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The application of ultrawideband signals and large apertures provides a high detailed radar image, where a vast majority of terrain objects may be considered as spatially distributed. The examples of such spatially distributed targets are different types of agricultures, forests, infrastructural objects, which could be recognized against the background of vegetation or bare soils. Another example of a spatially distributed target are ships and glaciers against the background of the water surface. The main purpose ...

A problem of presence or absence small changes determining on the reflecting surface during the observation session is often occurring while solving many problems of space monitoring. Examples of such problems are the ice situation forecasting, emergencies forecasting and detecting (i.e., fires, floods, landslides, mudflows, etc.), detection of forest areas unauthorized logging, forecasts of agricultural yields, analysis the sea surfaces, and many others. For reliable detection in reviewed situations, they recomme...

At the present state, the LIDAR systems have different configurations and geometries, according to their applications. The multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR systems used in the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network ? EARLINET are suitable to provide an extended set of optical parameters for aerosol characterization which can be used in climatology studies, models and different events like Saharan dust outbreaks, transport of smoke plumes or volcanic ash. The aerosol in the atmosphere is present mos...

One of the largest fires in the Croatian history, so called ?mother of all fires?, broke out on Monday, 17. July 2017 in the area between Split and Omis (Croatia). The fighting with the firestorm lasted until 18. July when the situation was put under control, and on 19. July, the recovery of the affected area started. The classification showed that the burned area was 40670 square kilometers large. Vegetation indices obtained from aerial or remote sensing imagery are very simple and effective methods for quantitat...

The possibility of the application of satellite bathymetry methods was studied in order to obtain quantitative parameters of the depth of the coastal part of the Astana reservoir (Kazakhstan). The relevance of the research is associated with the application of new technologies for the operational evaluation of changes in the level of the water line and the volume of the reservoir, which supplies Nur-Sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan, with drinking water. The initial data were satellite images with different resolu...

Low-altitude remote sensing technology applied with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been recently adopted in Bulgaria. This study presents the optimal low-budget framework for a rapid high-resolution geomorphological mapping of a small part of the southern Bulgarian Black Sea coastal zone. A Quadcopter DJI Phantom 4 Pro was used to acquire the aerial images. These were post-processed using the structure-from-motion (SfM) approach. Ground control points (GCPs) surveyed with a GPS HiTarget V90 Plus were applied ...

The dynamic climate changes observed in the last few years contribute to a more frequent occurrences of extreme natural phenomena e.g. droughts or floods. The mentioned factors have an impact on water resources i.e. groundwater level changes, water retention. The aim of the research was to assess the potential of small water reservoirs? automated monitoring, using Copernicus Sentinel-2 data. The study area is located in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship in the north-western part of Poland. A set of different spec...

Here we suggest the method of automated processing of satellite SAR imagery of marine surface aimed at oil spill detection. The method is based on the repeated application of the OSD algorithm built in the SNAP software. Due to the Graph Builder use and process paralleling, the sufficient level of functionality and performance is attained if using a desktop. At the final processing stage, the OSD algorithm results are subjected to a comprehensive analysis in the GIS environment taking into account additional infor...

The key objective of modern vision systems is the problem of a signal class determining since the signal features are completely determined by the type of underlying surface relative to which the observation is made. In spite of the fact that at present there are a huge number of analytic methods for the solving the indicated problem, in the vast majority of tasks based on natural images, capacities of solving it are characterized by the probabilities of erroneous and proper decisions. The exact analytic probabili...

An experiment on the differential use of nitrogen fertilizing for winter wheat on an area of 85 hectares in 110 rectangular field fragments in increments of 90 m was carried out. The NDVI values for each fragment were measured for 9 periods from October 2017 to July 2018. It was established that with high doses of fertilizers, NDVI is the same for different yields from 62.4 to 88.4 centners per hectare. In the absence or with low doses of fertilizers, NDVI is different for the same yield values - 49.6-51.1 centner...

The microclimate of the urban environment is influenced by urban development, road surface, distribution of green areas. The city, especially with a highly developed industry, pollutes the atmosphere above itself, increases its turbidity and thereby reduces the influx of solar radiation. Such changes in the microclimate of the urban environment often occur as a result of changes in urban development, artificial changes in the relief, and the cutting down of forest plantations. Due to changes in the urban environme...

Response to anthropogenic disturbances, recorded according to remote sensing of the Earth, has a long-term manifestation not only in the spectral characteristics of the channels of visible and near infrared ranges of satellite imagery, but also in the study of the temperature field. The paper deals with the local excess temperature of the underlying surface in the areas of cutting the territory of the Angara region, compared with the background values identified by satellite data Landsat 5 and 8 for the seventeen-...

Dozens of objects that have cultural, technical or historical value are destroyed in the world every day. Sometimes these are small monuments of various origins, standing in seclusion. Yet they disappear irrevocably, and often there is even no mention of them. The reasons are the expansion of civilization, lack of interest, poverty, terrorism, wars, religious conflicts, vandalism and other unfortunate phenomena of human civilisation. This contribution deals with an example of the gradual collapse of technical monu...

Assessment of cereal plant status and other biophysical parameters, such as nitrogen uptake, nitrogen content and total amount of aboveground biomass, is important information for decision support of agronomists for correct treatment of crop management practices. Especially in in precision farming, where whole area mapping is required, this information could be provided by remote sensing as an efficient method for the monitoring of crop within field heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to verify the use of unm...

In the last decade, the rapid development of computers and sophisticated software in image capturing and processing brought on the development of automated object documentation methods. Documentation methods like 3D scanning or photogrammetric technology called image-based modelling and rendering (IBMR) or SfM (Structure from Motion) have become common methods and give us the possibility to create a real 3D model of objects. It is important in archaeology for findings documentation and visualization, and in cultur...

Geological lineament analyses were performed on the segment of East Anatolian Fault Zone between Doganyol (Malatya) and Celikhan (Ad?yaman) in eastern Turkey. The Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone is one of the important intra-continental strike-slip faults in the Alpine-Himalayan Orogenic Belt. A detailed analyses along the fault segment using satellite images (LandSAT 8 OLI, ASTER image) and digital elevation models (DEMs) were brought out that the fault segment presents geological lineament and morphotectonic struct...

Background: This article is devoted to the question of correction system implementation. The correction system is necessary to provide the ability of autonomous navigation the unmanned airborne vehicle. We can see a lot of examples of terrain landform correction systems and ?synthetic aperture radar? ? based systems. But in the case of using information about lengthened objects, we have a great opportunity to provide robustness objects, which we can reliably cross during our flight. Nevertheless, these objects sho...

Aim of the study is to unveil how the choice of software and cameras influences the quality of 3D models. There were compared three different softwares: (1) Pix4D (2) Agisoft Phtoscan, and (3) Visual SFM with dense cloud module Yasutaka Furukawa's CMVS tool and four different cameras (1) Canon EOS 760D, (2) Canon EOS 600D, (3) Canon Ixus 185, and (4) Sony Xperia Z1 smartphone camera D5503. Cameras represent different price segments and technical parameters. The photos were taken with all the cameras from identical...

The paper is devoted to the development of a high-performance method for registration of the spatial spectra of the sea surface slopes and elevations using air-borne and satellite images to address problems of operational oceanography. The method is based on the use of retrieval operators taking into account the nonlinear nature of the modulation of the brightness field by the slopes of the surface under daylight conditions. The method is implemented in algorithms and research software for the rapid retrieval of t...

Monitoring short temporal changes in intra-urban vegetation areas will become very important as the proportion of urban areas continue to increase. Intra-urban variations in vegetation abundance influence environmental conditions by selective reflection and absorption of solar radiation and by sequestration of pollutants. This research investigates the hypothesis that it should be possible to use easily accessible multispectral Landsat 8 images to track intra-urban vegetation, and obtaining sufficient quality info...

Currently, there is still a current trend to preserve the historical heritage of the Slovak Republic for future generations. Preservation of monuments is currently carried out by the Monuments Board of the Slovak Republic, whose central body is the Ministry of Culture. It is often necessary to create documentation that is suitable for presentation and technical purposes. The main aim of the paper is to create a 3D model of the church in the village of Kosicke Olsany. From the measurements was obtained the coordina...

More than 50% of the world?s populations live in urban areas, and they emit almost 80% of global carbon dioxide. They are also responsible for 75% of energy consumption in the world. That increases pressure on food, water, and especially energy. These facts imply that there is an urgent need to provide low carbon dioxide level in cities with efficient and renewable energy to foster the growth of the green economy. Therefore, attention should be paid to renewable energy sources such as the Sun and be aware of the p...

This article is devoted to the questions of the reliability and the accuracy of the invented algorithm. Background: The implementation of autonomous navigation system for unmanned airborne vehicle is required for the reliable navigation in case of the instability of the satellite navigation system. Traditionally this problem is solved by the terrain landform navigation system, also the synthetic aperture radar navigation systems could be used as the correction system for the inertial navigation system. Nevertheles...

The effective precision crop products' production is impossible without modern contact and remote optical control methods of a physiological and phytosanitary condition of crops. At Agrophysical research institute (Russia, St. Petersburg) the technique of definition of homogeneous technological areas is developted by using the means of unmanned aerial vehicles of helicopter (Geoskan-401) and plane (own development) types. Also the test plots which are used as the standards with the known parameters of a physiologi...

A supervised classification algorithm has been developed for automated sea ice retrieval in some regions of the Arctic seas. Sentinel-1 Extra Wide images were utilized as input for a Neural Network (NN)-based algorithm. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has several features significantly affected on the microwave backscatter from sea ice. In this paper, an approach to improve data quality is proposed. Since different sea ice types can have similar backscattering coefficients, the extracted SAR texture features i...

Research was performed using application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for the assessment of land use and land cover (LULC) changes, especially for the monitoring forest succession on abandoned farmland. ALS point clouds were used to confirm the progress of forest succession process at the analysed area, not only in terms to show the occupied area, but also to derives informations about the structure of vegetation ? growth of trees and shrubs. The part of Wieliczka district (Malopolskie Voivodship, South o...

Interferometric data processing (InSAR) for extraction of information about the Earth terrain heights is one of the general guidelines in development of contemporary space-based radar systems. The InSAR processing for building the digital elevation models (DEM) and terrain displacement maps includes a phase noise suppression step, which is usually performed by different image filters, as well as spectral and adaptive spectral filters (mean/boxcar, spectral domain filtration with different window functions, Wiener,...

This article discusses the modern condition of the archaeological monuments of the Predvolzhye of the Republic of Tatarstan. Fortified settlements as a manmade part of the cultural landscape, with the system of defensive fortifications, were selected as the objects of study, as they are easily identified by remote sensing data. In our view, the analysis of medieval Volga Bulgars (X-XIII centuries A.D.), the most common in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, has the highest priority. The main research metho...

The paper focuses on a validation approach of numerical modeling applications used in the study of wave and current propagation within adjacent areas of maritime/coastal ports, using satellite remote sensing data against in-situ data and model results? data. An advantage of using a forecast numerical model is its ability to allow an analysis within a relatively short time, but approaching numerically in a simple manner the different coastal hydrodynamic processes, without an appropriate validation it can give erro...

This paper deals with the calculation of rock volume located in the hard-to-reach terrain of a water dam. During the reconstruction of the safety slip of the water dam, it was necessary to remove this rock and to determine the volume extracted at a particular stage of the construction. In addition, calculations of the total amount of rock above the given coordinates of the reconstruction project were solved. The reason was the need to know the amount of rock that still needs to be excavated to get the builders to ...

Spatial 3D-reconstruction applications today use mostly fully automated methods based on Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms. In these cases it is emphasized that the camera calibration parameters can be approximate, i.e. downloaded from EXIF data or even avoided, to facilitate the use of uncalibrated cameras in everyday measuring tasks. However, the accuracy of the spatial reconstruction of the model, recorded with an uncalibrated camera can be significantly reduced. Especially if t...

In the context of the current climate change faced by mankind, a series of phenomena are emerging, which can pose problems to both several environmental aspects, including among others biodiversity and agricultural crops. Drought is a regional phenomenon which, through its impact on agriculture, can also have a bad influence on the economy. Apple farming, through its spreading area and its importance in human nutrition and health is also affected by this aspect. Based on high temperatures and a reduced amount of p...

In 2018, a project called ?Monastic settlement as a socio-economic phenomenon in early Islamic Northern Mesopotamia? has been launched at the Palacky University in Olomouc in cooperation with the Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU, Faculty of Civil Engineering, dept. of Geomatics). The project is granted from the Czech Science Foundation for three years. The project will be carried out in the autonomous Iraqi region of Kurdistan, where the Czech Archaeological Mission, the longest continuously operating for...