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Kosova is rich with the na tural resources. These resources have been used for the gain of different metals. The process of metal gain is dated since 1927. Since then until in 2000 the technological gain process is followed with the pollution of environment creating the deposition of scrap. These depositio ns are located in outskirts of Mitrovica town in a distance of 1-4 km. In this zone we have a high presence of heavy metals in the air, water and earth. This waste of metals have a serious influence in the envir...

Authors present some factors influencing the values of sandy soils shear strength parameters, obtained by direct shear test (DST) in another paper for the conference. In mentioned paper, the influences of density, shear area changing and number of specimens on the test result of clayey sand (SC) and sand with some fines (S-F) are analysed. In this paper, authors present how various values of soils shear strength parameters obtained by DST will influence the size of spread foundation placed in those soils. In the p...

All Kosovo mines have undergone the different declines and degradations in transition period. Some of the underground mines have also undergone the flooding under water as a result first of the war in Kosova, because of the damage of dewatering system, the lack of investments and disorganisation of mine’s management, undefinition of the ownership status of mines, the interference of peoples interest, the ownership status, the resource of no one without any care at all, th e transfer from the monist system to the...

The new lab facility at the Ge ological Institute of the Bu lgarian Academy of Sciences was set up in the end of 2009. The main equipment consist a state of the art PerkinElmer ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS and New Wave Research UP-193FX excimer laser ablation system. Combined together, it is a precise instrument for geochemical research and geochronology. One of the leading research topics is quantitative determination of trace and ultra trace elements in rocks together w ith their age dating clar ification. We report our fi...

The submitted paper describes th e issues of interdeposit sa nd collector in the central part of the Most Basin in the area of J. Sverma and Vrsany open pit mines. Interdeposit sands are hydrogeologically significant collector and both mines come into contact with this collector during the coal mining. Collector of interdeposit sands is deposited between the upper bench and the main bench of coal seam. Sands create large and powerful complex of irregular layers. There are frequent changes of thickness and permeabi...

Dinarido-Albanido-Hellenic folded alpine belt is interpreted as a result of Mesozoic - Cenozoic convergence and continental collision of a series of micro-blocks localized between the Eurasian and African plates. The ophiolites of the Balkan Peninsula are particularly formed in the ocean basins wh ich were divided by micro-continents during the Mesozoic period and they are products of the Mesozoic - Cenozoic obduction. The Vardar Ophiolites from the region of Gjilan are covered by a chaotic sequence, well stratifi...

The main aim of the work is theoretical and experimental research of nanocomposite systems formation process on the model of chromium electrolytic coatings, ascertainment of laws and mechanis ms of silicon dioxide nano-sized particles influence on the structure and properties of metal. We researched the process of electrolytic formation of chrome - silicon dioxide nanocomposite systems and nanostructured composite electrolytic coatings with silicon dioxide (3-50 nm) used as a dispersed phase. Methods of the resear...

The objective of mine closure is to prev ent or minimize long-term environmental damage, and to create a self-sustaining natural ecosystem or other land use based on an agreed set of objectives. The Romanian mine closure legislation s hould be enforced in the coming years for taking best follow up actions and management of post mining closure. The mine closure is a process which should begi ns during the pre-feasibility phase of a project and continues through operations to lease relinquishment. The closure of min...

Crude oil composition is very complex and can vary even within in every reservoir. Petroleum crude oil content varies according to light, the ratio of hydrocarbon classes, the content of compounds with oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur and the presence or absence of components.Such oils have been classified according to the amount of paraffin, the percentage of sulfur in the fuel freezing point. This material is inte nded to present the existing classifications andproperties near the Romanian Petroleum and ordering a ne...

The rural landscape is made up of agricultural landscape, completed by the land without an agricultural destination. It comprises three elements: the central area, the habitat made up of buildings related to the agri cultural exploitations, dwellings, artisan’s locations, deposits; rural lands that include both the uncultiv ated areas and the areas meant for different uses (agriculture, fore stry, pisciculture, t ourist and recreational purposes); the physical infrastructure (ways of communication). In this stud...

The main difficulty in choosing a preferential location of a number of possible sites is the fact that the environm ental impact generated by eac h site can not be easily quantified. When choosing such a location it mu st also be taken into consideration to minimize risks to public health, minimize environmental impact, maximize service levels to users, and minimize the usage co sts. In the “Timisoara” case, placing a Landfill Site was a thorny issue that was resolved quite difficultly.

In this study, the geotechnical properties of the 2nd Organized Industrial Region clays were investigated and the settlement analysis was made with Plaxis software. First of all, the geotechnical properties of the disturbed and undisturbed specimens taken from the 2nd Organized Industrial Region and its surroundings were determined with laboratory and field (SPT) tests accordi ng to criterion defined in TS 1900. For this purpose, there were drilled 18 bore wells with 40 m depth. The para meters that would be used ...

Contribution notifies of the variant solutions of the recovery of consequences of chemical uranium mining in the Czech Republic in the Straz pod Ralskem region. Remediation is realized by a state company DIAMO. In the chemical extraction period over four million tons of sulf uric acid and other chemical s were injected into the ground, whereas approximately 370 million cubic meters of groundwater were contaminated. Currently, the contaminated water is pumped from the underground to the surface and it leads to liqu...

S 7 300 is the most widely used series in PLC Industry. Using this PLC, the control of 1024 input /output may be done. In addition to this, using PLC system design is also possible. By peak output programming, comp lex factory projects and management can be fulfilled. Using PID control system whic h is one of the PLC controlling systems will be used to control AC motor speed. At the same time, the motor reactions will be tested by panel programming by changing PID values on computer screen. The purposes of the aut...

Efficient protection and construction of engine ering and other struct ures in seismically active areas is a series of contradictions, where an optimum solution must be found, which does not comprise a compromise at the expense of safety and security of the people, and which minimizes damage of property. Along with the increase of the needs for energy, the need for open pit mining production increases, which is related to the mass blasting with incr easing quantities of explosive, and nearing to the population cen...

Every cyclic geological phenomenon may sugge st a structural image of the geological time. The dynamic cycles with very long periods can characterize the whole geological time, but especially the Precambrian. The cy cles with periods between 4 and 26 Ma are useful for the temporal individualization of th e Phanerozoic and the cycles with a short periods are very representative for Cenozoic. But the Earth’s geological history also provides a good perspective over the cosmic time through a super-mega-cycle (~2.56 ...

The article deals with the utilization of electronic documentation and video presentation at the teaching on universities. The utilizatio n of the electronic study materials in PDF format with virtual interactive models enables to students not only better visualisation of the task which is being, but it enables to understand the problems and to obtain the geometrical data without their text or di mensional descriptions, too. Creation and utilization of DVD guides is the next step of the improvement of educ ational...

From working in the field, sheep herding, washing laundry in the river's whirlpool, ritual singing in the young forest, traditional dancing of the village , all the way to the office job, dry cleaning, disco, hip-hop and neighbor-hood slang, took only a few centuries time. The peasants’ time was well di vided: preparing weather calendars in the winter, working the fields or taking the sheep flock up the mountain in the spring, gathering the harvest and celebrating in the fall. No missed occasion for him, who tak...

This paper evaluates the usage of the Geographic Markup Language (GML) in Turkey and essential subjects of the interoperabi lity concept in Turk ey for the future. Geography Markup Language-GML was developed by Open GIS Consortium-OGC. OGC presented GML based upon the technology of Extensible Markup Language-XML developed by World Wide Web Consortium-W3C. It was planned to constitute a layer for land registry and cad astral data at studies of INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Info rmation in Europe) that adopted...

The present study has been carried out with the use of Remote Sensing techniques in combination with Geographical Information Systems/GIS for monitoring and protection of the environment, in the surroundings of mining areas, as well as for developing new techniques for searching for new Mn-ore deposits, in Drama area, Northern Greece. Various digital processing techniques were applied on LANDSAT-TM imagery. These techniques included differe nt methodologies, such as the “Principal Component Analysis” (PCA), вЂ...

The power plants produces hundreds tones of fly ashes yearly. From this amount is really used in the reason only 10 % with out the any treatment in the industrial production. The rest of this ashes are de posited on dumps and settling pits, that have many negative influence on the environment. Following the previous results from the extensive treatment research was proposed the waste less technology of the complex treatment and utilization of black coal fly ash. The final products of this technology are the produc...

In this study, geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics of 2nd Organized Industrial Region existing inside the boundaries of Konya Selçuklu Municipality were investigated with comprehensive field and laboratory tests. Th e investigation area formed with soft clay soils with gypsum consists of central-lake sediments. The strength and the compressibility characteristics of th e soil were defined w ith some correlations obtained by the laboratory and field test results. This aim, undisturbed and disturbed soil...

Thermophillous oak forests include considerable area of forest within Kosovo. Lie on altitude 300-1200 m. In the mountainous massifs where the greatest impact continental climate, these forests developed mainly in southern and southwestern expositions. These forests except the Central European plant species are rich with Mediterranean and Submediterranean species. These forests belong to the class Querco-Fagetea , to the ordo Quercetalia pubescentis and to the alliances: Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis , Quercion frai...

The article deals with the kinematics analys is of crank mechanism realized by three methods followed by comparison of achieved results. The crank mechanism is the most commonly used mechanism in practice; it is the part of the various machines and almost every car. It belongs to the fundamental mechanisms whereon the kinematic characteristics of mechanism are investigated by students on FMT TU KoЕЎice with seat in PreЕЎov within the scope of Technical mechanics lessons. Ar ticle hints as the utilization of suitab...

The aim of this paper is to show the possi bilities, how effective use GIS for modelling of mineral deposits, for example of brown coal deposit NovГЎky. The work results - seam base model and seam thickness model, ash content and heat value of coal presented in the ArcGIS are an example of a modern appr oach to the processing of geological data. The form of presentation offered by GIS allows much more efficient deposit data processing and provides greater op portunities for planning and optimization mining activit...

The process of alkaline hydrothermal activation (with NaOH) of fly ash from Bulgarian coal-burning thermo-power plant “Maritsa 3” has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispe rsive X-Ray analyses. The stages of the zeolitization have been discusse d on the base of the obtained data for the morphology and composition of typical in dividual particles from th e zeolitized fly ash samples, synthesized at different trea tment duration. The influences of pre-treatment and post- tre...

According to the global movements in sustai nable development, European Parliament and Council amended Directive 76/769/EEC by Directive 2003/53/EC which prohibit, among other requirements, the marketing and use of cements and cement-containing preparations which, when hydrated, cont ain more than 0,0002 % of water-soluble hexavalent chromium, determined as percentage by mass of dry cement. This legislation is intended to minimize th e occurrence of chroma te-related allergic contact dermatitis arising from the us...

The national and international economic crisis has increased the interest in utilizing coal to produce electric or thermic energy, but that means also an increased pollution. According to the U.E. normative, Romani a’s environmental problems with the SO X, NOX, CO, CO 2 emissions from the th ermoelectric plants will be partially solved by 2012. However there will remain some important sources of pollution such as ash and breeze deposits, which have a negative impact upon the microclimate and upon all the environ...

In this article we tried to emphasize the impor tance of labor within the tourism, because the workforce occupation is among the most serious problems with which is facing the world today, regardless of the degree of development of the country, because, on one hand, the level, structures and efficien cy of workforce occupation reflects the macroeconomic performances, as well as and the capacity of economic system to capitalize the available resources, and on the other hand, the labor is the only measure of individ...

With changes in Romania’s development strategy, as a result of accession in the European Union, but also with climate change increasingly affecting more lives in that increased upper and lower limits of temperat ure and precipitation, it was necessary to develop new asphalt recipes and to employ of conditions applying new screening criteria, to aggregates in accordance with these changes. Within this context, the present paper proposes a study that relates the distance transport of aggregates from the source are...

The Chah Zard Ag–Au epithermal deposit is located within an a ndesitic to rhyolitic volcanic complex in central part of Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), west– central Iran. The deposit is formed in breccia bodies dominantly hosted by rhyolite porphyries. Geological field relationships s how that epithermal mineralization occurred in close association with a phreatomagmatic fracturing event, being localized in breccia cements, and formed as disseminated sulfides in the matrix of the more permeable breccia...

University accreditation is also an important mechanism for protecting the consumers of higher education, as well as an accountability factor to higher education providers. In Romania, the quality assura nce system has exercise d pressures towards the homogenization of hi gher education. By the nature of standards and quality indicators used, but also by his philosophy, quality a ssurance has encouraged higher education institutions to comply, both in content an d in the processes of relatively rigid institutional...

Iran is a country with an area of 1,648,198 Km 2 in the Middle East. When it comes to sun, there are 300 days of pure high UV sunshine in 95% of the country. There is a triangular great desert from center to the East of Iran, which due to its position receives a large amount of solar energy. Because this area is enclosed by the high ridge Alburz Mountains in the North, the Zagros Mountains in the West and the Makran Mountains in the East, there is no climate variability and also its geographi cal and environmental...

Costs are present in many daily decisions they take managers from lower hierarchical levels, but especially importa nt for strategic decision taken at top management level. The very adoption of certain strategies fo r the enterprise is based on analytical considerations which require methods of ec onomic and financial evaluation of projects, methods that can not be imagined outside costs. Allocation of resources to the enterprise are based on estimated costs, just as they and replacement of assets. Computation of ...

The object of this study is to locate the zones of groundwater discharge into the eastern shores of the Dead Sea. To achieve this object the electrical conductivity-temperature with a depth method was used. This study show ed that the Dead Sea divides into two layers relating to the electrical conductivity and temperature with depth. The upper layer subdivided into two members. The upper member extends from the sea surface down to a depth of 15-25 m. The lower member extends from a depth of 15-25 m to 40 m and it ...

Geographical information systems (GIS) are commonly understood as information systems serving for effective saving, actualiz ing, manipulating, analyzing, modelling and presenting geographically oriented da ta. Treatment of geological information through GIS comes together with several problems. Right and effective analysis of complex system of surface and undersurface objects requires whole specific data gamut, which are typical for geological sphere. It is possible to solve questions connected with qualitative a...

A various range of remote sensors are currently available to help to explore a landscape and other natural components. The mainly part of this field is based on a small format aerial photographs (SFAP) taken from a small aircraft. The scienti fic benefit arises from the combination of knowledge achieved by conventional field work and the visual information gleaned from SFAP. In monitoring studies, temporal changes of forms and patterns give additional clues. The coupling of field data and interpretation of SFAP...

The foundry industry, itself, is one of the wo rldВґs first recyclers. Foundries have been making new metal objects by remelting old ones. An estimated 15 to 20 million tons of scrap metal that would otherwise be sent to overcrowded landfills are being remade into new castings each year. As with most industries, the foundry industry generates its own by-products. Typical by-product streams from the foundry indus try include foundry sand, foundry slag, baghouse dust, and furnace and ladle refractory. In order to co...

During the last decades an increase of the number of extreme natural events has been observed all over the world. Drought in Southeastern Europe is among the extreme events, which might have significant negativ e impacts on the socio-economic sectors. Drought in Bulgaria has been in details studied by many researchers, but being a problem of vital importance, is continuously considered with enhanced attention. 50- years time series of precipitation, collected from 20 weather stations located at the Maritsa and Tun...

Wages and rewarding in the labour-intensive tourism sector are not only motivating for workers but also influential in helping them to cling to lif e and their work. In tourism sector, like in all sectors, worker satisfac tion is reflected on the enterprise. Wage awards lead to the satisfaction of workers in the tourism sector a nd especially in large accommodation enterprises. When we look at the same wage awards from the point of view of employers, we see that they are regarded as expense item. Wage awards, whic...

This research will address the important pr oblem of waste management sector for the Municipality of Prishtina. Rapid urbani zation has made solid waste management a serious problem today. The perception of the people has always been that it is a responsibility of the local government bodies. Local authorities are bound to keep their area clean. For some time now, many municipa lities, city corporations and industries have been experimenting with several innov ative and participatory methods of Reduce, Reuse and R...

A trans-regional project, WasteKIT, devoted on the economic development via waste management, based on knowledge and integration has been presented. The project puts together 18 different waste management related organizations from Sofia region (Bulgaria), Emilia Romagni region (Italy), Am sterdam region (Netherlands), Yorkshire and Humber (Great Britain) including resear ch and education organizations, SMEs and local authorities in order to e xpand the ambitions of region s with respect to regional economic devel...

All wastes, as the products of human activity, necessarily enter matte r cycles in nature and ecosystems after certain time. They can damage the nature by their direct effects on biotic and abiotic ecosystems. Our contributio n discusses the risk properties of wastes and their influences on the environment with respect to the protec tion of public health. The hazard effects of wastes are demonstr ated using some cases of their direct exposition on organisms and other parts of the environment.

In recent years, the intern ational community has witne ssed incidence of climate variability and human ac tivities. In this study, will be treated water resources and environmental protection is the catchments area of Lake Badovc. The catchments area of the Lake Badovc has a size of 109 kmВІ and the active storage volume of the lake is assessed to 26.4 Mill.m3. Around 28% of the total population of Municipality of Prishtina supply with drinking water from Lake Badovc. The knowledge of flows reaching the Lake Bado...

In this paper, the case of study is water resource protection from negative influences such as climate variability and human activitie s should be approached with great care. In this survey will be trea ted water resources and envi ronmental protection is the catchments area of Lake Batllava. The catchments area of Lake Batllava has a size of 225 kmВІ and the active storage volume of the lake is assessed to 34.4 Mill. mВі. The current population of Municipality of Pris htina is estimated to be around 400,000 and L...

In this paper we analysed timber and timber based products as renewable materials that can be reused, recycled or used as ener gy source, with minimal waste. In civil engineering the main aspects of environment are: consumption of material and energy for constructing purposes, and emission of harmful materia into the environment during the life cycle of construction. Forest regene ration has certain significance in the system of sustainable development. Wood degradates easily which is an advantage considering the ...