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Carbon emission has increasingly become a topic of the day. Carbothermic reduction processes and energy generating units have for years used generic carbonaceous materials contributing to high carbon pollution. Ongoing investigations are showing good prospects. This paper corroborates a comprehensive review on the potential of biochar as an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional carbon sources in pyrometallurgical processes, addressing the environmental ithreats caused by fossil fuel use, such as gr...

The paper presents a medium-temperature modular pyrolysis plant generating electricity from syngas (SG) produced by air conversion of pyrolysis liquid and fed into the electrochemical generator (ECG) battery. Electric output of the plant and district water heater is 100 kW and 126 kW, respectively. The main power characteristics of the plant are determined by physicochemical modeling and energy budgeting methods. Specific consumption of pyrolysis liquid to produce electricity and heat is shown as 108 g/kW-h (169 g...

Modern industrial production of paraffin and other hydrocarbon-based products, such as mineral oils or waxes, is extremely closely related to the process of raw material purification. One of the key stages of this process is paraffin filtration, which aims to remove impurities and undesirable substances that may affect the quality and properties of the final product. Filter earth plays an irreplaceable role in the paraffin filtration process. The paper presents the main aspects related to soil for paraffin filtrat...

Biorefineries offer an advantageous and sustainable solution for managing by-products from the agro-industry while enabling the recovery of valuable molecules and biogas production from residual biomass. This study applied this approach to the beer industry's main by-products: Brewery-s Spent Grain (BSG). BSG is typically used as animal feed but shows potential for biorefinery applications due to its high protein content and favorable C/N ratio. By treating this biomass with an ionic liquid consisting of triethyla...

Nowadays The storage of pig slurry has been an unsolved problem for a long time in Hungary, therefore the appropriate processing technology is a very important question in order we can produce from the pig fattening and slaughtering by-products the best possible quality of final product. The determined goals of the product development can be achieved in two ways. The first possible method for it preserving the nutrients in the slurry and the another way adding fertilizers or other valuable materials, that improve ...

The article considers the processes leading to a change in the structure and properties as a result of calcination followed by acid treatment of heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit. The samples obtained by heat-acid treatment were studied by the X-ray energy dispersion spectra and diffraction patterns, as well as by adsorption of water and benzene methods. It was found that pre-heat treatment reduces weight loss and the degree of dealumination during subsequent acid treatment, and a...

Gray cast iron is still the most used material for the production of castings. It can be made in several ways, but the most efficient and economical way to make gray cast iron is in a cupola furnace. A by-product in its production is slag, which arises from impurities that may be present in the charge, from coke, which is used as fuel for the cupola furnace and part of it also passes into the slag, from the lining of the cupola furnace as well as from oxides formed during of the smelting process, sulfides and phos...

Waste management is a current and future challenge due to the increasing volume of waste. The amount of waste generated directly correlates with production and consumption patterns. The current level of natural resource utilization exceeds the Earth's capacity for replenishment. Therefore, humanity must take action to mitigate the consequences of rampant natural resource consumption. One way to achieve this goal is to increase the level of waste recycling. However, the amount of waste actually recycled is signific...

During the mining, handling, and processing activities, the production of fines is inevitable due to breakage of large particles caused by compression, abrasion, attrition and impact of the ore particles with one another and the equipment during beneficiation and handling. The fines generated as a result, are generally high-grade feed stock materials and add value to processes. Many attempts to recycle these fines have shown some limitations because of the quality of binders used for agglomeration. Pyrometallurgic...

Gypsum composites are promising building materials, but they have disadvantages such as low strength and water resistance. To improve these properties, a self-reinforcement method can be used, where the gypsum matrix is reinforced with crystals other than gypsum. One type of such crystals is ettringite. To obtain a self-reinforced gypsum composite, it is necessary to maintain a high pH environment and sufficient ions to form ettringite. In this work high-calcium fly ash, which is a waste product of coal combustion...

Asbestos is a general name applied to a group of silicate minerals which naturally occur in fibrous form. It is a natural mineral widely used in the past, especially in the construction industry. Despite its good performance properties, it is currently known that asbestos has carcinogenic properties. The problem of storing asbestos wastes is significant worldwide. This especially applies to countries where the production and use of asbestos products is prohibited by law. One of the possible methods of proceeding a...

Construction technologies are among the most critical in terms of negative impact on the environment. Burnt binders, primarily cement and air-lime, emit significant volumes of carbon dioxide and man-made heat. At the same time, a large amount of hydrocarbon fuel is also consumed for their firing. Therefore, to achieve sustainable development goals, the development of alternative binder formulations or innovative ways to produce traditional binders with low carbon emissions is necessary. The synthesis of low-carbon...

The article describes the design process for a low-cost aerial delivery system (LCADS) that is a one-time use, disposable, airdrop system consisting of cargo parachute and container. The parachute systems is developed for military resupply missions and for humanitarian relief efforts in areas where ground supply and/or recovery of airdrop equipment is difficult or not feasible. LCADS consists primarily of three types of cargo parachutes capable of supporting and delivering in a wide range of weights, from 70kg up ...

The olive oil sector is one of the most widespread agricultural and agro-industrial activities in the Mediterranean region, and it also produces a significant amount of waste biomass. This research aimed to find energy valorisation for the olive oil by-products through biogas/biomethane production from olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OW). To this end, these biomasses underwent preliminary treatments: the OP was processed using an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of triethylamine and sulfuric acid [Et3N][H...

The depletion of primary raw materials and the demand in High Tech has played a big role in finding new ways of getting raw materials including recycling. Germanium being a semi-conductor currently in high demand is being sourced from secondary materials. The purpose of this project was to recover Germanium from copper slag in the presence of pure silicon using the carbothermic reduction process. The experiment was designed using Minitab software with Taguchi as the tool for statistical analysis and to design the ...

Drawing on case studies from 18 countries, the paper explores how project management methodologies are applied in European whisky industry to implement and optimize recycling initiatives, focusing on key processes such as glass bottle return schemes, advanced waste sorting technologies, and material reuse strategies. Critical project management insights include the importance of stakeholder engagement across production, sustainability, and regulatory teams, and continuous application of lean management principles ...

The lignocellulosic biomass is produced worldwide in large quantities, which may contribute to environmental changes, global warming, wildfires, ocean and sea level rise. Recent research demonstrated efficacy of the thermal reconversion of black liquor, which represents a waste resulted from wood Kraft pulping, into gaseous (syngas), liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) final products through the pyrolysis process. This review describes the physical chemical and energy features of black liquor required for its va...

Briquetting is the pressing of dusty materials into pieces of the same shape and size. Briquetting can be done without a binder or with the addition of a binder to the briquetting mixture. Briquettes can have any shape, but the most common is the shape of a cylinder. The briquettes must be strong enough to eliminate the possibility of damage during transport and must be strong enough even at high temperatures. The briquettes have a regular shape, have the same weight, are more durable and easier to transport. They...

Recycling of chrysotile asbestos materials is a global problem. Even though the materials containing asbestos have good properties like resistance to elevated temperatures, high elasticity and mechanical strength, or abrasion resistance, it has been proven to be carcinogenic and banned in over 70 countries. Standard disposal of asbestos products - storing them in appropriately designated areas (landfills) - is a risk-taking method due to the possibility of secondary pollution of the surrounding environment and the...

Environmental water chemistry is substantially aided by modern electrochemical research. Sensitive voltammetric techniques are much more useful for metal species in natural waters, where complexation with organic molecules predominates. Many environmental electrochemists are still interested in determining the stability constants of metal ion complexes with various ionic species found in natural waterways. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible influence of complexation of amine and carboxyl groups of...

Metallurgy is one of the leaders in terms of the amount of accumulated waste worldwide. Every year the amount of waste placed in dumps, sludge ponds, tailings ponds only grows. However, at present, tailings, slag, dust, etc. of metallurgical enterprises are considered the most promising for secondary use and the extraction of valuable metals from tailings is an important problem in the world. In Kazakhstan, the technology of processing nickel-cobalt-containing tailings is practically undeveloped. Sokolov-Sarybai M...

India generates over 500 million tonnes of agricultural waste annually, much of which is lignocellulosic biomass rich in silica, calcium, potassium, and carbon elements, which are favourable for catalytic applications. This study highlights the valorisation of abundant agro-wastes such as rice husk (up to 20% silica), coconut shell (74%-78% fixed carbon), sugarcane bagasse (45%-55% cellulose), and tamarind seed (rich in polysaccharides and carbon), as cost-effective and sustainable catalysts. Various preparation t...

One of the promising areas of utilization of solid technogenic waste from energy generation is their processing to produce alumina, the production of which is accompanied by the formation of by-products that can be used to produce belite sludge (2CaO-SiO2). The basic schemes of purification of the initial ash from carbon and iron oxides are proposed. Using the example of ash from coal burning in the Ekibastuz basin, the possibility of obtaining two grades of belite sludge is shown. Up to 1.5-1.8 tons of belite slu...

Sustainable food production is growing along with consumer demands to find healthy products. The management and minimization of food by-products and the recovery of products with low economic value represent both a trend and a current necessity for the food industry. Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum native to Southeast Europe and Western Asia. It is also called Cherry Plum and Myrobolan Plum. It is cultivated mainly as an ornamental plant with several varieties differing in leaf and bud color and secondarily...