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Bioclimatic design has emerged as a fundamental approach in sustainable architecture, responding to the growing challenges of climate change, energy efficiency, urban heat islands, and environmental degradation. By adapting buildings and urban spaces to local climatic conditions through passive design strategies, bioclimatic architecture seeks to reduce energy consumption, improve thermal comfort, enhance environmental performance, and promote long-term resilience. Unlike conventional architectural models that rel...

Blended learning has become an increasingly important pedagogical approach in GeoScience education, combining traditional field-based learning with digital technologies to enhance student engagement, flexibility, and professional competency development. Geosciences have historically relied on direct field observation, spatial interpretation, and hands-on environmental analysis as core elements of academic training. However, rapid technological advancement, digital transformation, and the growing need for sustainab...

The rapid pace of urbanization, demographic transformation, and climate-related challenges has intensified the need for inclusive and sustainable urban spaces that respond to the needs of diverse communities. Contemporary cities are increasingly characterized by social, cultural, economic, and demographic heterogeneity, requiring urban planning approaches that integrate social equity, environmental sustainability, accessibility, and participatory governance. This study explores the theoretical and practical dimens...

Climate change has become one of the most urgent global challenges of the twenty-first century, affecting natural systems, urban environments, economic stability, food security, and social resilience. In this context, climate literacy has emerged as a critical educational priority, particularly within GeoScience education, where understanding Earth systems, environmental processes, and human-environment interactions forms the foundation of academic and professional training. Developing climate literacy involves no...

The transition toward sustainable development and climate neutrality has intensified the implementation of environmental policies across the European Union (EU), including carbon taxation, emissions trading systems, renewable energy subsidies, green taxation, and regulatory measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While these policies are essential for achieving environmental sustainability and the objectives of the European Green Deal, growing concerns have emerged regarding their potential social con...

The global transition toward renewable energy has become one of the most significant economic and environmental transformations of the twenty-first century. Driven by climate change mitigation goals, energy security concerns, technological innovation, and international sustainability commitments, emerging economies are increasingly investing in renewable energy systems such as solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy. However, the economic implications of this transition are complex, involving struc...

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the development of the concept of the circular economy and its integration into regional sustainable development have highlighted the necessity of incorporating the principles of the circular economy into policy frameworks. This integration primarily emphasizes circular supply chains and examines the influence of existing legislative frameworks on the application of innovations within the realm of sustainable development. The objective of this study is to review the mechani...

The rapid transformation of contemporary cities into smart urban systems has created new demands for geoscience education, requiring the integration of digital technologies, data-driven decision-making, and interdisciplinary urban analytics into academic and professional training. Smart cities increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, digital twins, and real-time environmental monitoring to address complex urban challenges...

Green finance has become a critical driver of sustainable development in emerging economies, where rapid economic growth, infrastructure expansion, environmental degradation, and climate vulnerability create both urgent challenges and unique opportunities for transformation. As these economies seek to balance industrialization, poverty reduction, and environmental sustainability, sustainable investment strategies have gained increasing importance in mobilizing capital toward low-carbon development pathways. Green ...

Green growth has emerged as a strategic framework for reconciling economic development with environmental sustainability, particularly in the context of climate change, resource scarcity, energy transition, and increasing socio-economic vulnerability. As governments and institutions seek pathways toward low-carbon development, the concept of economic resilience has gained equal importance, emphasizing the capacity of economies to absorb shocks, adapt to structural changes, and maintain long-term stability. The int...

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the ways geosciences are taught, learned, and applied in both academic and professional environments. From Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing to predictive environmental modeling, hazard assessment, climate analysis, and urban digital twins, AI has become an increasingly important component of geoscientific research and decision-making. As the green and digital transitions accelerate globally, higher education institutions a...

The growing complexity of environmental challenges, climate change, urban transformation, and sustainable development demands new educational models that move beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries in GeoScience education. In this context, STREAM education Science, Technology, Reading/wRiting, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics has emerged as an innovative pedagogical framework that promotes interdisciplinary learning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving competencies. By integrating scientific k...

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have emerged as a strategic approach in contemporary urban planning for addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and urban resilience. By integrating natural processes and ecosystem services into the design and management of cities, NBS offer sustainable alternatives to conventional gray infrastructure while simultaneously generating environmental, social, and economic benefits. Green roofs, urban forests, wetlands, perme...

Sustainable public space design has become a central concern in contemporary urban planning as cities face increasing pressures from rapid urbanization, social fragmentation, climate change, and demographic transformation. Public spaces, including parks, squares, streets, pedestrian zones, waterfronts, and community gathering areas play a critical role in fostering social interaction, civic engagement, environmental quality, and urban resilience. Their design directly influences the inclusiveness, accessibility, a...

This article examines how the impacts of climate change are assessed during the formulation of adaptation strategies and sustainable investment decisions. The purpose of this discourse is to determine, based on thorough analysis, the most effective methods for mitigating the detrimental effects of climate change. The analysis identified notable disparities in the climate change adaptation strategies implemented across various regions. It was concluded that sustainable investments depend on the integration of scien...

Green finance has become a central instrument in the global transition toward sustainable economic growth, addressing the urgent need to align financial systems with environmental sustainability, climate resilience, and long-term development goals. As economies face increasing pressures from climate change, resource depletion, environmental degradation, and social inequality, traditional financial models are being re-evaluated to incorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles. Green finance inc...

Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) are emerging as one of the most transformative technologies in contemporary urban planning, environmental monitoring, and smart city governance. By creating dynamic virtual replicas of physical urban environments through the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), real-time sensor networks, and big spatial data, Urban Digital Twins enable advanced simulation, predictive analysis, and evidence-based decis...

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional higher education practices, particularly in GeoScience disciplines where fieldwork, site observation, and direct environmental interaction are essential components of learning. Travel restrictions, social distancing measures, and limited access to outdoor learning environments accelerated the adoption of digital teaching methods and created strong demand for alternative experiential learning models. Among these, Virtual Field Trips (VFTs) emerged as an inno...