Browse

The totality of all that is human-made: technical devices and systems, cities, houses, roads and all that humans have constructed to keep them alive on the planet are called the technosphere. The technosphere though is a relatively new phenomenon is evolving extraordinarily rapidly and its mass has been estimated to approximate to 30 trillion tons. Currently the weight of all that man creates in a year is an order of magnitude greater than the mass of wild living organisms (biomass). Thus, our civilization faces v...

The purpose of the paper is evaluation of the influence of the additives of manufacture waste asphalt shingles (MWAS) on the properties of asphalt concrete mixture. Laboratory tests were performed on the asphalt concrete samples with additive of 1% and 2% WMAS. The scope of the study included the following tests: stiffness modulus at three temperatures (5пїЅC, 15пїЅC and 30пїЅC), indirect tensile strength in dry and wet conditions, fatigue properties, resistance to permanent deformation and resistance to low tempe...

The aim of the paper is evaluation of the influence of the additives of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and manufacture waste asphalt shingles (MWAS) on the chosen properties of asphalt concrete mixture. Laboratory tests were performed on the asphalt concrete samples with additive of 20% RAS and 1% WMAS. The scope of the study included the following tests: stiffness modulus at three temperatures (5пїЅC, 15пїЅC and 30пїЅC), indirect tensile strength in dry and wet conditions, fatigue properties, and resistance to ...

This investigation reports the influence of industrial waste material namely slag on the performance on cement composites. Recall that slag is a landfill material resulting from the extraction process of steel making. The scrap material was physically treated by crushing followed by ball milling and screening. The slag was mixed with the Portland cement and compared with traditionally Portland cement composite. The mix was casted into the desired moulds and allowed to cure at room temperature for 48h followed by o...

Industrial waste is a very important environmental problem. It is the result of business activities carried out by man. Waste is practically manufactured at every stage of production and service activities. In many cases, waste includes very dangerous and toxic products that negatively affect the soil, air and water. In Poland about 90% of all waste is industrial waste, coming mainly from mining, metallurgy, power industry, chemical industry, processing industry, food industry and others. This waste causes a very ...

Chromium is widely used in the form of metal and in the form of compounds. The compounds of Cr(VI) are highly toxic. Therefore, the wastewater containing chromium must be thoroughly cleaned by sorption, extraction, electrochemical and biochemicals methods. Methods based on the reduction of Cr(VI) occupy an important place. A large number of reducing agents, including FeSO4, has been proposed for this. Studies carried out earlier showed that during this reaction a magnetoactive compound is formed. Lignosulfonic aci...

In the power plants where coal combustion is used to produce electricity and heat, solid combustion products are produced, i.e. furnace waste (ashes and slags) and waste from waste gas extraction. The amount of ash or slag depends on the quality of the coal and the ash content. To get 1 kWh of electricity it is produced from 60 to 200 g of waste. Only in 1989 in Poland, the energy industry produced 23.8 million Mg of waste. Only 4 million Mg of these waste (in the building materials industry) was used, while 19.8 ...

The article outlines the results of magnetizing roasting of manganiferous technogenic raw materials investigation, which were conducted to study the process of magnetizing roasting of пїЅTurпїЅ deposit manganiferous sludge. Magnetizing roasting of sludge was carried out, size of 0.045-0.315 mm. During the process of magnetizing roasting, the coal of Shubarkol class -3 + 2 mm was used. According to the analysis, Shubarkul coal has the following composition, %: ash - 4.87; moisture-4.71; volatile-42.02. After roasti...

Polyvinyl chloride пїЅ a synthetic polymer that has received widespread application as packaging material. Like any plastic, PVC does not decompose in the environment and usually recycled by burning or accumulating in landfills. Recycling of packaging materials is time-consuming and energy-consuming process, so because of that, it is necessary to explore ways of minimising the harm caused by use of plastic packaging on the environment: for example, degradation of the polymer in a natural way. One of possible optio...

Nowadays there is a search for alternative motor fuels. In this situation, applied science is actively working on the problem of the search of cheap, high-calorie and environmentally friendly fuel.To solve this problem, the basic technological scheme of processing of real exhaust gases of TPP in a high-octane diesel is developed, and laboratory apparatus (column with cooling tubes) for the synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether is suggested.The advantage of the developed scheme of reprocessing of real exhaust ga...

Into this paper there are presented physical and mechanical properties of control samples from self-compacting concrete realized with fly ash and silica fume (like powders) and superplasticizer. The slump of fresh self-compacting concrete was 680 mm, L-box h1/h2=0.92 and V-funnel = 12 sec. There were realized prismatic samples with dimensions 10 x 10 x 30 cm. The control samples were kept into laboratory curing conditions. The testing ages were at 28 days and 9 years. At 28 days age, the compressive strengths on p...

The goal of this article is answering the question regarding the conditions that need to be met by thermal waste processing plants in terms of their location. Based on analyses of a set of operational Polish thermal waste processing plants, as well as structures which are not yet operational but that have a known location, the author performed research aimed at determining the accessibility of the abovementioned structures. The author also performed analyses regarding the areas in which thermal waste processing pl...

The aim of the paper is created the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)/Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) under uncertainty of the production of rare earth elements (REEs), from the European sources, mainly neodymium, cerium and lanthanum obtained from secondary sources, considered now as waste. The European sources with the highest content in REE, were identified to be New Kankberg (Sweden), and data from the flotation and magnetic separation processes of the tailings were used in presented case study. Uncertainty assessment in...

Cities are facing to a new environmental threat, namely the growing quantity and the complexity of waste. Waste generation rates have increased rapidly due to urbanization and industrialization. Per capita waste generation rates in many developing countries have nowadays exceeded one kilogram per day. In most OECD (The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, municipal solid waste generation rates are slightly above one-kilogram per capita. Moreover, the population growth and urbanization...

Energy needs are increasingly growing due to the mechanization of industry by the industrial revolution, increased production in line with increased population, higher prosperity levels, and abundance of electrical tools. Mineral oil get polluted chemically and physically and become unusable after a certain amount of usage. As natural resources are limited, mineral waste oil need to be recycled in order to reduce production costs and achieve sustainable energy acquisition. Cement factories are energy-intensive bus...

Water jet technology is friendly and belongs to green technology. Water jet technology is divided depending on whether the water is used only water or a mixture of an abrasive and water to clear water jet and abrasive water jet technology. It is possible to divide as the paper material to the steel. This progressive technology is applied in various sectors of industry. During the cutting operations creates the waste in the forms as used abrasive material, polluted water, sludge, used material and other rest materi...

Recycling - the process of transforming waste into new materials - represent a modern alternative for eliminating waste and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Recycling - part of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in the hierarchy of waste пїЅ helps to reduce the consumption of raw materials and to reduce energy consumption, air pollution (in phase of combustion waste) and water (in phase of waste storage). Among the recyclable materials such as glass, paper, plastic, metal, textiles are used tires. These tires...

Plastics are materials used in almost all areas of human activity and also in various branches of industry and in life in general. The growing production of plastics, their volume are evenly growing up also in the waste, therefore it is necessary to solve the plastic waste problem. The contribution deals with the using of recycled plastics plates and testing of sorted plastic waste. From the plastic waste as the semi-products re prepared for example the plastic plates by extruding technology, it means recycled pla...

Following mining and processing activity, results a significant amount of mining wastes, in the form of sterile mineral. These wastes are stored largely in mining tailing ponds or heaps. The chemical composition of the sterile material depends from one mining site to another. For long time worldwide, tailing deposits were considered waste deposits, without the possibility of future use. A few of the negative effects on the environment my constructing and exploiting mining tailing ponds, heaps, landfills, are the d...

The article presents the results of investigations into the chemical composition, contents of selected rare earth elements and the reaction of eluates obtained from the waste (ash and slag) produced in the process of hard coal combustion in a pulverized-fuel boiler. Samples for tests were taken from the ash and slag landfill from three 10-metre vertical profiles. The total content of REEs in the examined ash-slags ranges from 295 to 366 mg/kg. The average concentration of rare earth elements is 330 mg/kg, with a s...

End-of-life solar photovoltaic (PV) panels represent a waste stream that will show high and rapid increase from 2020 onwards. Annual quantities could rise by a factor of 25 or higher in the period 2020 to 2050, turning waste PV panels into a material stream that will account for a significant share of waste electrical and electronic equipment occurrence. Assessing the types of modules on the market displays a high and further growing variety of PV panels, showing differences in design, basic technology and used co...

As direct consequence of the urban development, waste management is a multidimensional issue that incorporates political, institutional, social, environmental, and economic aspects. The paper aims to analize the efficiency of waste management strategy, implemented in the town of Boto?ani. It is also considering, the populationпїЅs level of education and perception, regarding selective collection and the quality of public Sanitation Services. Boto?ani is a second rank town (the most important in Boto?ani county), l...

Sustainable waste management has been increasing its importance recently inside the industrialized world. In accordance with European Union guidelines, Spain is carrying through an advanced policy that encourages waste reuse and recycling, it has also at social and economic agents disposition integrated management plans. From 2015 to 2022, it has been approved a plan which provides guidelines. However, that document, which is quite perfect, doesnпїЅt include an inventory of suitable mining holes for being use as l...

Apart form main product output, the side products having the second raw materials and industry wastes status are being created in metallurgy plant technological process. Dust outlets, waste gases, technological liquids and particularly slags represent main metallurgy industry wastes. Metallurgy plant with closed production cycle and annual capacity of 5 millions tons of steel yearly produces about 1 million tons of blast furnace slag, 0.5 million tons of steelmaking slag and 0.05 million ton of secondary metallurg...

Further to the global trend of using wastes as secondary resources, also in the Czech and Slovak Republic there is an emphasis on the new benefication of wastes in terms of their further utilization and recycling in technological processes. The utilization of wastes does not only broaden the raw material base, but it also helps to save the primary sources of minerals as well as there are lower costs of waste transport, dumping and disposal thanks to their complex utilization. The paper deals with the application o...

The paper deals with the issue of separating biodegradable PLA (polylactic acid) bottles from conventionally used packaging materials such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate). The separation of these materials is especially important because each of the plastics has a different cycle at the end of its secondary use. Recycling PET bottles the quality of the granulate may be degraded due to the occurrence of PLA material, while the occurrence of PET is undesirable during composting the biodegradable plastics PLA as ...

Biosorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solu tions has been studied and determined to adsorption capacity. The expe rimental data obtained from batch equilibrium tests have been analyzed by three two-parameter (Fre undlich, Langmuir and Temkin) isotherm models, four three-parameter (Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Toth and Khan) isotherm models and kinetic models including the pseudo-f irst order and pseudo-second order. The adsorption data fit well with Temkin isotherm for orange peel and Freundlich isotherm for walnut a...

The production of pulps and paper has a variety of negative influence on the environment. There are some technologies which can moderate the negative impacts and they have also a positive economical ef fect (e.g. paper recycling). It causes the paper alterations, which results in the degr adation of their physical and mechanical properties. The recycling causes a chemi cal, thermal, biologi cal and mechanical destruction, or their combination. The aim of this work was to investigate changes of macromolecular weigh...

The paper presents the results of column adsorption of Cu 2+ metal ions from synthetic solution (concentration up to 200 mg dm -3) onto beech sawdust and wheat straw. Adsorption ability of the chosen type of adso rbent is considered as a function of the initial pH of solution. The breakthrough curv es are presented as a function of the aqueous phase volume passed through the colu mn allowing getting an insight in the column adsorption features. A very high adsorption degree – higher than 99% was achieved in thes...

The main emphasis of the research is on the utilization of plastic wastes and there are described findings from production and applic ation of synthetic aggregate made from waste polyethylentereftalate (PET), replacem ent of natural aggregate with PET grit, production of lightweight concrete with melamine and production of modern composite materials utilizing bonding compounds based on P ET. The study describes results from the research of application of suitable treated PET beverage bottles for the production of ...

Waste management is pressing harder with the alarming signal warning the industry. The success of local recycling programmes is reliant upon households’ participation. Recycling of solid wastes is considered as the only method to recover the waste generated. In recognition of this, doorstepping approach is used as one the main driver tools towards increasing households partic ipation. This study was based on selected residential areas (different level incomes) within Kuala Terengganu town (Malaysia). Questionnai...

Recovery of gold and other valuable metals from electronic scrap involves a complex metallurgical flow sheet and requires state- of-the-art recovery technologies that are available in large-scal e, integrated smelter-refinery opera tions. At the end of their use, electronic and other el ectrical product scrap offer an important recycling potential for the secondary supply of gold and silver into the market. With gold concentrations reaching 200-250 g/t for computer circuit boards, this scrap is an ‘urban mine’...

Recycling is the method used to reduce the environmental impact of large volumes of materials, the sparing use of resources is another relevant factor here. The waste materials which occur in the foundry and st eel industry alongside the target products most be used elsewhere or returned to the foundry and steelmaking processes. The result will be that the need to dispose of material s will be greatly reduced , so alleviating the demand for landfill capacity. In addition, raw material depo sits will be conserved a...

The goal of a recycled paper or board manufacturer is to make a product that meets customersО„ specification and requirements. At the present utilization rate, using recycled fibres in commodity grades such as newsprint and packaging paper and board has not caused noticeable deterioration in product quality and performance. The expected increase in recovery rates of used pa per products will require a considerable consumption increase of recycled fibres in higher quality grades such as office paper and magazine pa...

The paper presents the main factories which determine the environment pollution at hot dip galvanization process of steel sheet and developing of recycling technologies of zinc by-product, with a view to recovering metal zinc or different sub- products, and returning them in the production cycle. By th e recycling of zinc by- products the prime material consumption is reduced and enviro nmental protection is improved. Industrial wastes generated in the hot dip galvanization pr ocess of steel sheet are: zinc ash, d...

In the world, over 18 million vehicles are rejected annually from operation. The spent catalysts are obtained from th e vehicles at the end of their life cycle as well as the vehicles which do not meet the prescribed st andards in the ECO test respected to the composition of exhaust gases. The basis of each catalyst is a ceramic monolith with deposited valuable platinum metals. The spent catalysts are solid waste and also the rich raw material for recovery of precious metals. The aim of this paper is a separation ...

Zinc is a widely applicable metal and therefore the different composition and form of zinc waste is generated. The most important waste material generated in production and processing of zinc is scrap metal of zinc and its alloys, as well as slag, dust and sludge from the production and processing of cat hode zinc and zinc alloys. In terms of processing technology, there are different app lied procedures depending on the type of raw material. The processing of waste zinc a nd its alloys is pyrome tallurgical and i...

The paper presents some results of research and development, obtained by the institute and its partners, to promoting advanced technologies and equipment for wood waste recycling, in order to obtain the ecological compost used for developing a sustainable and ecological agriculture. At the beginning, there is presented mobile wood chipper equipment, for fragmentation and shredding of wood branch es resulting from activities of grooming / trimming of trees and shrubs in agricultural areas, orchards and forestry. In...

Castings production from gray cast iron is 55% of castings production around the world. Cupola furnace is the most used melting furn ace for the cast iron production. There is a counter current heat excha nge during melting process in the cupola furnace. Gases proceed upwards and charge and coke downw ards where they are heated. During this process the emission creation. These emissions come from coke and metallic parts of the charge. Another sources of contamination are particles created by abrasion of charge on ...

The power plants produces hundreds tones of fly ashes yearly. From this amount is really used in the reason only 10 % with out the any treatment in the industrial production. The rest of this ashes are de posited on dumps and settling pits, that have many negative influence on the environment. Following the previous results from the extensive treatment research was proposed the waste less technology of the complex treatment and utilization of black coal fly ash. The final products of this technology are the produc...

It is proposed to process gold mine man-made wastes through ultrasonic activation of source materials in water, then in an alkaline solution with subsequent cyanidation of gold-impregnated cakes, or direct cyan idation and sorption conditioning of gold multicomponent solutions with nano-structured anionite an av erage radius of pores of which is within 600-700 Зє that contains no more than 6-8% of strong-base groups. A preliminary withdrawal of elements accompanying gold ensures obtaining of good- quality target m...

The foundry industry, itself, is one of the wo rldВґs first recyclers. Foundries have been making new metal objects by remelting old ones. An estimated 15 to 20 million tons of scrap metal that would otherwise be sent to overcrowded landfills are being remade into new castings each year. As with most industries, the foundry industry generates its own by-products. Typical by-product streams from the foundry indus try include foundry sand, foundry slag, baghouse dust, and furnace and ladle refractory. In order to co...

Geotextiles are used commonly in domestic solid waste disposal sites as a protector filter and separator. Because, sand and silt particles included in waste leachate can fill space of gravels which are using as drainage layers. Therefore, the space of the drainage layer is bunged up with particles and it is decompose. This case is not wanted so the usage of the geotextiles has quite importance in waste disposal sites. In general, geotextile lies between waste and drainage layers and it is used to filtration. In or...

Significant efforts should be devoted to reducing waste outputs from aquaculture operations in order to lower the environmental impacts of aquaculture in many parts of the world. Since most aquaculture wastes are ultimately from dietary origin, reduction of waste outputs should first be through improvements of diet formulation and feeding strategies. The first step in the production of feeds producing less solid waste is to eliminate poorly digestible ingredients (such as whole grain or grain byproducts used as bi...

The increasing amount of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste is a worldwide problem which has induced requirements for its recycling and reusing. PET fibres have been used as a dispersed micro-reinforcement in a cementitious matrix. The microreinforcement in the fibre reinforced concrete absorbs tensile strain and prevents formation of microcracks originating from concrete shrinkage. The present work has been aimed at studying the effects of aging PET fibres by alkali hydrolysis and temperature cycles on the ...

Slag from pig iron, steel and cast iron production belong to metallurgical slag. A blast furnace slag is from pig iron production, slag from electric arc furnace and electric induction furnace are from steel production and stag from cupola furnace proceeds from cast iron production. There are given basic information about chemical composition and physical properties of slag in this contribution (melting temperature). As another properties basicity, content of free lime and structure of slag will be determined. Che...

An important element in the process of construction and demolition waste (CDW) recovery is the costs, which is necessary to incur in the recycling. The transportation costs create a significant part in total costs of recycling company. This is the main reason, why is important to deal with the distribution system of waste recycling, as well. We are able to define the model of CDW recycling following the analysis of recycling systems, its elements, mutual interactions and the ways of its existing in the real condit...

In this study our object is management of obsolete pharmaceutical products, vaccines and other medical waste as: syringes, needles and vials after vaccination. A right way of waste management in generally is very important for one health environment and health life. It is responsibility of everyone to take care of environment. Our focus must be on reducing the hazardous nature and the volume of our waste, and separate more of their waste, and increasing our participation in work on waste management according EU le...

Waste deposing is the most important problems for a sustainable development of our societies. In this paper is shown some models, for determinate the exploitation with optimum fees of the waste deposing on the landfill. The model take in account local condition of warehousing, the existing of sorting technology, technical and managerial abilities in waste management, the support for an efficient strategy in regard to tariffs, billing and bills collections. The overall objective is to develop the necessary infrastr...