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Mozambique is one of the most vulnerable countries to natural catastrophes in the world with second highest annual per capita death rate from disasters, 328 deaths per million, ranking only below the P.D.R of Korea; Flood disasters are responsible for half the fatalities and a third of the economical losses from natural disasters worldwide (UNDP, 2004). The Limpopo basin, one of the nine international rivers shared by Mozambique is the second large within the country and it benefits about 5\% of the national popul...

For the purpose of defining location of points, coordinates that described according to a reference systems are using which parameters has defined already. In surveying, the base element is ground control points with their known coordinates in a reference system. In every kind of surveying project, new coordinates are determining by using coordinates of ground control points. Because of this, the projects realized by using points which have low spatial accuracy and ground control point’s location errors will be ...

The groundwater quality survey can be made by using monitoring and analysis tools that are able to manipulate time-series large datasets showing a spatial reference. Data correlation with the spatial distribution of the hydrogeological structures is compulsory. Within the urban environment the problem show a larger complexity because of the infrastructure interaction. Within the collaboration framework between several Spanish and Romanian institutions a management, analysis, and modeling hydrogeological platform f...

Balan perimeter is one of the most representative mining zones of the Eastern Carpathians, well known for its copper ores, represented mainly by massive and/or disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite concordantly interlayered with low grade Cambrian metamorphites of the Tulghes Group. The chemical study of these accumulations highlighted the presence of elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn) which, by geochemical characteristics and behaviour, can be included in the category of heavy metals and which, by build-up and/or m...

Reconstruction of climate change in Central Asia over the last millennium with an annual resolution was made using geochemical and biological proxy in lake bottom sediments and tree-ring data. We investigated the lake in Central Asia- Teletskoe (Altai), Kucherla (Altai), Baikal, Arahlei (Chita) - and adjacent areas. Cores of bottom sediments were investigated by method of scanning X-ray fluorescent analysis with synchrotron radiation with the spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. It corresponds to the time resolution 0.2-...

Hydrogeological features of the quaternary sediments lies in different assumption for the emergence of freatic accumulations of groundwater and the ability to power or, conversely, to some extent seal underlying aquifers. Effect of the opencast mining on activities of quaternary sediments is significant and consists primarily in a drainage effect. In places, where the overburden works crossed saturated parts of the quaternary cover, there is a sudden drainage of aquifers. This water vents are regularly cause unres...

The paper presents study of hydrologic drought in the period of low flows for the region of Toplica river in the central South of Serbia. Seven gauge stations from the Republic of Serbia Hydro-Meteorological Service (RHMZS) Surface Water Observation Network serve the studied region. These gauge stations represent river basins with the area range 180-2083 km2. Gauge stations are functional for 47 to 56 years. A review of available drought analysis is given, with focus on the studied region. Temporal and spatial var...

In connection with high basicity requirements for current agglomerates it is necessary to keep their iron content. This requirement can be met by increasing the content of concentrates in sinter mixtures. It is important to clarify the limit of the concentrate addition or volume in current sinter charges. For this purpose in view laboratory sintering tests were performed to investigate the effect of sintering ores and concentrates on the agglomeration process and its products. The main charge components were mixed...

As a growing trend in the world, internet-based research occupies our daily life of people. The usage of the internet of students has increased dramatically in recent years. Internet usage has become an important part of student life. As it is well-known, internet usage includes emailing, receiving information, searching a specific topic, gaming, watching pornographic pictures, shopping, downloading, communicating, and having new friends and so on. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between pe...

The mineralogical analysis is a highly effective method of prospecting diamond-hosting rocks. The main goal of investigating kimberlites rocks, the primary source of diamonds, is to examine the mineral composition of kimberlites. The microprobe analysis is currently the principal method to define the compositions of megacryst minerals from kimberlite rocks. In addition, determination of the groundmass mineral composition is important for evaluating the diamond potential of kimberlites. This paper presents results ...

An ultrasonic sound wave has been used in rock mechanics to determine rock properties for many years. Because it is a relatively simple, low-cost and non-destructive testing method compared to others. Water content, porosity, and cracks in the rocks structure are some of the most important parameters for P and S-wave speed. In Rocks, under uniaxial compression stress, the account of space inside the compressed rock is reduced while an ultrasonic sound waves speed is increased. However, after a certain level of com...

Tectonic hollow of Kosovo with characteristic geological construction, specific geological - historical development and the presence of a great number of lignite strata in new sediments, present a very interesting region, specific for multidimensional study. The considerable reserves of lignite in Kosovo basin, ascertain from geological exploration, present important recourse in one side whereas its exploitation for combustion in Kosovo power plants presents a great environmental problem on the other side. Kosovo ...

Waste deposing is the most important problems for a sustainable development of our societies. In this paper is shown some models, for determinate the exploitation with optimum fees of the waste deposing on the landfill. The model take in account local condition of warehousing, the existing of sorting technology, technical and managerial abilities in waste management, the support for an efficient strategy in regard to tariffs, billing and bills collections. The overall objective is to develop the necessary infrastr...

Landscape fragmentation, a process where biotopes are separated into different parts by a creation of a barrier, is a key issue of landscape ecology nowadays. Separated landscape patches gradually lose their potential to fulfil their original function. There is general effort to develop universal model or set of indicators for fragmentation measurement. In the CR we carried out research project “Integration of landscape fragmentation issue into the decision-making processes” leading by the Ministry of by the M...

The aim of the Bologna Process is to promote the European system of higher education worldwide, remove obstacles to student and academic mobility within Europe, and bring increased career opportunities for students and teachers in the European employment market. Since 2003 Russia has been involved in the Bologna process. Perhaps the task seems to be extremely ambitious. But we hope it will help us to change the situation with foreign languages acquisition for the better. A significant number of educational experim...

Lead (Pb) mobility in soils and hence its availability for plant uptake may be influenced by several soil properties, some of which are modified by sludge application. It is therefore imperative to understand how these modified properties affect Pb concentrations in different geochemical fractions of sludge-amended soils. Vertisols are common in arid- and semi-arid areas and are used extensively for agriculture. This study aimed at determining the relationship between selected soil properties (pH, organic matter (...

The public-private partnerships are a very common form, which is used to realize the various types of public projects in case the public sector does not have enough financial means or knowledge to realize such projects without the presence of private sector. The proper legislative background is required to apply these long-term contractual relationships between public and private partner. In Slovak Republic the situation is moving forward together with first extensive PPP projects, which were realized in Slovakia ...

The greatest reserves of hydrocarbons on the territory of the Siberian platform confine to the Vendian terrigenous collectors. The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the lithological factors, influenced the formation of these reservoirs. The void space of the sandstones was examined on the basis of the detailed petrographic and electron microscopic studies. The analysis of dependencies of the filtration-capacity properties and the structural and material characteristics carried out. Established that the sedimen...

GPS (Local Positioning System) technique is still the most applied positioning system in practical applications and engineering projects in our country and in the world. Since GPS measuring is commonly used in every kind of geodesic study, heights used in practice can be obtained easily in demanded accuracy from GPS. However it is necessary to determine geoid which had enough precision in working place. Because geoid is a natural relation between the ellipsoidal height (h) determined by satellite and orthometric h...

The tectonics of the Turkey is dominated by the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. In this collision, the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone is the most prominent tectonic structure. There exist metamorphics of the accretionary prism. Tectonic forces of the study area can be effective on thermal structure and mantle flow. Particularly in such areas, the magnetic anomaly is imposed by the thermal zone. For this purpose in this study, by investigating aeromagnetic anomaly of the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone, we ...

The main goal of a small scale stream sediments geochemical survey is to identify the promising areas for the further exploration in next steps of geochemical exploration. To achieve the target the thresholds value of each interested element within the geochemical sample must be specified at the first step. In this research it is attempted to use the raw geochemical data after pre-processing to delineate the anomalous area within the Khusf 1:50000 sheets which is located at 35 km west of Birjand at the south khora...

Research presented in this paper is a part of our ongoing work on GeoNis framework. GeoNis is framework for interoperability of GIS applications in local community environment. In this paper we introduce an approach for automatic generation of objectoriented model for handling ontology instances stored in relational databases. Central part of this approach is an algorithm that transforms application ontologies into appropriate object-oriented model. Using this approach we have developed a Data Access Layer Generat...

The native gold containing high silver, extracted from gold bulk of few kilograms, was comprehensively researched. The studied through the optical microscope gold samples seem homogeneous and their fineness varies from 200 to 500 ppm. The fineness deviates from the mean value about В±20-30 ppm, however zonation is not observed. When the gold samples were dissolved in nitric acid, only silver was released into solution and gold remained in the insoluble remainder as the spongy-porous skeleton, consisting of pure go...

Alternative toxicological tests (microbiotests) are those that reduce the number of animals in a toxicity test, refine procedures to make them less painful or stressful, replace animals with non-animal systems, or replace one animal species with another that is lower on the phylogenetic scale. A number of useful alternative methods have been developed and accepted for the evaluation of the potential toxic effects of chemicals products and environment samples. The literature analysis concerning the use of microbiot...

Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits from the area of Piatra Craiului are part of the Piatra Craiului Formation [5] and are made up of deep facies appearing at the surface, especially on the western side of the massif. On the eastern side, these facies appear sporadically, thinned due to tectonic effects. Also, they may be accompanied aby lowdepth carbonatic facies corresponding to the shelf. Lithologically, it is possible to highlight microconglomerates, quartzitic gritstones, silts, reef limestone, brown-reddish l...

The mineralogical and technological study of gold ores and dressing products demonstrate the persistence of both the ores and products of their dressing, especially Floatation concentrates. The gold loss in the tails of Floatation beneficiation are primarily associated with the smallest size fractions less than 20 microns, which make up to 70\% of the total lost gold in the Floatation tails. It is obvious that increasing the extraction of gold by Floatation is directly linked to the development of the technologica...

With contemporary development of computer techniques has been enabled execution of work by GPS satellite system in mining operations which GPS system serves for collection of data related with mining operations and explosive storage facilities. Today, these computers are part of standard equipments in the most part of mining operations. These systems offer a possibility of connection with tachograph, readers interested in the data of mining operations, measurement of coordinates by handheld GPS, transfer of data i...

The test network of geodetic base is located at the territory of the park Jelenovac in Zagreb. The test area is rather unstable and suspected of ground subsidence. The geodetic base has therefore been renewed and established for the purpose of monitoring and analysing vertical movements of the geodetic control network. The state of the existing geodetic control points has been recorded and damaged points have been renewed, and destroyed points stabilized anew. The stabilization of points has been made on concrete ...

Specific statistical methods can be used when monitor the degree of water pollution in a target zone. The purpose of usage of time series properties is to understand the driving forces and structures that produce the observed data and to fit the data into a model and proceeds them to forecasting, monitoring or even feed back and feed forward control. The essential difference between modelling data via time series methods and using the process monitoring methods is that in time series analysis the data points taken...

The Act on protection and conservation of cultural goods has been in force in the Republic of Croatia since 1999. It defines types of cultural goods and measures for their protection and conservation. The main authority for protection and conservation of cultural goods is the Ministry of Culture. This paper will describe geodetic works on saving a protected cultural monument. Results of the analysis of movement measurements over a longer time period will give insight into the real conditions and enable experts to ...

A new practice has started to be implemented in Kosovo, in this south-eastern region of Europe, and it is 24-hour monitoring of vehicles and facilities with strategy for the development of mines in Kosovo with the help of GPS system. These vehicles and static facilities (the explosive storage) have a sophisticated system, which enables a precise monitoring of movements in and around them. Global Positioning System (GPS) currently presents the greatest achievements and application in the communication technology. B...

Floods are river basin wide phenomena and they often create common problems with locally varying intensity. The flood disaster management is highly dependent on early information and needs forecasts and data from the river basin as a whole. The starting point for flood risk management planning is the assessment of flood risks, based on the information about the river basin and floods in the past. The next step is developing strategies for reaction when flooding events are prognosticated, and evaluation of these st...

The Lake Paliastomi is located in the extreme western part of Kolkhety Valley bordering the Black Sea coastal area.The paper deals with the analyses of the materials collected through the field and theoretical studies prove, that the natural landscapes of Paliastomi and its neighbouring wetlands were the subject of the strong impact of anthropogenic factors.

Form time to time real estate owners have problems from each other because of demanding access right from neighbouring real estate which has no bordering to cadastre or reconstruction road. Neighbouring real estate owner doesn’t want to allow the others who want to go their fields, lands or gardens with their vehicles and equipments. According to the Turkish Civil Code Article 747, landlord who doesn’t have enough way from his land to the general road may pay in consideration of demanding an access right from ...

In process of pig iron production besides main product, pig iron, also secondary products are formed, that have character of secondary raw materials and industrial wastes. The most abundant secondary product originating in the process of pig iron production, is blast furnace slag, its occurrence is about 300 to 500 kg for one ton of pig iron. Blast furnace slag originates from melting of gangue parts of metal bearing materials, slag forming additions and coke ash. Its chemical, mineralogical and physical – chemi...

The demands of the Romanian contemporary society are indissolubly related to the rapid development and modernization of the infrastructure. At the same time, the scientific research is moving towards the new directions imposed by an increasingly dynamic society and economy. In this context, inter- and trans-disciplinarity are required by the need to prepare new types of approaches, methods, techniques and technologies, to be able to answer the social and environmental impact produced and molded by the infrastructu...

In this study, a singularly perturbed convection-dominated diffusion equation is solved by using a non-polynomial spline method. An example is solved to assess the accuracy of the method. The numerical results are obtained for different perturbed values ($\epsilon$ ) of equation. The results indicate that non-polynomial spline method is effectively implemented. It is seen that results are compatible with exact solutions and consistent with other existing numerical methods.

In this paper, we have discussed a third-degree non-polynomial spline solution for the numerical solution to nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs) and compare other metods. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency and performance of the method. The method gives accurate results in both the linear and nonlinear cases.

Most crude oils include paraffin that crystallize in low temperature to create cluster, precipitated in the form of sediments and making the free flow of oil more difficult. Such situations take place mainly in the autumn-winter season. Created sediments settle on the surfaces of mining equipment, pipes and reservoirs. This situation cause exploitation difficulties connected with increased flow resistance and in consequence decrease or lack of oil flow in pipelines. In order to protect of pipes and machinery again...

Numerical models which are used for determining deformation are created as a simplified form of physical reality and they are usually defined as force or timedependent. The deformation is investigated by static, kinematic and dynamic models. From these models, dynamic deformation model describes the relationship between the forces and the changes of forces depending on time and the external factors which cause deformation. The deformation in an area is determined by evaluating together the theoretical dynamic mode...

Various heavy metals contained in fuel are released to environment at fossil fuels use. Mercury has come to front of public interest recently. The North West Bohemia region is an area with high potential concentration of Hg emission sources (open pit brown coal mines) and large combustion facilities (power and heat stations) combusting fossil fuels. Mercury is taken for one of the most environment loading matters because its stability and bioaccumulation potential of itself and its compounds. More detailed regulat...

Major environmental problem worldwide, air pollution gains our particular attention, especially in the case of industrial emission. Among such concerns, SO2 generated by combustion flue gas requires profound analysis, mostly because it is known to cause acid rains. In time, many mathematical models gave both quantification and prediction of pollution level. This work aims to compare several SO2 dispersion equations (i.e. Sutton equation, Bosanquet-Pearson equation and diffusion equation, derived from the plume dis...

The great reserves and also convenient conditions for the use of coal represent very strong arguments for the justification of private capital investment in the energy sector of the Republic of Kosovo. The trend of living standard increase, development of industry and market demands within the South-East Europe pose the need for the construction of new power generation capacities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the introduction of possibilities for the coal supply of generation capacities up to 2000 MW in...

Chlorine disinfection is a generally used process for eradication pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water to prevent water-born diseases. It has been demonstrated that natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water may react with chlorine to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are carcinogenic or mutagenic. The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has been an issue of major concem during the last years due to their adverse health effects. The development and optimization of analy...

Recent trends in the ornamental industry have increased the use of granite for various decorative applications owing to its outstanding mechanical properties and multicolor. Machining of granites with conventional systems is costly. Therefore, new technologies are being developed for cutting and processing applications of granites. Abrasive waterjet cutting (AWJ) is one of the non-traditional machining processes that have been used extensively in various industrial applications. It enables to cut materials being h...

The aim of this work is the optimization of sinter-crystallization regime of a glassceramic from a municipal solid waste incineratior (MSWI) bottom ash. The parent waste was melted at 1400oC, milled below 75 $\mu$m and the obtained glass powders were pressed at 100 MPa. The optimal temperature for sinter-crystallization was estimated by DTA, dilatometry and XRD. Subsequently, the degrees of sintering, obtained at different heating rates (between 2 and 40oC/min) and 1 h step at 950oC were estimated by the linear sh...

This paper presents an algorithm for construction of a patch from a set of points in 3D space. Usualy, such set of points is a subset of surface points obtained from, for example, a 3D model or a terrain. To construct the patch, the points should be connected into a triangular mesh. Because the patch can have various characteristics the connection of input points in the resulting triangular mesh is rather difficult. The algorithm starts with construction of a 3D convex hull from given set of points. The 3D convex ...

A man-made structure or natural phenomena like crustal movement, vertical land movements, subsidence determination, etc. is subject to deformations due to forces on them. Deformations of a structure require rigorous analysis to reflect significant movements. In general, deformation analysis relies on the reference network that is set outside the deforming area so that a comparison could be possible. However, a geodetic reference network is itself subject to movement. Therefore, the stability of the reference netwo...

Organic matter of lignites from five Tertiary deposits in the Czech Republic was studied and the general goal was to characterize a series of different coal lithotypes in relation to depositional environment from the viewpoint of organic petrology and geochemistry. Coal samples were chosen to cover various lithotypes: xylite rich coals, matrix coals, liptobioliths, and sapropelic coals. The samples differ in ash, sulphur, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and volatile matter contents, and calorific values. Xylite rich and ...

Phosphorus (P) waste output, notably in the dissolved form (DWP), is a major concern for many fish culture operations. Fish are believed to excrete DWP via the urine but this aspect has never been examined in detail. A better understanding of P utilization and renal P handling of fish could aid development of nutritional strategies for the management and reduction P waste. Rainbow trout were fed high corn gluten meal diets, supplemented with dibasic calcium phosphate, containing increasing P levels (0, 75; 1, 15; ...