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The study examined the sorption properties of beech, chestnut, and pine sawdust, as well as pine pellets, focusing on their ability to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of sorption were analyzed using CuSO4-5H2O and FeSO4-7H2O solutions (10?5-10?- M) over 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours. Sorbents were modified with HCl and NaCl, and their efficiency was evaluated by measuring pH and electrical conductivity before and after sorption. Chestnut sawdust demonstrated the highest sorption capacity, ...

Carbon emission has increasingly become a topic of the day. Carbothermic reduction processes and energy generating units have for years used generic carbonaceous materials contributing to high carbon pollution. Ongoing investigations are showing good prospects. This paper corroborates a comprehensive review on the potential of biochar as an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional carbon sources in pyrometallurgical processes, addressing the environmental ithreats caused by fossil fuel use, such as gr...

The paper presents a medium-temperature modular pyrolysis plant generating electricity from syngas (SG) produced by air conversion of pyrolysis liquid and fed into the electrochemical generator (ECG) battery. Electric output of the plant and district water heater is 100 kW and 126 kW, respectively. The main power characteristics of the plant are determined by physicochemical modeling and energy budgeting methods. Specific consumption of pyrolysis liquid to produce electricity and heat is shown as 108 g/kW-h (169 g...

Modern industrial production of paraffin and other hydrocarbon-based products, such as mineral oils or waxes, is extremely closely related to the process of raw material purification. One of the key stages of this process is paraffin filtration, which aims to remove impurities and undesirable substances that may affect the quality and properties of the final product. Filter earth plays an irreplaceable role in the paraffin filtration process. The paper presents the main aspects related to soil for paraffin filtrat...

Biorefineries offer an advantageous and sustainable solution for managing by-products from the agro-industry while enabling the recovery of valuable molecules and biogas production from residual biomass. This study applied this approach to the beer industry's main by-products: Brewery-s Spent Grain (BSG). BSG is typically used as animal feed but shows potential for biorefinery applications due to its high protein content and favorable C/N ratio. By treating this biomass with an ionic liquid consisting of triethyla...

Nowadays The storage of pig slurry has been an unsolved problem for a long time in Hungary, therefore the appropriate processing technology is a very important question in order we can produce from the pig fattening and slaughtering by-products the best possible quality of final product. The determined goals of the product development can be achieved in two ways. The first possible method for it preserving the nutrients in the slurry and the another way adding fertilizers or other valuable materials, that improve ...

The article considers the processes leading to a change in the structure and properties as a result of calcination followed by acid treatment of heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit. The samples obtained by heat-acid treatment were studied by the X-ray energy dispersion spectra and diffraction patterns, as well as by adsorption of water and benzene methods. It was found that pre-heat treatment reduces weight loss and the degree of dealumination during subsequent acid treatment, and a...

Gray cast iron is still the most used material for the production of castings. It can be made in several ways, but the most efficient and economical way to make gray cast iron is in a cupola furnace. A by-product in its production is slag, which arises from impurities that may be present in the charge, from coke, which is used as fuel for the cupola furnace and part of it also passes into the slag, from the lining of the cupola furnace as well as from oxides formed during of the smelting process, sulfides and phos...

Waste management is a current and future challenge due to the increasing volume of waste. The amount of waste generated directly correlates with production and consumption patterns. The current level of natural resource utilization exceeds the Earth's capacity for replenishment. Therefore, humanity must take action to mitigate the consequences of rampant natural resource consumption. One way to achieve this goal is to increase the level of waste recycling. However, the amount of waste actually recycled is signific...

During the mining, handling, and processing activities, the production of fines is inevitable due to breakage of large particles caused by compression, abrasion, attrition and impact of the ore particles with one another and the equipment during beneficiation and handling. The fines generated as a result, are generally high-grade feed stock materials and add value to processes. Many attempts to recycle these fines have shown some limitations because of the quality of binders used for agglomeration. Pyrometallurgic...

Gypsum composites are promising building materials, but they have disadvantages such as low strength and water resistance. To improve these properties, a self-reinforcement method can be used, where the gypsum matrix is reinforced with crystals other than gypsum. One type of such crystals is ettringite. To obtain a self-reinforced gypsum composite, it is necessary to maintain a high pH environment and sufficient ions to form ettringite. In this work high-calcium fly ash, which is a waste product of coal combustion...

Asbestos is a general name applied to a group of silicate minerals which naturally occur in fibrous form. It is a natural mineral widely used in the past, especially in the construction industry. Despite its good performance properties, it is currently known that asbestos has carcinogenic properties. The problem of storing asbestos wastes is significant worldwide. This especially applies to countries where the production and use of asbestos products is prohibited by law. One of the possible methods of proceeding a...

Construction technologies are among the most critical in terms of negative impact on the environment. Burnt binders, primarily cement and air-lime, emit significant volumes of carbon dioxide and man-made heat. At the same time, a large amount of hydrocarbon fuel is also consumed for their firing. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development goals, the development of alternative binder formulations or innovative ways to produce traditional binders with low carbon emissions is necessary. The synthesis of low-carbon...

The article describes the design process for a low-cost aerial delivery system (LCADS) that is a one-time use, disposable, airdrop system consisting of cargo parachute and container. The parachute systems is developed for military resupply missions and for humanitarian relief efforts in areas where ground supply and/or recovery of airdrop equipment is difficult or not feasible. LCADS consists primarily of three types of cargo parachutes capable of supporting and delivering in a wide range of weights, from 70kg up ...

The olive oil sector is one of the most widespread agricultural and agro-industrial activities in the Mediterranean region, and it also produces a significant amount of waste biomass. This research aimed to find energy valorisation for the olive oil by-products through biogas/biomethane production from olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OW). To this end, these biomasses underwent preliminary treatments: the OP was processed using an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of triethylamine and sulfuric acid [Et3N][H...

The depletion of primary raw materials and the demand in High Tech has played a big role in finding new ways of getting raw materials including recycling. Germanium being a semi-conductor currently in high demand is being sourced from secondary materials. The purpose of this project was to recover Germanium from copper slag in the presence of pure silicon using the carbothermic reduction process. The experiment was designed using Minitab software with Taguchi as the tool for statistical analysis and to design the ...

Drawing on case studies from 18 countries, the paper explores how project management methodologies are applied in European whisky industry to implement and optimize recycling initiatives, focusing on key processes such as glass bottle return schemes, advanced waste sorting technologies, and material reuse strategies. Critical project management insights include the importance of stakeholder engagement across production, sustainability, and regulatory teams, and continuous application of lean management principles ...

The lignocellulosic biomass is produced worldwide in large quantities, which may contribute to environmental changes, global warming, wildfires, ocean and sea level rise. Recent research demonstrated efficacy of the thermal reconversion of black liquor, which represents a waste resulted from wood Kraft pulping, into gaseous (syngas), liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) final products through the pyrolysis process. This review describes the physical chemical and energy features of black liquor required for its va...

Briquetting is the pressing of dusty materials into pieces of the same shape and size. Briquetting can be done without a binder or with the addition of a binder to the briquetting mixture. Briquettes can have any shape, but the most common is the shape of a cylinder. The briquettes must be strong enough to eliminate the possibility of damage during transport and must be strong enough even at high temperatures. The briquettes have a regular shape, have the same weight, are more durable and easier to transport. They...

Recycling of chrysotile asbestos materials is a global problem. Even though the materials containing asbestos have good properties like resistance to elevated temperatures, high elasticity and mechanical strength, or abrasion resistance, it has been proven to be carcinogenic and banned in over 70 countries. Standard disposal of asbestos products - storing them in appropriately designated areas (landfills) - is a risk-taking method due to the possibility of secondary pollution of the surrounding environment and the...

Environmental water chemistry is substantially aided by modern electrochemical research. Sensitive voltammetric techniques are much more useful for metal species in natural waters, where complexation with organic molecules predominates. Many environmental electrochemists are still interested in determining the stability constants of metal ion complexes with various ionic species found in natural waterways. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible influence of complexation of amine and carboxyl groups of...

Metallurgy is one of the leaders in terms of the amount of accumulated waste worldwide. Every year the amount of waste placed in dumps, sludge ponds, tailings ponds only grows. However, at present, tailings, slag, dust, etc. of metallurgical enterprises are considered the most promising for secondary use and the extraction of valuable metals from tailings is an important problem in the world. In Kazakhstan, the technology of processing nickel-cobalt-containing tailings is practically undeveloped. Sokolov-Sarybai M...

India generates over 500 million tonnes of agricultural waste annually, much of which is lignocellulosic biomass rich in silica, calcium, potassium, and carbon elements, which are favourable for catalytic applications. This study highlights the valorisation of abundant agro-wastes such as rice husk (up to 20% silica), coconut shell (74%-78% fixed carbon), sugarcane bagasse (45%-55% cellulose), and tamarind seed (rich in polysaccharides and carbon), as cost-effective and sustainable catalysts. Various preparation t...

One of the promising areas of utilization of solid technogenic waste from energy generation is their processing to produce alumina, the production of which is accompanied by the formation of by-products that can be used to produce belite sludge (2CaO-SiO2). The basic schemes of purification of the initial ash from carbon and iron oxides are proposed. Using the example of ash from coal burning in the Ekibastuz basin, the possibility of obtaining two grades of belite sludge is shown. Up to 1.5-1.8 tons of belite slu...

Sustainable food production is growing along with consumer demands to find healthy products. The management and minimization of food by-products and the recovery of products with low economic value represent both a trend and a current necessity for the food industry. Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum native to Southeast Europe and Western Asia. It is also called Cherry Plum and Myrobolan Plum. It is cultivated mainly as an ornamental plant with several varieties differing in leaf and bud color and secondarily...

Prevention and reduction of food waste production, food waste conversion into energy and products as well as the proper disposal are sequential processes in the food system. Technological standards and a legal framework for food waste recycling, as well as amendments to the relevant legal acts - both national- and municipal-level ones - have been made in Latvia. In addition, the compliance with the European Waste Classification for Statistics have been verified and the participation of nongovernmental organization...

One of the main challenges in treating landfill leachate through membranes is managing the resulting concentrate. Depending on the membrane installation's performance and the stored waste's characteristics, significant quantities of concentrate may remain after leachate treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify an optimal disposal or treatment method for it. In the European Union List of Waste, the membrane concentrates are associated with leachates and are classified as either hazardous or non-hazardous w...

The present study aimed to track the changes in microbial communities during home composting of biodegradable plastic products (PLA). 6 waste mixtures and controls were prepared, with C:N about 30, placed in containers. The amount of PLA compared to the compostable mixture is 1%. Different depositing methods were used - active composting and placing part of the material in biodegradable bags. Temperature, humidity, pH, C:N ratio were measured. The amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes, micromycetes were recorded duri...

Organic farming has a future, but a significant obstacle to its application is the need for more organic fertilisers and the imbalance of macronutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. We set the following working hypothesis: whether the simultaneous application of natural zeolites and diatomaceous earth, in combination with a compost mixture, optimises the nutrient elements in two types of soils, taking into account their agrochemical and physicochemical parameters. The research includes experiments with Ve...

The paper aims to investigate biopolymeric wastes that combine the quality of the raw material with the desired application to obtain carbon materials. The raw materials used to obtain products for environmental application must have a low ash content and a quality as uniform as possible. Depending on the requirements of the target products used for depollution purposes, the quality characteristics of the precursors are presented: biopolymeric waste - fruit kernels/shells of peach, olive, and walnut shells, wastes...

Polyurethane, as a versatile polymer prepared by the polyaddition of isocyanates and hydroxyl group containing compounds, is widely used in the automotive industry and with an upcoming change of European legislation becomes recycling increasingly important as an alternative to landfilling or incineration. Glycolysis is one of the chemical degradation processes used to transform polyurethane waste using simple glycols as the degradation agents into a raw material. Single phase glycolysis was used to produce recycle...

Composting municipal organic waste is important for several reasons, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction, soil health improvement, nutrients recycle, waste reduction, costs reduction (by reducing the waste volumes, the handling costs are decreased). Information on the practices of municipal organic waste composting in Romania is limited, thus a comprehensive evaluation of the limiting factors and current solution was carried out. According to the European Environment Agency, Romania has made progress in o...

The article is devoted to the study of optimization measures to improve the rational use of the surface tier of anthropogenic landscapes in the Kryvyi Rih landscape and technical system. The surface tier of anthropogenic landscapes is analyzed and defined on the example of mining and settlement landscapes. The problems associated with the active development of the mining industry and the causing such factors as poor soil quality, derivative processes and phenomena, pollution and uncontrolled use of resources are i...

Disposal of waste generated by the industries remains one of the major challenges to preserve the environment. Indeed, the use of industrial waste and by-products in construction is an important advantage to conserve natural resources. For this reason, several studies have focused on the use of marble waste in construction as recycled aggregate or fine powder. The work aim is to investigate the physical properties and mechanical behavior of eco-friendly mortar made with marble powder. The experimental study consis...

At various stages of processing manganese ores, significant volumes of finely dispersed manganese-containing raw materials are formed. Development of technological solutions is required for their use in metallurgical processes. The aim of the study was to develop technologies intended to beneficiate manganesecontaining sludge with the fraction of less than 5 mm and to obtain pellets suitable to be melted into ferromanganese on their basis. The developed beneficiation process flow for manganese sludge includes the ...

The article discusses the issue of recycling and the use of recycled substrates in building materials and parts of building structures. Recycling is one of the elements compatible with the current functioning of society and which has its significant place in a sustainable economy and construction. There are currently many modifications of construction materials such as concrete or bricks. The concrete mass or base from which modified bricks are made include: recycled glass components (powder and glass sand), HIPS,...

Activities related to industrial aspects in the 21st century focus on, among others, low-emission economy, sustainable construction, recycling of processed materials, possibilities of recovery of building materials after the decision to demolish and ecology. The most popular building material is currently concrete used to make monolithic structures and prefabricated elements. There are many modifications to concrete, and the topic of recycling in building materials has become a priority. One of the materials is AB...

Plastic materials are one of the main technological discoveries of modern civilization. Thanks to their variable properties and relatively low production costs, they have become an integral part of almost all human activities. The global production of plastics is constantly increasing. They are most often used as packaging materials and also play a vital role in construction and healthcare. In the presented article, the authors examine the methods of handling plastic waste in the Czech Republic and describe indivi...

Eggshells are one of the widely used by-products in the food processing and manufacturing industries. Due to the increased content of minerals, especially calcium and magnesium and less trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper), chicken eggshell waste can be used in many agricultural activities as a mineral fertilizer, as an additive for improving the physical parameters of the soil, or reducing the accessibility of lead and cadmium from soils polluted with heavy metals, as a substitute for natural calcium ca...

In the production process of cast iron and steel castings, a large amount of waste is generated. Each stage of production of castings generates a certain type or types of waste. The largest volume of waste is the used molding compound, followed by slags from melting processes and dust, the creation of which is copied by the entire foundry process. Dust waste is generated from the beginning to the end of the production cycle in the foundry. Finishing operations represent, in addition to a large source of noise, a l...

Statistical data, as well as public reports and comments from industry experts, show that the transition of local governments to the digitisation of internal processes has several challenges, mainly related to ensuring sustainability, reducing the impact on the environment, data security, and technical maintenance [2,3]. Therefore, it is essential to assess the situation in local governments and choose the most appropriate support system for Latvia's situation, which would not only be financial support. In public ...

The use of pig slurry as fertilizer has a clear impact on farm-level energy input requirements, being a correct and natural way of its decomposition and also contributing to the reducing of the amount of chemical fertilizers used, which, in addition to the high cost, may leads to the pollution of the areas where they are applied. Swine sludge could provide between 38 and 61% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in chemical fertilizer. The purpose of the work is to determine the changes that the application of...

Nowadays the manure management is a very actually topic. There is an important part of it the manure processing technology. However, we need for it a manure fermentation plant with an adequate capacity and there is important, the processing plant must be near for the pig and poultry farm to process the manure as soon as possible to reduce the harmful emission and bind the valuable nutrients in the fermented manure. The new established processing plant added advantages, that their produces excellent qualities and h...

Concrete is a building material composed of aggregate, cement and water. Aggregate forms a filler, cement, after mixing with water, creates crystals that connect the aggregate with a firm and flexible bond. Cement slurry gradually loses its plasticity and begins to solidify and harden, until it finally turns into cement stone. Quartz sand is most often used as aggregate. Concrete is a building material composed of aggregate, cement and water. Aggregate forms a filler, cement, when mixed with water, forms crystals ...

Pursuing sustainability in a rapidly changing global landscape has necessitated a paradigm shift in economic models. At the forefront of this transformation is the Circular Economy, characterized by the continuous reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing of products and materials, which has gained prominence as a means to address pressing environmental challenges while fostering economic growth. This research explores the interplay between the circular economy, innovation, investment, and social responsibility. These...

The paper deals with the ? + ? titanium alloys, due to their good properties such as low specific weight and high values of mechanical properties have found wide application as a construction material. Their disadvantage is high price and complicated production of the basic material - titanium but also alloying components (molybdenum, chromium), associated with high energy demand and undesirable effects on ecology. The inhomogeneity of the deformation with formation of deformation bands are typical for these alloy...

Disposal of by-products from the processing of plant foods is a major industry concern, but these by-products are also promising sources of compounds with technological or nutritional properties and are now being considered as a possible source of functional compounds. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which contains a high protein content, fiber, and other critical minerals for humans, is one of the most significant pulses in the world. The objective of this work is to exploit the properties of common bean...

Taxation can be used as a tool to promote sustainable waste management and recycling of industrial plastic, paper and glass; therefore, this article aims to assess the effectiveness of existing waste taxes by considering their effects on waste generation and disposal in Europe. In this context, a comparative study has been carried out to understand taxpayers- behaviours towards waste taxation, tax rates and methods preferred to calculate the amount of tax to be paid. Sustainable waste management is of particular i...

Pyrophyllite was investigated in this study as a potential adsorbent for the removal of glyphosate, a common herbicide for the control of a wide variety of weeds. There are several publications in the literature that discuss how glyphosate interacts with clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, and bentonite, but there is no information regarding the possibility of glyphosate removal from aqueous solution using pyrophyllite. In this study, the adsorption of glyphosate from water samples onto pyrophyllite,...

In the context of the recycling of waste from wrought aluminum alloys, especially food packaging, these were re-melted and cast into bars. The alloy thus obtained contains up to 2.0% Si, 0.8% Cu, 2.0% Fe, 2.5% Mn and other elements in tenths of %. The problem in its further processing is the porosity. Several methods were used to quantify it, of which the most accurate method was weighing. The disadvantage of this method is the requirements of the competence of the personnel as well as technical equipment. Other m...