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The paper presents the survey results of the normal geomagnetic field in the Republic of Macedonia. Net of 15 repeat stations was created for defining the elements of the normal geomagnetic field, according to the area of the Republic of Macedonia. Selection of every repeat station was made by the standards of INTERMAGNET. Intensity of the total field vector, declination and inclination are observed during the surveying of the geomagnetic field. Maps of the geomagnetic field elements were developed using the metho...

The crack propagation mechanism of rocks under tensile and compressive loading conditions has been investigated. A higher order indirect boundary element method using special crack tip elements has been used to solve the various example problems in rock fracture mechanics. It is concluded that the brittle rocks fail due to the mixed mode fracture propagation under both tensile and compressive loading conditions. The micro- cracks are initiated due to tens ile or tensile and shear under tensile loadings and due to ...

Analysis of the horizontal strains of the ground subsidence due to underground excavation in rock can be accomplished by a hybridized higher order indirect boundary element/ finite difference (BE/FD) formulation. The higher order displacement discontinuity field is obtai ned by using the quadratic displacement discontinuity elements (i.e each higher order element is divided into three sub-elements bearing a quadratic variation of displ acement discontinuities). Then th e classic finite difference formulation (i.e....

Recognizing the desirability of reaching out to new students and enga ging in innovative pedagogical approaches, academic staff continues to prefer traditional lectures, skeptical about the potential for student learning in online settings. There are also fears of loss of academic control to central administration. There are drivers and barriers which increase or decrease motivation to engage in e-learning, and provides some insights into the challenges of embedding e-learning in higher education. The most importa...

Dyeing of polyester fabric is carryng out in slightly acidic me dium; the dyebath pH value is adjusted to 4.5 – 5.5, which resu lts in the huge amount of acidic industrial wastewater. In this paper, dyeing of polyest er knitwear with four disperse dyes in the pH range 4.5 – 7, in order to reduce the amount of acid used in the dyeing process, was investigated. Colour differences between the samples dyed at pH 6.0 and 7.0 and one dyed at pH 4.5 were asseessed using the technique of reflectiometry and expressed i...

Building industry has an essential share in depletion of environment and, after food production, belongs to the largest consumer of raw materials. Exploitation, production or transportation of building materials, as well as build-up, operation or demolition of buildings requires massive amounts of energy and results in huge amounts of greenhouse or acidifying gasses emission, par ticipates in depletion of ozone layer, eutrophication processes or photochemical ozone creation. Selection of building materials, as pri...

The frequency of development contemporary technologies is strongly connected to the creation of new composite materials with multi-functional application. They should be characterised with all necessary complex properties for functioning in extreme conditions. The radiation materials science has one of the important segments among the huge spectrum in materials science. Ther e is much interest in above mentioned materials in nuclear technologies. In particul ar, there are increased requirements in key- segments in...

Some 100 core samples of coal and coaly units from the Pliocene succession (Hotam Д±Еџ Formation) were collected from well KK-147, in the southern part of Central Turkey (KarapД±nar-Konya). 30 samples were screened for total organic carbon (TOC) content. Selected samples were then analyzed by Rock -Eval Pyrolysis. Visual kerogen analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements were also undertaken. Detailed data from thick Pliocene sediments made it possible to construct an organic facies framework using different ...

This paper discusses the practical implementation of terrestrial laser scanning for ovalisation measurements of newly built concrete railway tunnels. Also an accuracy assessment is performed and then an overview of the measured deviations is given. This research is based on the ovalisation m onitoring of concrete railway tunnels for the first projects of this kind in Belgium. Thes e tunnels are measured with laser scanning during the first three months after construc tion. For all measurements, the concrete surfac...

Wind erosion of soil from exposed areas in mining sites is one of the sources for dust generation. Particle size distribution a nd mineralogical composition of source soil, erodible fraction of surface soil, moisture, as well as organic matter content are important factors that determine the property of particulate generation process. In this research four soil samples were taken using shovel at different depth from the edge of the pit and the surface area nearby the pit in Malmberget mine in Sweden. Soil samples ...

In the paper it is demonstrated that due to mineral resources specificity many mining industries do not strictly comply with clas sical liberal economic model and are faced with the necessity to combine mechanisms of both market and planned economic models. Besides, it is shown that various co mbinations of two leading economic models are present in countries throughout the World. With the help of a generalized structural model, both similarities a nd diversities are specified, which exist between mineral resource...

The studied area is situated about 70 Km in west of Damghan, and from the structural point of view, the area is part of south of central Alborz zone. Granitoid bodies intruded into late Eocene volcanic and volcanoclastic, mainly composed of monzonite and granite composition. Mineralogically, these rocks contain qua rtz, plagioclase, alkali- feldspare, amphibole, clinopyr oxene, biotite, zircon, apatite, and opaque minerals. Textures of rocks are microgranular and fi eld and textural evidences show that the plutone...

Detailed petrographic studies, whole rock geochemistry and in situ U-Pb geochronology of syenite from Iwo area of the southwestern Nigeria has been performed. The results indicate that the syenite is metaaluminous belonging to the calc-alkaline magmatic series whose parental melt was derived fr om melting of the upper mantle/lower crustal source. Precise U-Pb dating of zircons is done by LA-ICP-MS and age of 625 В± 6.1 Ma is obtained. The field and petrological i nvestigations show that the syenite was emplaced sy...

Lignite is one of the minerals which have impacted largely the development and technological revolution of human society. Du ring the coal use, there are mineralogical remains in the form of ashes, which have different physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties, which largel y depend on the type of coal used, and technology in its combustion. This type of ashe s is presented in thermal power plants in the form of dust or fly ash and inorganic remains, which are separated from the process by dif...

In this paper, we want to check the quality of the drinking water in Kochani (in 2008). Our goal is to determine its chemical su itability. During one year (2008), we have analyzed 48 samples of crude water taken from springs, 44 samples of water taken right before its entering into the factory, 29 samp les of water taken right after its exiting of the factory and 262 samples taken from the water supply network in 5 randomly chosen places.

Leakages from underground storage tanks and accidental spills have led to contamination of soils and groundwater with organic solvents. Bio-monitoring (phyto- monitoring) uses plant tissue concentrations of organic pollutants in deep-rooted species of trees for low-cost assessment of the groundwater concentrations. Disadvantages of this approach include the limite d number of said tree species in the contaminated area, and the limited number of core samples that can be taken from a single tree before it dies. A so...

Considering polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons significant indicators of anthropogenic pollution of the environment, a pilot study obs erves the content of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments of water-bearing subsidence troughs in the Karvina Region. The relevance of PAHs as a pollution load indicator is also supported by the results of monitoring PAH contents in the air of the Karvina Region, namely because PAHs are characteristic organic pollutants in the overall Ostrava- Karvina indu...

In last decades, many localities in the Czech Republic were encountered by intensive flooding, as well as their frequency increased considerably. With these natural disasters are directly linked the increasing number of lo ss events that affect the pricing methods of real estate and, ultimatel y, affect the prices of prop erty. Valuation of property in flood areas has its own specifics, among which ranks the register of high-risk localities in the Czech Republic and the completion of the Flood Maps, which specify ...

Tourism is the e-specific industry in view of how to use ICT. Tourism enterprises used ICT to communicate buying and selling serv ices and products in this sector. Popularization of the social networks create s from them a modern tool for marketing purposes. Contribution analyses and offers an overview of tools and platforms to promote the appropriate destination. Describes the life cycle of the experimental site intended to promote the destination Pieniny created within the social network facebook.

Eroded soils improvement issues are a prior ity, but it is better to solve such problems using easily recoverable natural compounds as the residual marine biomass. This possibility is insufficiently studied but can solve multiple envir onment problems. The study of marine organisms’ communities that are broth to the Romanian Black Sea shore by the waves, is aimed at qualitative an d quantitative analysis of macroalgal and invertebrate communities, seasonal dynamics of these communities, analysis of macrobiologic...

Magnetotelluric (MT) and Manetometry data physically provide the signatures of the apparent resistivities for various geological formations or simply various rocks and materials. In this study th e interpretation guide us to useful information about Damavand volcano’s geological characterizations. Recognition of the fault paths, zones and the trend of them in the region also would lead us to a 3D image of the location of the magma chamber which in turn would be the direct result of the current project. The resul...

The objectives of this study were to present and compare methods for change detection of forest areas in low-resolution satellite imagery, using object based image analysis and standard image analysis techniques (pixel ba sed). Considering that huge area in Serbia is covered with forest, this study is of great importance for detecting and tracking changes over time. The data used in this st udy were optical remote sensing satellite images Landsat TM (22-08-1986) and Landsat ETM+ (23-06-2002). These images were pro...

Coal is one of the main energy sources in condition of Slovak republic. During process of gasification there is rising coal gas that presents natural part of every coal bush. Methane presents its significant element. One of the technologies for ga s obtaining in situ is also underground coal gasification – UCG. Technologies for gas obtaining from the coal layer are considered as “clean coal technologies.” Despite of their using there can be contamination of every element of the living environment. By not per...

The article deals with the development of sanitation processing model as well as the necessity of model simulation in a soluti on of prevention and remediation of unusual flood events. There are the possibilities for an involvement of water flow owners, community land trusts and i ndividual towns and municipalities in the sanitation process and prevention of unusual flood events. This pa ys main attention to the effective human resource management for organization of sanitation and working teams. It shows on a dem...

The advantage of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) over other terrestrial technologies is that it is not affected by uncertainties in the ground layers of the atmosphere. At present, manufacturers characterize the accuracy of vectors measured by the static method of GNSS technology using values 5 mm + 1 mm. But also exist different methods of choice the cofactors of measured quantities by GNSS. The paper presents experimental measurement of the 3D geodetic network using the technology of the GNSS, process...

It is shown by experience that direct double integration of strong motion data with the aim of generating earthquake displacement records usually leads to unrealistic values of residual displacements even for earthquake s with moderate magnitudes or at far epicentral distances. The appearance of veloc ity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of acceleration are responsible for these drifts. Therefore, in order to calculate real displacements, baseline correction seems consequential. Thi...

The theme that will be considered in this paper derives from the cultural debates in many areas of the South Italy because it is necessary and urgent to establish new protected areas. The context of the analysis is expanded compared to the issues of the parks’ planning, structured on a prelimin ary economic analysis about the nature’s protection that without the financial support and activism of the involved people risk to transform parks into natural containers not in line with the current standards and with ...

Recovery of gold and other valuable metals from electronic scrap involves a complex metallurgical flow sheet and requires state- of-the-art recovery technologies that are available in large-scal e, integrated smelter-refinery opera tions. At the end of their use, electronic and other el ectrical product scrap offer an important recycling potential for the secondary supply of gold and silver into the market. With gold concentrations reaching 200-250 g/t for computer circuit boards, this scrap is an ‘urban mine’...

The enhanced oxidation of su lphide minerals by mini ng activities is a worldwide problem of significant environmental interest because of leading to the generation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). These waters e xhibit very different chemical and physical properties depending on their origin and the geochemical nature of the site of exploitation. Low pH, high concentration of sulphates and various heavy metals cause their deleterious effect on the environmen t. Treatment methods to address AMD are focused on neutrali...

Recycling is the method used to reduce the environmental impact of large volumes of materials, the sparing use of resources is another relevant factor here. The waste materials which occur in the foundry and st eel industry alongside the target products most be used elsewhere or returned to the foundry and steelmaking processes. The result will be that the need to dispose of material s will be greatly reduced , so alleviating the demand for landfill capacity. In addition, raw material depo sits will be conserved a...

The goal of a recycled paper or board manufacturer is to make a product that meets customersО„ specification and requirements. At the present utilization rate, using recycled fibres in commodity grades such as newsprint and packaging paper and board has not caused noticeable deterioration in product quality and performance. The expected increase in recovery rates of used pa per products will require a considerable consumption increase of recycled fibres in higher quality grades such as office paper and magazine pa...

The paper presents the main factories which determine the environment pollution at hot dip galvanization process of steel sheet and developing of recycling technologies of zinc by-product, with a view to recovering metal zinc or different sub- products, and returning them in the production cycle. By th e recycling of zinc by- products the prime material consumption is reduced and enviro nmental protection is improved. Industrial wastes generated in the hot dip galvanization pr ocess of steel sheet are: zinc ash, d...

In this paper we describe the analysis of costs associated with disposal of hazardous and common waste, in the construction company. Furthermore, we show how to implement Six Sigma methodology to reduce costs of waste disposal. On the specific example from practice there is shown the effectiveness of this approach in the management of waste in the practical conditions of a construction company.

A similar succession of Foliation Inflection/In tersection Axis trends preserved within porphyroblasts (FIAs) is present in two areas separated by 200 km along the Rocky Mountains. PreCambrian rock s in Central Colorado and Northern New Mexico were affected by deformation and metamorphism from approximately 1506 to 1370 Ma. A succession of five FIAs trending W-E, SSW-NNE, NNW-SSE, NW-SE and WSW-ENE has been distinguished in Central Colora do that have been dated at 1506В±15 Ma, 1467В±23 Ma, 1425В±18 Ma, not dated ...

In conductive heat transfer mechanism daily (diurnal) temperature variations almost damp in a layer as deep as 1 m, and annual variation do it as deep as 18-21 m. In case of coincidence of periodic heating with flui d mass transfer (downward percolation of surface water from rivers), thickness of the layer with periodic temperature fluctuations increases significantly. This discovery with author`s priority registered August,19, 1964, was made by N.M. Frolov. We consider the research on temperature waves created in...

The aim of this paper consists in highlighting the feasible technical solution in a real situation, namely to achieve the consolid ation of the road accessing the monitoring block from Obrejii-of-CДѓpГўlna dam. As a consequence of the landslides occurred on the left flank, between the intersection with national road DN 67C and Podu Vacii point, at about 50 - 60 m downstream the dam, it was proposed the narrowing of the access road platform, to the surveillan ce and control block of the dam, on 20 - 30 m length. Ac...

Self-ignition processes are a serious probl em in brown coal mining and depositing. Infusions and following fires are frequent events in open pit brown coal mines with seams influenced with previous underg round mining, homogenisation and other deposits, and on stock-piles of power and heat stations and industrial plants combusting coals as well. The objectives of the project from the ALFA programme No. TA01020351 are presented in this article. The project solves a research, development, and verification of a comp...

This paper represents results of measuring of sedimentary dust at two locations. One location is at SM where installed is old fa shioned technology for limestone processing. The other location is „Kota“ near Vareš, where installed is contemporary technology for limestone and spilite processing with application of BAT (the best available technique), and is a property of company „BBM Vareš“ d.o.o. from Vareš. Measurements confirmed that during limestone processing wh ere old fashioned technology is instal...

The article deals with brownfields which orig inated as a secondary result of different character of restructuring land used in the past in any EU country and time often accompanied by extreme burden on the individual components of the environment. Removal of the resulting environmental burden would contribute not only to improvement of the environment but also to further socio-economic development of the region in which the brownfield is located including primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of business enviro...

The open pit Veliki Krivelj is a copper mine which operates within RTB Bor Group in Serbia. In 1998 a combined haulage system involving the initial dump truck haulage, crusher, belt conveyor and a boom spreader for waste disposal was designed and installed in order to reduce the costs on overburden removal. The designed productivity of the system is 4 700 t/h and it will be fully operational in the next few weeks. Up to date it has been capable of achieving maximal 50% of this productivity because only one of two ...

This paper gives some information about risk management and its significance for financing project in mining industry. The projects in mini ng industry are very exacting for financial sources. By the obtaining of financial sources must be accepted kinds of financing. In the concrete mining company we were determining, which kind of financing is possible to use to finance mini ng projects with acceptance of risk. With the selection of the form of financing are conn ecting risks, that we are analyzing and we were pr...

The paper objective is to assess the social responsibility issues among the SMEs in Romania. We seek to find the main charac teristics of responsible citizenship among the SME sector and its internal and external drivers.

The contribution deals by the suggestion of new manufacturing technology for hand- made screw blade for wind-power plant. A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electricity for distribution. Wind turbine blades are most often fabricated by hand using multiple layers of fi breglass cloth. The traditional method is for the sheets to be cut to shap e, laid down in a mould by hand, sprayed or rolled with resins, and finally cured. The automation of the manufacturing of hand-made pro...

The Maastrichtian aged Dikmendede Formation in the Orhaniye (Kazan-Ankara) area formed in a deep-marine environment. The formation consists of alternating green, grey-coloured turbiditic conglomerate, sands tone, shale, claystone and marl. The unit has typical flysch features and has sediment ary structures such as thin/thick bedding, normal graded bedding, erosional surfaces, flut e casts, load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, bounce marks, slump structur es and numerous biogenic traces. The conglomerates ...

The most recent glacial period span in the interval 110,000 to 10,000 years ago. Recent geomorphologic studies in the Eastern Thracian plane have shown significant change in the sedimentation rates since the Younger Driass (between 10,800 and 9500 BC), which may provide a new inside on the climatic evol ution of the region. It was found that all local rivers are in an aggradation phase, depositing up to 3 m thick mudstone deposits on top of a colder climate’s well-washed, coarse sandstones. The aggradation resul...

In this paper the results of sedimentological analysis of coal in 2010 at the lokality Petka (western coal basin Kostolac). Are presented variations of petrographic composition of coal matter (lithotypes, microlithotypes and macerals), mineral admixtures (clay, aleurite and marl) and locally occurring epigenetic mineralizations. The Kostolac Neogene Basin (Figure 1), cont aining three tick lignite beds of Pontian age[1] is one of important energetic resources of Serbia and is the bases for operating two lignite-fi...

The importance of understanding seismic waves and measurement waves has gravitated form the seismic prediction to training electromagnetic propagation. Seismic electromagnetic waves may be useful in shor t-term earthquake prediction. It was found our observation system is influenced by lightni ng as far away as about hundreds km in the VLF and LF range. It is found that the increase in the number of LF and VLF electromagnetic pulses before earthquakes were generated by lightning. Some researches show that there is...

The aim of the paper is to in form on the need to apply geological information in land use planning and other state administration spheres, such as building office services. The study was carried out with in the locality specified by a map sheet 15 44 07 in 1:10 000 scale, in the cadastral district of Petr vald, Orlova, Horni Such a in the north-east of the Czech Republic close to the Polish border. The subject of the study is an evaluation of geobarriers of rock workability, inundatio n area and radon index. A si...

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry that is vital to supplying the increasing demand for food production worldwide. In recent decades, Aristichtys nobilis (Bighead carp) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) have been widely introduced into European waters for algal control and as a food source. This species are very sensitive to various environmental and physical stresses and thus more susceptible to bacterial invasions resulting in disease outbreak and mortality. The ma jority of bacterial fish pat...