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Both the United Kingdom as well as Czech Republic have seen increased impacts due to flooding in recent years. Rural flooding is due to intense and heavy rainfall-runoff events. Runoff brings with it soil erosion and sediment transport, so called ?muddy floods,? which causes serious onsite and offsite damages in the landscape or even in settlement area and infrastructure. Long-term observation and measurement is crucial step for understanding of complexity of processes involved in the generation of muddy floods an...

Biochar, as a product of carbon-rich thermal degradation of biomass, can increase crop yield and retention capacity of soil, improve soil quality and nutrient cycle. The use of biochar has positive effect primarily on soils with low quality, so its use in conventional agricultural temperate soils has often different effects and depends especially on the biochar feedstock and the pyrolysis process. There are not many research papers which are studying changes in biochar properties over time, i.e. whether the biocha...

Environmental pollution by manganese is a significant problem for the Imereti region. The source of pollution is derived from manganese extraction quarry and ore processing plant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the concentration of manganese and other heavy metals in the soil, air and water. Samples were taken from the industrial area, and the chemical elements were identified in them using ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentration of manganese and some other metals exceed to the permissible l...

The paper focuses on the determination of studied risk elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in the upper layer of agricultural land located in the inundation zone of the Stiavnica River in the cadastral area of Dudince village. The studied area is characterized by historical contamination of floodplains. The contamination vector is represented by the Stiavnica River that drains the nearby area of Stiavnica Mountains, an important mining area in the past. Analyzes to determine the exchange soil reaction and the content of ...

A great number of agricultural structures such as irrigation and drainage systems and anti-erosion facilities like bulk shafts, terraces, grassed run-off holding collectors, barrages, wind protection belts, etc. were put into operation during the last century in Bulgaria. The Agrarian Reform of the 1990-s posed unfavorable conditions for preservation and use of this valuable inheritance. Currently, small-sized, fragmented and scattered land use causes deterioration of land quality and infrastructure. The regulator...

The aim of the paper is to investigate the correlations between the parameters and mineralogy of agricultural soils contaminated by hazardous elements originated from the metallurgical industry. The mineralogical constituents of soil have a major influence on soil fertility and production capacity, as well as on migration and assimilation in various proportions of the elements both with nutritional role for plants and potential toxic ones. The importance of the study originates from the necessity of knowing the so...

This article presents results of researches of genesis and physical and chemical properties of humic acids of peat stratigraphic rigging of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve, selected in the area of The Mukhrino Field Station of the UNESCO chair of Yugra State University. The coordinates of the selection: 60.89535 N?68.639033 E. Ash content of peat does not exceed 12%. The effect of botanical composition of the original plants of the peat-forming plants of peat type on the construction of the macromolecules of humic acids ...

In a laboratory model experiment, the effect of native pyrochars and modified pyrochars, from which labile organic matter were extracted, on substrate-induced respiration (SIR) was evaluated. Native samples of pyrochars were obtained from the remnants of linden wood at low-temperature (250°C), medium-temperature (450°C) and high-temperature (650°C) pyrolysis. Modified pyrochar samples were obtained by extracting labile fractions with cold water, boiling in hot water and treating with an alkaline solution of Na4P2O...

Degradation of soil cover is one of the most important problems in modern environmental management. In this paper, the results of field studies of changes in the dry steppe soil cover depending on grazing intensity are presented. The study area is located within the dry-steppe zone of the Russian Plain on the western slope of the Yergeninskaya Upland in Remontnesky District of Rostov Region. The soil cover is represented by Kashtanozems and Solonetz. In the vegetation cover, wormwood-grass associations prevail. As...

The level of contamination by heavy metals and arsenic (As) was estimated in post-agrogenic Retisols, Phaeozems, and Chernozems, belonging to different bioclimatic zones of European Russia. Each chronosequense included arable soil, abandoned soils of different age of restoration and native (forest or steppe) cenosis. The content of organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH value, total amount of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co), and As were measured in mixed soil samples collected in the former arable horizo...

The humus acids, which are part of organic matter, are an important part of the soil. Their properties affect the various pollutants, including trace metals. The article presents the structural and functional composition of humuc acids in the Euro-Arctic zone soils, which was investigated by the methods of molecular spectroscopy. An assessment of ecoprotective role to trace metals was made, which especially important for sensitive Arctic soils, formed under the influence of permafrost (cryogenic) processes. Differ...

This research consists of the accumulation of scientific data regarding the evolution of certain components of agricultural land productivity, regarding the cosmic-atmospheric (temperatures, rainfall) and the telluric-edaphic conditions (hydro physical features like: humidity, field capacity, useful water capacity, wilting coefficient) needed to substantiate current pedoameliorative technologies for their efficient use through a complex approach of the physical-geographic and climatic-edaphic conditions in the Low...

Nowdays, a degree of contamination by heavy metals can be observed in the environment. Heavy metals have serious effects on all living organisms because they can accumulate in lethal or sublethal concentrations in the various parts of food chain and so they can cause different health problems like cardiovascular, psychosomatic and cancer diseases. This work is focused to the rate of some risk elements contamination in agricultural alluvial soils from specific area of the region Hont ? alluvium of the river Stiavni...

The influence of oil pollution on the set of indicators such as barley productivity, availability of macro- and microelements and also enzyme activity of the soils was profoundly investigated. The researched objects were the arable horizons of both leached chernozem and soddy podzolic soils, containing different amount of oil (2000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg). Besides, the ones without contamination were revealed. The higher is the dose of pollution, the higher is the average pH value. According to the studies conducted, o...

Plants are the main recipient of heavy metals found in soil, being at the same time a source of these metals for plants, animals and human organisms. The search for methods limiting the availability of heavy metals remains valid. Many years of research are being carried out at the Warsaw University of Technology, regarding limiting the availability of heavy metals to the trophic chain by introducing into the soil organic matter. The aim of the study was to analyse the content of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in radish...

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the soil pH, from ploughed soil layer from the Ialomita region, on the mobility of heavy metals (Cadmium, Copper, Manganese and Zinc), estimated by heavy metals extractable contents in DTPA-TEA-CaCl2. Because heavy metals exist in soil in different solid-phase forms that vary in terms of availability, total content of metals in soil are poor indicators of toxicity. In order to assess a risk of heavy metal pollution in soil should consider both mobile and availabi...

The positive effects of biochar on soil structure were demonstrated in many studies. Substantially less, even information on the interrelationships between Al, Fe forms and soil structure induced by biochar application as well as its re-application is still absent. Therefore the aims of this study were: (1.) to evaluate the changes in soil structure parameters affected by biochar application and its re-application in different rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1), (2.) to evaluate the effect of biochar application and re-a...

The most important conditions to place the polytunnels are the presence of heating and water sources as well as the distance to the market, in order to diminish the transport costs. In the polytunnels, it is necessary to control the air and the soil factors. In soil, the main factor is water content that ensures the water to the plants, but over a value can has a negative effect. The negative effects of moisture excess are found in all stages of growth and development of vegetable plants because it determines adve...

The paleosols of the kurgan of Early Iron Age (2500 BP, Savtomat culture, Solonchanka-2 kurgan cemetery) were studied. The kurgan was located in the steppe zone of the Transural Plateau, in the Kvarkensky district of the Orenburg region, in the vicinity of the fortified settlement of Alandskoe and Arkaim. The region is well known as ?Country of Cities? due to large amount of archaeological sites of different age. The paleosoil studies of archaeological sites are carried out for many years in the region, as a resul...

The quality of contamination of environment by heavy metals has become global task. Heavy metals could negatively affect production and the quality of agricultural crops and through food chain could endanger the population. In our work the area Malanta situated in the south-western part of Slovakia was monitored. From 20 sampling sites the soils samples were taken and the analyses of selected heavy metals in extract NH4NO3 c = 1 mol/dm3 and aqua regia were carried out. Analytical ending was flame AAS (AAS Varian A...

The function of the soil is decomposition of organic matter, circulation of nutrients, retain and release of water and regulation of biological processes in the soil. Compacted soil and lack of organic matter disturbs this system in the soil. Project approaches a possibility to support biological soil systems by means of biostimulation as well as the possibility to promote soil biological systems using biostimulation. The effect of soil biostimulants on soil properties was studied in the territory of the Czech Rep...

The study of soils in the vicinity of medieval settlement that has only one stage of anthropogenic impact at 5-8th centuries AD was established. For comparison, fertilized soils within the modern rural household were investigated. In order to study the microbiological properties of the soils in either case, series of soil pits were made at different distances from the settlement: in the area of regular manuring, in the area of episodic fertilization and in undisturbed areas. The determination of the number of ther...

In the paper we studied toxicity of petroleum on germination and seedling stage of plant using phytotoxicity tests. These tests measure the decrease or absence of germination and root elongation only after a few days of exposure to contaminated soils compared to unpolluted soil (control). The plant seeds used were rape (Brassica napus), white mustard (Sinapis alba), peas (Pisum sativum) and rye (Secale cereals). The soil used in the experiments was a reference OECD soil for these types of tests. The soil was pollu...

Cultivation of high-yielding crops (winter wheat, corn, oil seed rape etc.) represents the only opportunity for Czech farmers to achieve profitable economic results. On the other hand, the above crops have significant demands on nutrients intake from soil. The withdrawn nutrients must be returned which is mainly carried out by mineral fertilizes. Nevertheless, it is not sustainable way from the long-term point of view. The most convenient source of nutrients are fertilizers of organic origin (compost, manure etc.)...

Trace elements, including elements with a negative impact on the environment, are a natural part of the lithosphere. However, with increasing industrialization, there is an uneven spatial distribution and an extreme increase in the concentration of these elements in the environment. It affects their content in the soil-plant system content. The aim of the paper is to define the content of risk elements in the soil profile to determine the level and origin of the soil contamination. The soil sampling was conducted ...

The paper emphasizes the ecological restoration (renaturation) of the natural conditions of a saline soil, which was previously under long term melioration. The soil is a Salinic Pelic Alluvic Sodosol with relict gleization, covering an Alkali soil (according to SRTS-2012). The site is located in Moldova Tableland, where Tma is 584.6?C and Pma is 9.5 mm. The depth of the groundwater table is about 1.80 m, with frequent seasonal fluctuations and weak-moderate mineralization. The soil had a polyphasic evolution, bot...

In spite of mining is a prerequisite for the economic development of any country, considering their harmful impact on the Environment, open pit mining is the most dangerous for the ecosystem, especially when ecological issues are neglected. Because of the production, a large number of toxic elements are released, which actively accumulate in the soil. The quality of pollution and distribution of heavy metals in the Brown Forest, Raw Humus Calcareous, Mountain Chernozems, Cinnamonic, Grey Cinnamonic and Alluvial Ca...

The main objective of our studies undertaken is to determine the causes of the increased degradation of the soil from upper terraces of Moldova's river catchment. In the studied area from the western part of the Suceava Plateau (North-Eastern Romania) was built in 1978-1980 with a drainage network consisting of channels and underground drains. These works have been associated with leveling, deep loosening, mole drainage and liming. The studied settlement is located on the terrace platform with an average altitude ...

Rice is an important source of nutrition as well as food supplies for massive food industry, retail, home consumption, animal feedstock and other uses. The quality of the grown agricultural foods is fragile and dependent on many external and internal factors, e.g., influenced by environmental factors of which one of the most important is mineral nutrition via fertilizers, natural soil structure, texture and mineral contents, micro- and micrometeorological, hidrological factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate...

In the course of model experiments, the biological properties of ordinary chernozem at oil pollution of 5% and 10% of soil mass and subsequent introduction of biologically active substances such as urea and potassium humate were studied. The results of bioremediation of oil-contaminated chernozem on the 30th, 60th and 90th day have been assessed by its biological properties: the activity of the phosphatase, catalase and invertase, emission of carbon dioxide. The phosphatase and catalase activity have shown the mos...

Variations of biological properties (3, 30, 90 days) of chernozem under the impact of antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, tylosin) and pesticides (systemic fungicide input) in the concentration of 500 mg/kg of soil have been studied in simulation experiments. Addition of biocides varies the enumeration of microorganisms and enzymatic activity of soils. Correlation analysis revealed positive interrelation between enzymes of the two considered classes (dehydrogenase, invertase) with enumeration of micromycetes (r...

The most attractive tourist object of the West-Arctic region of Russia is Solovetsky Island. However, every year increasing the tourist flow has anthropogenic impact on unique Arctic areas. This article presents the features of the biogenic elements, oil products and heavy metals accumulation in the soils of the Solovetsky settlement (Bolshoy Solovetsky Island in the Solovetsky Islands archipelago) in order to determine the level of anthropogenic impact on these territories. The data of the physicochemical paramet...

Chernozem soil-type forms 11% of the agricultural land fund in the Czech Republic. It is located in the driest and warmest regions of the Czech Republic. It occurs up to an altitude of 300 m a. s. l. with an average annual temperature of 8 В°C and an annual precipitation of 450 - 650 mm. The very thick humus horizon was formed by the accumulation of humus under the steppe or forest-steppe vegetation. In the Czech Republic, such land is exclusively used for agricultural purposes. Therefore, its character of steppe ...

Soils can be defined as four dimensional natural bodies, where the lithosphere, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the biosphere are soil ? forming factors which operate in geological time. The soil profile reflects the climate change passed during soil ? forming process. The majority actual soils are the result of a polyphasic soil development, therefore they involve in their age the climate existing in the Tertiary, especially in the Quaternary, period. Climate change is expected to have several effects on soil...

The aim of the current research is to present an actual and overall picture of the arsenic (As) contamination of the soils in the Bulgarian part of the Danube floodplain between the Timok River and the Vit River including the following lowlands: Bregovo-Novoselska, Vidinska, Archaro-Orsoiska, Dolnotsibarska, Kozloduyska, Ostrovska and Chernopolska. One sampling campaign was carried in October 2017. The concentrations of As (mg/kg) were measured in <0.063 mm size fractions of 102 soil samples (56 samples from 0-20 ...

The paper presents the theoretical analysis concerning the realization conditions of the capping layer in Romania, in comparison with the stipulations of other technical norms, especially the French ones. The authors aim at emphasizing the technical solutions which can be applied in different situations to obtain a high bearing capacity at the bottom of the pavement, with beneficial effects on the reduction of the road layer thickness and a better operational behavior. The comparative analysis will show that sever...

The uncertainty of methods for determining the heavy metal compounds, as well as problems in the comparison of the methods used, require further studies in this field. The aim of research is to study the fractional composition of Cu and Zn compounds in soil under model contamination conditions using different fractional methods. Chernozem Haplic was artificially contaminated with Cu and Zn acetates at rate of 300 mg kg ?1. Distribution of Cu forms in soil at the use of sequential fractionation by the Miller method...

The estuarine region of the Don River is a unique area occupied by a complex natural-technogenic system of interacting natural, urbanized, and agrarian ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the level and degree of mobility of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil-plant system and to perform bioindication observations in the Don River estuarine region and the Russian sector of the Taganrog Bay coast. The soil cover is represented by following soils types: Fluvisols, Haplic Chernozem, Arenosol, Solonchak. The follo...

The soil is a major reservoir for carbon (C) in biosphere, containing globally twice as much C as the atmosphere and three times as much as vegetation. Soil CO2 efflux is highly sensitive to changes in surface temperature and relatively small changes in surface temperature may have a major influence on the magnitude of soil efflux. The potential increase in CO2 release from the soil caused by future elevated temperature may have a positive feedback effect on the atmospheric CO2 and global changes. For estimation o...

The distribution of manganese and zinc in virgin and arable chernozems located near technogenic objects of the mining enterprise was analyzed. Soil sampling was carried out from soil sections. The analysis of soil elemental composition was carried out by x-ray fluorescence method. Mathematical processing of the results included the use of standard software packages for statistical calculations. It was ascertained that Zn belongs to the elements of concentration and Mn ? to the elements of the dispersion. Exceeding...

A comparative study has been conducted on the ecological and biological parameters of the soil at the Rostov-on-Don Zoo. The objects of the research were the parts of the zoo with various conditions: the cages with different animals (hyenas, emus, cranes, peacocks and other birds, zebras, deer, camels and mountain sheep). Moreover, the influence of the recreational impact, caused by the visitors of the park, on the soil landscape has also been examined. The control part of the zoo for drawing the comparison was th...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of toxicity of river sediments near agricultural areas under cultivation. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of samples was carried out by contact test on earthworms of the genus Eisenia foetida. Neurotoxic potentiality of organophosphate pesticides present in the samples was assessed by measuring the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Sampling was from 9 watercourses in the north Moravian and the n...

Mountainous Dagestan (Eastern Caucasus, Russia) is one of the world centers of terraced arable farming. Long history of agricultural development of the region led to significant changes in the soil forming conditions and resulted to increase in the volumes of the soil layer. As an example of the effects of terraced farming on the soils ballance, we investigated a set of agricultural terraces near the Jaba village (41.423614, 47.776390) in the Dagestan Republic of Russian Federation (Eastern Caucasus). The terraced...

Soil response is an important parameter that affects plant health and its resulting quality. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. These include not only nutrients but also e.g. heavy metals. It is well known that soil fertilization using organic matter, preferably manure, positively affects soil reaction. Manure can be enriched with various substances in order to increase its efficiency. However, this may mitigate the positive effects of manure on the soil or it may have a negative impact on soil pro...

Soil degradation is a global problem which is steadily growing. The consequences of soil degradation are environmental, economic and social. This work deals with degradation of physical properties of soil. The aim of the paper is to determine the effect of soil compaction on its retention. For this purpose, 16 plots with soil type cambisols were selected. Physical properties of eight plots are assessed as undegraded and eight as degraded. We focused mainly on bulk density and porosity as indicators of over-compact...

The cadastre basically reflects the boundaries of the land plots of various owners. Changes in land legislation in recent years require the consideration and assessment of land by types of use and soil varieties. This is significantly different from the accounting and assessment of land by land categories and owners. As a result, there is a dynamics of cadastral division in the form of a public cadastral map and an increase in the number of cadastral units - land plots. On the other hand, real monitoring of land u...

For modelling the water fluxes through the vadose zone, it is necessary to know the soil hydraulic properties. Because many of the soil parameters cannot be measured directly in the field, inverse modeling methods are used to find the most appropriate solution. For a limited number of parameters, the minimization approach provided by Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) has become a usual technique in nonlinear least-squares fitting in soil and hydrological studies. Classical gradient-based methods find the solution in the ne...

Indices of soil respiration are widely used for evaluation of ecosystem productivity as well as for analysis of activity of soil microbiocenosis. Evolution of carbon dioxide can be an objective index of decomposition of soil organic matter and permits to characterize one of the most important aspects of biological cycle. This article analyzes dynamics of carbon dioxide evolution rate in ordinary chernozem upon contamination with antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, tylosin, tromexin, aliseryl) in the concentrati...

The properties of buried soils reflect the paleoclimatic and ecological conditions of past eras. The study of these properties in pedo-chrono-sequences, the duration of functioning of which does not exceed several hundred years, allows reconstructing climate changes with the greatest possible accuracy for the studied period. The paleosols buried under burial mounds (kurgans) and surface soils were studied on the territory of the southeastern margin of the Russian Plain, in the Southern Cis-Urals (Orenburg region)....

Forest fires have an impact on forest stands, atmosphere and soils in forested areas. Many authors have established that the thermal effect on the near-surface layer of soil can have a negative impact both on the soil itself and the further development of grass stands and forest stands. It is necessary to develop systems for geoinformation monitoring, taking into account the thermophysical processes in the soil layer at the level of mathematical models. It is necessary to conduct experiments to verify such models....