demand for freight transportation. The freight railroad industry play an important role being a mainstay of transportation for basic industries. New projects are currently developed for increasing the capacity of transportation by rail from large coal and mineral basins to the places of consumption or within the processing plants. The combined heavy load and usage cycles imposes severe stresses on the components of the freight cars. To this purpose a comparativ...

The paper presents a new method of determining the energy consumption for vibratory crushing. Using the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher with kinematic actuation of the jaws, the study of determining power consumption while crushing limestone and diabase was conducted. During the study, electrical energy used on the crushing process was measured as a function of changing design and kinematic parameters of the vibratory crusher, i.e.: jaws stroke, the outlet gap size and frequency of jaws vibration. The article pre...

In this study, the Springbok coalfields coal samples were collected and subjected to different temperatures ranging between 700-900 пїЅC under nitrogen atmosphere in order to investigate the effect of combustion on the mineral changes. The proximate analysis, calorific value of both raw samples and combusted were carried out. Characterisation and mineralogy of samples (1426, 1427, 1428 and 1429) carried out by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, FTIR and SEM incorporated with EDS. Calorific value (CV) ranging f...

The granulation process is a common method of increasing the size of grains of the bulk materials. Doing so allows to create a relatively stable structures, among others to facilitate material transport and reducing generated dust. The granulation process, however, is quite complex one, especially due to the variety of materials undergoing granulation (for example energetic materials or fertilizers) and the sensitivity of the process input parameters. The article presents an innovative method for studying the gran...

Asphaltites derive from petroleum origin. The combustion of asphaltites produces fly and bottom ashes that are characterized by a high content of valuable elements such as vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, sulfur and unburnt carbon [1]. This study presents the concentration and speciation of nickel in bottom ash of Milli (Sirnak), SE Anatolia in Turkey. Determination of total nickel in asphaltite bottom ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma opt...

Many low grade iron ore deposits which were previously ignored are being treated due to depletion of high grade iron ore deposits. Haematite flotation concentrate from a reverse flotation of fluorspar tailings was characterised and agglomerated using bentonite and coke. The effect of bentonite and coke concentrations on mechanical strength and metallurgical characteristics of the wet and baked pellets was investigated. It was found that the concentrate contained 60.5% Fe, 4.24% silica and other minor elements. Maj...

Natural and waste water clearing of cations of non-ferrous and heavy metals is an important problem of modern industry. Metals inflow into natural water occurs in various ways from natural leaching from rocks via industrial processing stage to natural water bodies and watercourses discharge. The most large-scale and significant way of non-ferrous and heavy metalsпїЅ cations hitting represents waste water of technological processes of metallurgical and mining and processing industry. The obtained results show that ...

The gold deposit in ZlatпїЅ Hory region has been known since the middle ages when the first mention about gold-washing and gold-mining had been appearing from the thirteenth century. Later on, the amount and quality of ores enabled also development of underground mining of gold but also mining of another ores such as Cu, Pb and Ag. The new age history started in 1965 on the deposit ZlatпїЅ Hory пїЅ south, when the mining was expanding to another localities as well. Termination of mining dates back to 1992. A waste...

Very fine crushing of hard and very hard materials, to product of particle size less than 2-4 mm at feed particle size of 50-200 mm, requires a very large energy inputs. This is mainly because of the need for at least three or even four degrees of crushing, containing: jaw, cone or impact crushers. One of the methods of reducing the amount of energy expended on the crushing process is reducing the number of crushers in technological line. By replacing a large number of less effective crushers with fewer machines b...

The search for prospective sources of rare earth metals (REM) is one of the most important problems of the EU economy. Currently, it is believed that the source of REM may be deposits of coals or by-products of their combustion. A particularly promising appear to be fly ash from the combustion of coal because of much higher concentration of REM than in the coal beds. These facts and the dependency of domestic power energy on coal was an impulse to undertake work to determine the feasibility of obtaining the REM fr...

In Poland information about landfills of power industry waste and the composition of waste deposited on them are largely dispersed. There is no data on the content of rare earth elements in ashes and slags. The article presents a developed information system allowing simultaneous access to a number of data on power industry waste landfills (location, technical and technological data) and data on the rare earth content in deposited ashes and slags. The article presents energy waste landfills (both historical and cu...

South Africa host massive deposits of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) in the Igneous Bushveld Complex. These deposits have been mined for a long time and in the process Mine sludge has been produced. It has been piled up and there is need to recover PGMs locked in it. The conventional way of processing PGMs has proved to be very difficult due to ultra-fines in the sludge that causes major loses during flotation. An alternative hydrometallurgical process for recovery of PGMs from a mine sludge by leaching using a mixt...

According to data reported in the EU report, critical raw materials include 20 raw materials, including rare earth heavy metals (Gd-Lu and Y) and rare earth light metals (La-Eu). Thus, rare earth metals include lanthanides of atomic number 58-71 and scandiums with atomic numbers Sc -21, Y -39 and La -57, respectively. Rare earth metals are used in many modern, innovative techniques such as optics, nuclear technology, production of permanent magnets that are part of discs for computers and automotive hybrid motors,...

The process of reduce smelting of antimony concentrate to produce a rough antimony in 800-1000 пїЅC are studied. The possibility of obtaining rough antimony by melting without slags and melting with slag-forming fluxes are shown. Analysis of feed and product recovery was performed by atomic absorption method on devices Perkin Elmer 240 FSAA, as well as the method to photocolorimetry on SPEKOL 2000. Thermal analysis was performed on derivatograph Q-1000/D system F. Paulik, J. Paulik and L. Erdey firm "IOM" (Budapes...

It is known that the medium-grade and low-grade iron ores before the direct use in metallurgical furnaces are almost always concentrated. For ore-grain release all run-of-mine ore is crushed and milled. The result of such operations is a finely ground concentrates, which are then subjected to clotting. Among the known methods of clotting of the wide-spread high-temperature methods - sintering and pelletizing followed by baking raw pellets. During these processes, there is a partial removal of detrimental impuritie...

The fractional composition of the chamber product of sulfide flotation was investigated. Grain size of the product varies from 0.2 to 0.05 mm. The characteristic of mineral composition showed that forsterite content is about 53%. The amount of other silicates (pyroxenes and garnets) is more than 20%. Two morphological generations of baddeleyite have been identified, it will be necessary to take into account physical and technological properties of the generations when developing technological solutions for gravita...

In our century and especially in recent decades the noise level reached an increasing width, becoming a polluting source of the same severity as chemical pollution. Increasing power and work speed of equipments has contributed to diversifying and increasing the number of noise sources and thus increased number of people exposed. Noise generating sources in technological procedures of processing may be of continuous nature (pneumatic energy production, water transport) or intermittent (systems for transporting mine...

It is recognized that the quarry activities are characterized by exposure to multiple health risks related to the production process and the Whole-Body-Vibration (WBV) is the most relevant between these. Particularly Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) mining vehicles are used to haul rock and other materials from the production point to crushing stations and / or in unloading points. The primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate health risks associated with the LHD operations of vehicles in quarry activities, highligh...

The basic purpose of magnetic separation is to separate the ferromagnetic elements from the magnetically inert component. In difficult conditions of mining activity, due to high costs of repair or replacement of damaged machine elements, prevention related to the correct operation of machinery and equipment of production lines is particularly important. Safety systems of feed material (electromagnetic separators) are designed for installation on construction of a conveyor belt to clean the transported material fro...

The Power Plant Rybnik (Elektrownia Rybnik) is one of many in Poland, which is coal-fired. Fly ash, as is well known, are combustion by-products, which are mineral residue from burning coal. Their phase composition depends mainly on the quality of fuel (coal) and combustion conditions. In the mineral composition of the examined ashes one has identified minerals such as: glaze, quartz, mullite, spinels, hematite, and unburnt coal. Spinels present in the fly ash can be a source of some metals, and due to the magneti...

Pyrite is one of the main rock-forming components for Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous black shale Bazhenov Formation. The correlation between pyrite and total organic carbon is found to be relatively high; however, some deficiencies of this hypothesis are discussed. Interlayers with high pyrite and low total carbon contents are encountered in the transition zone where the Bazhenov Fm. grades into Podachimov pack and into the underlying Georgiev Fm. The presence of pyrite in such layers is associated with the diage...

The article describes studies of the process of mineral raw refinement in dry, wet form and with addition of chemical reagents. Specific energy spent to refinement has been determined in the course of disintegration, as well as specific surface of particles before and after refinement has been measured. The values of refinement of inter-phase surface area of disintegrated mineral particles and values of specific surface energy have been calculated. With the help of performed studies one may obtain quantitative exp...

Coal bottom ash (CBA) contains many elements that exist in different forms, which may change throughout the coal combustion process. This study presents the concentration and speciation of zinc in bottom ash of coal. Determination of total zinc was performed by two-stage microwave-acid digestion followed by ICP-OES. A sequential extraction process to speciation of zinc from coal bottom ash was investigated [1]. The definition of species is based on several different levels of atomic and molecular structure where c...

The article presents results of using vibratory jaw crusher for feed preparing for the granulation process. The main aim of the study was to determine the possibility of preparing the limestone feed for non-pressurized granulation process by means of very fine crushing in the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher KW 40/1 with kinematic actuation of jaws. The crusher is characterized by high average degree of fragmentation (30-50). The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage included experiments with vibrator...