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The soils from the central part of Sredna Gora Mountain in Bulgaria were studied aiming to establish the occurrence of contemporal soil forming processes occured in the forest ecosystem. Soils were analyzed to determine the carbon content, the soil organic matter composition and the total soil acidity. The precise soil classification based on the detail morphological diagnostic was carried out. The ecological conditions in forest ecosystem determine the mode of humic substances in the studies soils. Soils are char...

Geochemistry, a young earth science discipline, has evolved with chemical analysis techniques and is now integrated with environmental issues. Industrial development has increased the input of toxic elements into soil, water and air, potentially affecting the food chain. Geochemical tools investigate these sources and assess the risk of contamination. The combination of background enrichment indices and contamination indices provides a robust framework for understanding soil contamination. This dual approach enabl...

To enable effective operational decisions and combat mission execution on the battlefield during war, access to reliable, accurate, and timely data is essential. We propose utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze extensive datasets, as modern military operations rely on accurate spatial terrain mapping for command, control, communication, and coordination. This study introduces a terrain analysis approach tailored to military vehicle movement, focusing on assessing ground resilience to vehicle tr...

The presented paper focuses the issue of finding new sources of phosphorus fertilizers to be used in conventional agriculture. Various types of pellets for heating purposes were tested. Based on the determination of phosphorus (P) content in ash obtained from the combustion of pellets produced from plant waste generated during the production of seed materials, it was found out that getting P from this ash is more effective than getting P from the ash of wooden pellets that are commonly used as fuel in households. ...

Micromorphological features of salt-affected soils in the Cis-Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions (south of East Siberia, Russia) are considered. When studying morphogenesis of these soils, pedofeatures of soluble salts and gypsum serve as indicators of modern and former stages of soil formation. Comparative-geographical, micromorphological, and chemical methods have been applied to study soil salinization. Chemical analyses attest to the presence of gypsum and soluble salts in solonchaks of both regions. However, the...

New methods for assessing soil cover heterogeneity, based on the analysis of extensive satellite data using neural network filtering technologies, were implemented to evaluate the territory of northern Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of the quality of soil cover structure (SCS) determination, using remote sensing data, was conducted using two different methods. The first method is indirect and involves determining the SCS by analyzing and aggregating multitemporal vegetation indices (MVI). The second method is ...

Phytoremediation technology is environmentally friendly and inexpensive to clean soils of harmful toxins. The study aims to introduce phytoremediation of arsenic in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions to restore soil fertility. For this study, three plants, Amaranthus gangeticus, Chenopodium album and Helianthus annuus, were selected for the accumulation and translocation of Arsenic from the contaminated soil. The seeds of selected plants were treated with the bioactivator Biorag to increase the plant's ...

Orphaned or abandoned sulphide tailing disposal sites pose significant environmental hazards, including eolian dispersion, water erosion, acid mine drainage, and heavy metal mobility. Phytostabilization, an eco-friendly strategy, entails the use of alkaline amendments alongside non-native plant species capable of thriving in environments with high concentrations of heavy metals. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of a commercial cement which contained 46.3% sand, applied alone or combined w...

Potential environmental impacts of growing maize as monoculture lead to efforts focused on finding other potentially suitable crops or their combinations that could replace the pure maize cultures. The most frequent and most effective combination is a mixed crop of maize and legumes. The presented paper deals with the issue of the quality of post-harvest residues when growing maize in the system of mixed cropping. In the field experiment, yield and quality of post-harvest residues were studied during the growing s...

The health, richness, and variety of microbial life in soil represent basic indicators for the evaluation and surveillance of forest ecosystem vitality. The vital role these microorganisms occupy in forest ecosystems underscores the necessity to in-depth assess and monitor their populations within soil habitats. Aiming to deepen our comprehension of microbial communities across different soils and soils horizons, we conducted an investigation of 22 soil profiles situated within the territory of Vitosha Nature Park...

Brown Coal Research Institute j. v. c. (VUHU) from July 2023, together with scientific teams from several European countries, participates as part of the EU research program in the solution of the REECOL project, which deals with the reclamation of areas affected by mining in European coal basins. One of the important tasks of the first phase of the project solution is to find suitable case study areas in each country of the project solution. The selection of these areas in the Most Basin (CZ) is the subject of th...

The result of the survey carried out on the territory of the Sofia-city municipality is presented, in relation to the application of the Program for the protection, sustainable use and restoration of soils as a limited and non-renewable natural resource. The obtained data on the Chomic Luvisols nearby the area of Kremikovtsi debate the basic physical and chemical soil characteristics. The priority task on the soil protection in the region aimed at the sustainable development, restoration and improvement of the soi...

The paper presents the results of research undertaken in 2023, in the perimeter of the Stationary for the Study of Soil Erosion located on the left side of the Slanic Hydrographic Basin in Buzau county, with a slope of 15-20 %. Within the station are located 12 plots for the control of soil surface erosion cultivated differently. The amount of soil washed away by torrential rains during the growing season was different depending on the degree of soil cover given by agricultural crops [11] . From the plot cultivate...

The optimal solution of intensification and ecologisation of agricultural production is achieved in adaptive-landscape farming systems. To solve the problems of adaptive landscape agriculture, classical methods of soil-landscape mapping and new methods of remote diagnostics of intra-field heterogeneity were combined to identify features that will further improve the efficiency of producing maps of groups and types of land and increase their accuracy. Identification of the spectral characteristics of groups and typ...

The purpose of this research is to conduct a research on soil pollution in the village of Koshtove (Mitrovica/Kosovo), from the sanitary landfill, in this landfill all waste from the cities of Mitrovica, Vushtria and Skenderaj are collected. The growth of population and industry also increases the amount of waste, this study aims to study the level of soil pollution from the sanitary landfill of Koshtova, the village in the western part of the city of Mitrovica. This area has been clean, by the river Iber, the con...

Soil moisture, soil temperature, nutrient availability, and land use practices affect the GHG emissions from soils. In this study, the aim is to determine and analyse GHG emissions from agricultural soils in five monitoring sites. The mobile spectrophotometer Picarro G2508 is used for the quantification of N2O, CH4, and CO2 soil flux across five monitoring sites used for agricultural production during the growing seasons from 2017 to 2023. Findings reveal significant variations in GHG emissions across the monitori...

The study aimed to identify the influence of the altitudinal difference on the fertility characteristics of grasslands soils and implicitly on the production and quality of plant associations intended for grazing with animals. For that, the study material was represented by the soils of the grasslands in the region of the ?ureanu Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. From a geographical point of view, distinct formations were identified in the studied area with altitudes between 250 m and 1800/18...

White sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medik.) is a plant species from the group of legumes, and this is why it has a capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen on the basis of symbiosis with bacteria of the genus Rhizobium that is not available for most plants.The species is used primarily for the production of biomass and for soil remediation. Biomass of white sweet clover can be used in biogas plants. It is also one of important producers of nectar for pollinators. The aim of the experiment was to find out whether the a...

In 2021, a field experiment was conducted with white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) the seed of which is an interesting raw material in agriculture, industry and food production. Stands of tested plants were established without tillage into a freezing catch crop from the Fabaceae family within regenerative agriculture. The stand of clovers was used as a tool of bio-drilling to work the soil and as a source of nitrogen required by the subsequent crop, and the frozen biomass was applied as mulch onto the soil surface. Th...

The aim of the study was to compare variable rate (VRA) and uniform (UNI) application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in winter wheat and to evaluate the effect on the achieved yields, nitrogen balance and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). For these purposes, a field experiment with an area of 16.98 ha of winter wheat was established in 2022 at farm Agra Risuty s.r.o. (Czech Republic, EU). Variable nitrogen topdressing was realized twice during the vegetation period based on yield potential (YP) maps. The evaluation ...

The highly diversified structure of the vegetal carpet in permanent grasslands, made up of numerous plant species from various botanical families, also influences a strong differentiation in the consumption of nutrients by these plant species. Thus, species with high fodder value, are high consumers of nitrogen, and meadow leguminous species require higher consumption of phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. The area of permanent grasslands studied is located in the Banat Plain Romania, more precisely at the contact...

The agricultural area of the town of Sanicolau Mare is 18,836 ha, where the following types of soil were identified: aluviosols, 2,335.66 ha; chernozems, 7,553.24 ha; vertosols, 4,407.62 ha; gleysols, 94.18 ha; solonetz, 659.26 ha; and soil associations, such as aluviosols, chernozems, vertosols and solonetz, 3,786.04 ha. The town is in the low plain of the Aranca Canal. The plain is generally plane, but slightly fragmented as a result of water erosion during flooding by the River Mure? (no longer possible nowaday...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of low rates (20-40 kg ha-1) of siliconcontaining organo-mineral complex (LignoCel-Si) application on potatoes "Imanta" and summer wheat -Vinjet- productivity and quality, under conditions of organic farming. The LignoCel-Si organo-mineral complex was obtained on the basis of the residues of hydrolysis lignin and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) agro-waste lignocellulosic biomass after water-ethanol extraction, and enriched with silicon (Si)- containing inorga...

The paper presents the main limiting factors of the soils in the town of Biled, Timi? county, factors that affect the production potential of the soil cover in the area. The studied territory is located in the central part of Timi? county. The following limiting factors were reported: compactness of the soil, by 8.77%; excess phreatic moisture manifested by 12.74%, soil alkalinity manifested by 1.65%; soil acidity manifested on 0.24% and the low level of humus content signaled on 0.57% of the surface. As a result ...

The first attempts to explain the phenomena of soil formation and evolution were based on one or more pedogenetic factors, which results in the fact that there are a wide range of concepts and formulations in this regard. It is also specified that in the formation of the soil cover, in addition to pedogenetic processes, some geological processes also take place, which interfere with the formation of the soil cover and which are considered pedogeological processes. A thorough analysis of the specific and combined a...

One of the main lines of research on the impact of climate change is the study of drought and its effects on agricultural production. The aim of this study is to determine the key parameter of plant expression in relation to water stress and soil hydrophysical properties, thereby more accurately determining the need for real-time soil profile water enhancement. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at the Nove Zamky experimental site, with research on royal walnut (Juglans regia L.) During the study, we clo...

The village of Sag has an area of 8,664 ha, of which 8,419 ha is agricultural land. The deterioration of soil quality has negative repercussions on either one or all soil functions. From a geomorphological point of view, the territory of the village is located in the Banat- Crisana Plain, part of the Western Plain of Romania, the eastern extremity of the Tisza Plain, in the Timis-Bega interfluvium, a unit formed exclusively by the cumulative action of the Timis River. The sustainable use of the soil involves measu...

In order to reduce the impact of agricultural activity on global warming and promote sustainable land management, it is necessary to implement management practices that reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Conventional soil tillage produces favorable conditions for the growth of seeds and plants, but it is an energy and labor-intensive method that alters the soil to an unfavorable condition, while reduced soil tillage decrease the use of energy resources, GHG emissions from the soils, and improves the soil quali...

Water erosion is one form of physical soil degradation. As a result of climate change, global warming and changes in the distribution of atmospheric precipitation are also taking place in Slovakia. In the southern, warmer regions, snowfall decreases during the winter at the expense of rain precipitation. During the winter period outside the main crop growing season, arable land is often without a vegetation cover to protect the soil structure from the action of the kinetic energy of falling rain. For this reason, ...

The paper presents the cover of soils, their characteristics and the way of use according to the fertility and favorability of the soils identified in the Remetea Mare locality in Timis county. For this, a series of analyzes and field observations were carried out as well as comparisons of the initial data taken from previous studies and researches. Soil profiles were dug, 14 soil samples were collected in a disturbed structure to determine the main physico-mechanical, chemical and water indices, after which the d...

The main objective of this study is to analyse the main pedogenesis factors that have contributed to the formation of soils in Seca?, Timi? County, Romania, using modern methods. The pedological data found in the study are represented by the transformation of analogue maps into digital maps using the GIS method. To begin with, the study area, geomorphology, geology, hydrology and hydrography of the locality, climate and vegetation conditions, decisive factors in the formation of soils in the study area were delimi...

Biochar application to agriculture soil has been recommended as a strategy to reduce increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and mitigate climate change. Significant suppression of soil CO2 emissions following biochar amendments has been demonstrated in short-term laboratory incubations by several authors, yet evidence from long-term field trials has been contradictory. This study investigates whether biochar addition to the soil could suppress soil CO2 emission under field conditions after 6-th...

The importance of land assessment activity consists in the fact that the data provided by these studies constitute the basic documentation for establishing the most appropriate practical measures for protection, improvement and rational use of soils for biomass production in an optimized and rigorous dynamics. correlated with the growing demands of environmental protection. The evolution and fertility of soils is conditioned by a large number of their individual properties and by many specific processes that take ...

The soils potential is the result of interdependence between the characteristics of the vegetation and the natural environment, also the level of production is the result of the influence of determining factors: natural environmental factors and technological factors. The influence of biotope relief factors on the above-ground vegetation is a direct consequence of the altitudinal differentiation of climatic conditions, a vegetation layer and implicitly a rather varied and complex area soil cover. It is unanimously...

Erosion dominates among the degradation processes of chernozems (black soils) in Ukrainian. It covers 32% of the total area of agricultural land - 14.9 million hectares. The development of erosion processes depends on the combined effect of factors: climatic, geomorphologic, geologic (including the characteristics of parent rocks), hydrogeologic and technogenic impact. The purpose of the research is the analysis of natural and technogenic factors of chernozems degradation in Ukraine to develop the principles of pr...

The paper presents the effect of zeolitic volcanic tuff on soil fertility as a consequence of treating soil with zeolitic tuff supplies (clinoptilolite rich tuff). This high silicon tuff type and the essential features of the clinoptilolite has generated in time changes in soil properties like soil reaction, an effective pH buffering, increase of water absorption and cation exchange properties. The effect of using three different doses of zeolitic volcanic tuff, with and without ammonium nitrate addition as fertil...

The industrial cultivation of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) in Latvia was started during last 20 years with total plantings of more than 125 ha today. As a native wetland plant, commonly cranberries grows on poor, acid soils and are characterized as nutrients low requiring crop, however, balanced plant nutrition is vitally important to realize the full potential of cranberries as crop, to ensure adequate growth and yield production. Previous results obtained by authors from different cranberry p...

The paper deals with soil properties characterized the intrinsic peculiarity of studied Chromic Cambisols from the Upper Thracian Lowland, in the Southern Bulgaria. To fulfill the aim, a systematic survey and sampling have been carried out on the terrain with conventional and organic systems of farming. Soil physical, chemical and physicochemical properties were discussed including the analyzed data for particle size distribution, content and composition of organic substances, cation exchange capacity, soil bulk d...

The paper deals with statistical analyses of data on soil properties of Pellic Vertisols selected from the eastern as well western part of the Upper Thracian Lowland, in Southern Bulgaria. Based on the survey in 2019, 2020 and 2021 at conventional and organic farming the data was processed using the statistical package Statgraphics (Anova). Soil textural class was the same a light to heavy clay and the total porosity was low. Natural variability of soils was due to imposed local separateness of organic farming fro...

The purpose of the study and research undertaken over a long period of time has its origins in current scientific and practical concerns regarding the accumulation of knowledge about the physical-geographical characteristics and of its zonal particularities, as an element that define the structure of the land fund and the quality of soils, necessary to substantiate the technologies of sustainable management of the physical, geographical, climatic and edaphic conditions from that space. The issue addressed is a com...

One of the most important properties of soils is soil texture. Soil texture is defined as a collection of soil particles of different sizes - i.e. grain size. Particle analysis is a laboratory process that causes material dislocation into individual particles. The methods for the actual soil grain size analyses are based on the standard. This is the sieving test, the density test or the pipetting method. These methods are well known and widely used. The soil is then usually classified according to the triangular d...

The paper presents the complex pedological framework where the high-precision sensors from the meteorological stations are tested in order to remotely transmit the soil parameters with express reference to the NPK content and the water content of the soil. In the context of climate change, the interest in continuous, "in situ" knowledge of soil moisture and macroelement content is high because soil properties are correlated with the mathematical simulation of how crops are formed on agricultural plots. While regio...

The main purpose of the research carried out through 2016-2021, on a chernozem type soil, with remarkable fertility characteristics, located in the lower Plain of Banat, finds its origin in the current scientific discussions and practical preoccupations, which are more and more intense, as it is imperative find and developed an integrated management, which is agronomically efficient, in the current context of global climate change. These represent a major challenge for the agricultural sector, in order to ensure w...

The objective of this paper is the morphological characterization as well as the establishment of soil quality classes in the commune of Dubova, Mehedinti County, Romania. Soil is a primary component for plant production, although it is often considered only as a physical support for plant growth. However, the concerns of mankind over the sustainability of agriculture have made it possible to consider that soil is a living, high-quality system and should, therefore, be preserved. This is the result of several inte...

In the present work the researches were carried out between 2017-2020, in the Tata Valley watershed, which has an area of 16.15 sq. km and administratively belongs to Dambovita county, Romania and is located between latitudes of 45o9’ N-45o15’ N and longitudes 21o21’ E-25o27’ E. The methodology used for processing the basic data from 2017-2020, was the adaptation of the USLE equation (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to the specific environmental and anthropic conditions in Romania and called ROMSEM - Romanian Soil E...

The modernization and industrialization of the world contributes to create many ecological problems in the environment that affect every living organism. All the harmful pollutants that have been accumulating since the 1950s cause the greatest damage to the environment around us, which ultimately leads to global warming, climate change, and more. Harmful pollutants of the environment can be radiation, biological and chemical (organic and inorganic) substances. From inorganic chemicals heavy metals are most dangero...

The topic is up-to-date, related to the full use of organic materials in crop production and livestock breeding. This is part of the goals of the circular economy and is successfully linked to the need to maintain a positive balance of soil organic matter in agricultural lands. The problem is an important issue for sustainable agriculture on arable land but has a different meaning in different soil types. Organic fertilization is an effective method for maintaining soil fertility. Two soil types were used - Luviso...

Soilless hydroponic cultivation of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) has expanded rapidly during the last few decades. One of the key factors in achieving high productivity in industrial greenhouses is the choice of growing medium. Rockwool has become dominant, especially in Europe. However, in addition to energy consumption during production, landfilling of rockwool as a non-biodegradable material is expensive and poses an environmental risk. Therefore, there is increasing use of organic substrates in the soilless c...

Reservoirs, which can have different floor plans, are among the most important civil engineering structures used in various branches of industry, in agriculture, in water management. They can be made from the different materials, but the most common are reinforced concrete or steel. All these structures are placed on the ground, the composition of which depends on the location of such a structure. In addition to these surface tanks there are also semi-recessed or fully recessed ones. Any of such tanks must be desi...

Climatic changes are recorded across the globe. Within the cryolitic zone, in the area of insular permafrost and permanent snow patches, the relevance of soil temperature measuring lies in recording changes of perennially frozen rocks and dynamics of seasonal soil freezing. These indicators are important for understanding changes in environmental parameters, landscape changes in the boreal zone, and the impact of changes on human economic activities, including the oil and gas industry. The present studies of the s...