Browse

Disasters bring about sudden changes to life, the environment and nature; fundamentally altering landscapes and thus also influencing the history, culture, traditions and environmental perspectives of the regions in which they occur. This study aimed to investigate the ways in which a landscape is treated and changed in the process of recovery from a large scale earthquake and to examine the introduction of green infrastructure during this recovery process. To achieve this, we set two specific research objectives....

Most methods of mining waste water treatment require significant costs for the construction and operation of tailings. Their area is calculated from the sedimentation time of impurities and suspended particles. The paper shows that an effective way of mining waste water treatment is flocculation of impurities and suspended particles and the subsequent flotation of the resulting flocs. Based on the results obtained, the Mining Institute KSC RAS has developed a technology for mining waste water treatment, including ...

The universities in Bulgaria operate in a very dynamic environment. The Ministry of Education and Science (MES) changes annually the requirements that their systems must meet. Changes can be small and affect only parts of the information systems in use or impose fundamental changes. To cope with this challenge, each university has a choice - either to move to a high level of digitalization or to maintain a minimum digitization of processes, so that no correction is needed in them, thus increasing the hours of work...

The increase in the price for non-renewable energy resources has led to the finding of cheap alternative fuel solutions that can meet the growing demand for energy. The objective for the researchers is to use renewable energy as an alternative energy source to produce green energy. Over time, researchers have developed several types of shapes for the wind turbine: small, which have a generation capacity of 50-60 KW of power; On average, they have a capacity between 50-1500 KW and large, capable with a capacity of ...

The environmental problems of developing solid mineral deposits are largely associated with the need to store waste from mineral mining and processing. Such wastes occupy tens of thousands of hectares and are a source of pollution of atmospheric air, soil, surface and groundwater as a result of wind and water erosion. Large areas of stored waste determine the reasonability of using remote observation methods for assessing their conditions in order to make informed decisions aimed at improving the ecological state ...

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model and an appropriate algorithm that allows one-time measurement of the frequency response and phase response of the MET sensor under normal conditions to construct a complex transfer function of the MET at any other temperatures from the allowable range of -35 + 55 °C with the experimental accuracy not worse than a few percent. This model and the algorithm for setting up and selecting thermocompression circuits of electronic amplification and filtration circuits introdu...

The main cause of air pollution from vehicles is related to the harmful emissions from engines, manly associated to the petrol industry and internal combustion engine manufacturers. As mention into the technical literature, the pollution emitted directly from engines is not the only cause of concern. Besides the liquids obtained from petrol (fuel and oils) and the ones used for air conditioning, the particles thrown off from brake pads is the third cause of air pollution from components of vehicles. It has been re...

Samples of biodegradable composite material obtained by mixing a biodegradable polymer (PLA) as a matrix and chopped fine wood as a filler were developed. The filler in the samples was preliminary thermally modified at various temperatures. Composites were studied for biodegradation in alkaline solutions of NaOH and KOH. It was found that the biodegradability of pure PLA was significantly lower than that of composites based on PLA and a wood filler. In addition, the experiments revealed that by adjusting the degre...

For the Arctic region of Russia, an inventory of the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems for the purpose of environmental monitoring is extremely urgent. Global warming for terrestrial ecosystems manifest as changes in the distribution of individual species and assemblages, in the timing of important life-cycle events, and in abundance and community structure. Zooplankton communities in the Northern lakes are highly diverse and thus perform a variety of ecosystem functions. The most important role of zooplankton is...

An interest to bacteriocins as natural alternative for antibiotics and chemical preservatives is grow at present. The selection of novel strains producing antimicrobial peptides is in focus. The probiotics are preferable because they are recognized as safe and thereby can be applied in medications, foods, feeds. Moreover, the benefits of probiotics for human and animal health is proved. The growth kinetics of industrial probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum B-11007, Lactobacillus salivarius B-2214 ? Lactobacil...

Floods are exceptional processes, observed in daily life as part of the hydrological cycle or as unusual extreme events. As a result of significant precipitation, snowmelt or/and anthropogenic pressures and technogenic disasters river flow rapidly increase causing an overflow on rivers floodplain with possible damages on the crop, households, economy, infrastructure, social life, etc. Observed consequences depend on the local conditions. They can be negative or insignificant in case of comparatively minor floods, ...

The article presents a detailed study of the close relationship between the content of total dissolved iron (Fetotal), Fe2+, Fe3+ on the one hand and physical and chemical parameters (Eh, pH, salinity (S), water temperature, electrical conductivity (Cond), the content of molecular oxygen and its saturation percentage in the section "Don River - Sea of Azov" on the other under various weather conditions. Correlation coefficients, as a quantitative measure of the tightness of the connection, varied over a wide range...

The emergence of an increasing number of tools for processing data on the GPU makes us think about optimizing the processing of a large array of coefficients. This article examines the performance of the implementation of the calculation of the absorption coefficient according to the data of the Hitran base on the GPU. An algorithm for calculating the absorption coefficient for water vapor is presented. The results show a significant increase in productivity due to parallelization of sequential calculation steps, ...

Substances of petroleum origin that reach groundwater limit water use and can have irreversible effects on ecosystems interacting with them. Quantitative changes in groundwater and synergistic effects generated by petroleum products on ecosystems can be objectively quantified based on a scenario for the transport of pollutants concentrations through the aquifer. In this sense, with the help of mathematical models, the research estimates the spatial and temporal dimension of a possible accidental pollution by petro...

Mobile mapping systems (MMS) are becoming used in standard geodetic tasks more common in the last years. This paper deals with independent accuracy evaluation of MMS RIEGL VMX-450, and recommendation for which types of tasks is effective to use tested MMS. Data from mobile laser scanning and mobile photogrammetry obtained by tested system were evaluated. The new test point field was built in area of Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies (AdMaS) research centre that is part of Brno University of Technolog...

In our scientific approach we have sought for showing who are the main actors of the financial markets, i.e., those persons who decide, directly or indirectly, on all the events which may occur on the said markets but, above all, on those who require a sustainable financing of long term impact on mankind. Such persons hold positions on various levels of the financial entities but all of them have a decisive role in the making of most of the decisions which have as a result various actions on those markets, either ...

This paper describes an algorithm that proposes compositions of structures that are in contact with the cooled environment based on the user's priorities. Specifically, the algorithm evaluates the construction of floors, flat, and pitched roofs. The algorithm compiles these structures based on individual technical criteria and their set priorities in combination with the price of materials. Multi-criteria methods such as the Saaty method and the weighted sum method are using to determine the importance of individu...

The constant need for techniques that contribute to the environmental preservation has led researchers worldwide to intensify their studies regarding different routes that enable the environmental protection. Azo - dyes can be found in aquatic matrices and conventional procedures applied in effluent treatment plants showed not so good results in respect to degrading this type of dyes that are usually persistent and refractory. Also, textile dyes release important amounts of toxic and resistant color effluents that...

This study performed a hygienic analysis of pollutant emissions from stationary and mobile sources and hygienic assessment of air quality for 2007-2019 according to official statistics of the Russian Federation. It was found that the main sources of emissions are motor vehicles, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, machine building, timber, woodworking, coal, mining, pulp and paper, chemical and oil refining industries. As results of hygienic analysis showed, the total amount of pollutant em...

In recent years, the European Commission (EC) has increased interest in environmental issues, focusing its attention on the green economy concept. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is a voluntary tool that integrates environmental criteria with all steps of the process of purchasing goods and services. With the first Public Procurement directives, the EC introduces a useful framework to define guidelines for the adoption of GPP. In Italy, the definition of the GPP National Action Plan (GPP NAP) for the environmental ...

A major risk factor for freshwater coastal aquifers is represented by seawater intrusion, consisting of the movement of marine saltwater into these aquifers. This occurs due to sea level changes, tidal fluctuations, changes in evaporation and recharge rates, fractures in coastal rock formations, or excessive freshwater pumping. The negative effects of this salinization phenomenon are a reduction in the available freshwater storage volume, the contamination, and the abandonment of production wells. In Romania, such...

The main purpose of this paper is to provide new geological information and interpretation of the well data from the Istria Basin, Western Black Sea. Therefore, we present a reconsideration of the microfaunas (mainly foraminifers) and calcareous nannofossils described from several wells drilled on the Lebada East structure belonging to the Istria Basin, by using core reports. Thus, we have been able to compile integrated information regarding the lithology and biostratigraphy of the wells. We have focused on the s...

Considering that the underground mining of coal is used mining systems that have a high degree of complexity, and can reach cumulative lengths of tens of kilometers, associated with them we have the ventilation networks with the role of transporting important air flows with the help of special ventilation systems. The aeration networks are made up of all the mining works on which air flows are carried. Structurally, they comprise nodes and branches. The nodes of an aeration network are generated by the intersectio...

The Dobsina dam is a part of the water management system ?Dobsina? which consists of the Palcmanska Masa reservoir, the Vlca Dolina hydroelectric power plant, and the Dobsina afterbay reservoir. Palcmanska Masa and Vlcia dolina dams were built in the years 1956 -1958, Dobsina dam in 1960. It is an earthfill dam, and the body of the dam is divided into the left and right part by a functional outlet block, which is situated in the valley alluvial plain. On the left side of the dam, the sealing was built of stabilize...

The study of erosion processes in settlements is a pressing issue since they develop rapidly sometimes. The purpose of this study is, however, to identify the dynamics of erosion activity in settlements of the Middle Ob region. The study objectives are focused on identification of hazardous areas, which is necessary for making informed decisions related to well-minded bank protection. The targets of the study were settlements of the Middle Ob region (Pasol, Vata, Vysoky Mys villages) within the latitudinal stream ...

Anthropic activities involve the extraction of the transformation and use of natural resources. During the process of extraction at the surface or underground of useful minerals, particles or gases resulting from the natural rocking or release from the rock mass appear in the working environment. The process of transforming useful mineral substances is carried out on the surface in enclosed enclosures, involving the use of complex technological processes. During the course of these technological processes, explosi...

The paper deals with the laboratory testing of the shear strength of the soil-geotextile interface. Two samples of soil were tested, i.e., coarse-grained poorly graded sand and fine poorly graded ash. The soils were reinforced using the Thrace WG80 black woven geotextile, which is suitable for road, railway, and geo-bag applications. The tests were executed using a large-size direct shear test apparatus. The shear strength of the interface was determined using the large-size direct shear test apparatus. The ground...

At present the traffic lights are common part of the road intersections. This type of traffic control has many advantages: increase in traffic safety, clearly defined driving preference, increase in intersection capacity etc. On the other hand the intersections with traffic lights can show also some disadvantages, for example wrong behaviour of road participants, problem with traffic flow continuity, often due to wrong signal program, traffic volumes or geometric and building parameters of intersection, economic a...

The exodus of young people from rural areas in Romania, corroborated with the decrease of the population at national level is a major problem of the country. The Common Agricultural Policy integrates this issue, finding several forms of support both in Pillar I, on direct payments, and in Pillar II, on rural development. This paper proposes the analysis of support for young farmers in the second pillar. Thus, the measures related to the support of young farmers through the National Rural Development Program will b...

This paper describes the tools developed for modelling mine-ventilation networks and postprocessing simulation results using the Aeroset software, with a specific focus on solution visualization tools. These tools are aimed at simplifying the analysis of simulation data of large ventilation networks ? the visual representation and graphical analysis of models of such ventilation networks, with many (more than 1000) branches, becomes difficult without the use of specific tools. The following special tools are sugge...

In the 1920 accrued one vehicle per one thousand inhabitants, in 1960 twenty cars per thousand inhabitants, and today it is 400 cars per 1000 inhabitants. The population and the numbers of vehicles increase causes a lot of economical and environmental problems, not only in Czech Republic but in the whole world. Today, parking is considered as a big problem for many reasons. The reasons are the numbers of inhabitants and numbers and size of vehicles increase, restricted parking spaces, traffic jams on roads, the lo...

Rapid development of residential housing in Kazakhstan entails an increase in the consumption of thermal energy and, accordingly, carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. According to the Department of Statistics, only in 2019, 41,415 individual and 1,746 multi-apartment residential buildings became operational in the country of the total living area of 13,133.8 thousand square meters. Providing that all built houses comply with energy efficiency requirements of Kazakhstan, the introduction of new housing has...

The reason for the creation of playgrounds was the effort to get playing children off the city streets where they could get injured due to increasing car traffic. More than 160 years have passed since, and the playgrounds have gradually been transformed according to the needs of the time. Denser traffic, and generally a sense of greater discomfort among strangers, have increased demands on finding ways how to satisfy all the needs of the children with their escort. With the development of transportation, the feeli...

There is observational evidence that the global sea levels are rising and increasing the risk to coastal communities from floods and erosion. Interest in marine sea level research is determine not only by forecasting cataclysms and sea level rising, but also in connection with interdisciplinary studies exploring the causes of this change. The article outlines time series analysis of tide gauge data to solve for short and long-term sea level variations at Varna and Burgas tide gauge stations. The data covered the p...

The territory of Bulgaria represents a typical example of high seismic risk area in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. The spatial distribution of seismicity in Bulgaria is uneven, which gives reason to group earthquakes into geographically defined zones - seismogenic zones. In the present study the Sofia seismogenic zone will be examined. Sofia seismogenic zone is located in southwestern Bulgaria - the area with pronounces tectonic activity and proved crustal movement. The capital of Bulgaria - the city of...

Waves represent the most important factor in the evolution of the coastal zones. One of the main causes leading to the wave formation is the movement of the air masses. A particular influence on the wave agitation regime in the littoral sector is exerted by the shore configuration, water depth, bottom relief and the formation of ice cover in winter. The scope of this paper is to analyze the historical data on the wind and waves in the Danube discharge area. The emphasis is on the maximum values of wave heights and...

The aim of the paper is to propose an analysis of the current status of scenario-based disaster response training with extended reality (XR). It is considered the different scenarios designed and developed by XR tools and technologies, and also their application for innovative training to effective response upon the occurrence of various natural disasters. In recent years, with permanently established the climate change, there has been a steady increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters as intens...

The constructive solutions proposed for the realization of constructions must take into account the existing situation on site and the way of manifesting of as many factors that can influence the functionality of the building as possible. When functional deficiencies occur during the construction operation, they must be located immediately, the causal factors must be identified sooner rather than later and measures must be taken to eliminate their effects. The activity of building monitoring is aimed at monitoring...

Flash flood is a very dangerous type of flood that can happen with little or no warning. The flash floods becoming more frequent in the territory of the Slovak Republic, typically for last decades in Central Europe. The number of responses of regional Fire & Rescue Corps connected to the flash floods is very high nowadays. Extreme weather fluctuations due to climate change are threatening drinking water sources as well as new types of natural threats. Severe storms and tornadoes are expected to occur more frequent...

Water quality was investigated in Lake Matita, part of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania, to assess the overall status of the freshwater ecosystem, in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD ? 2000/60/EC), which addresses all surface waters i.e., rivers, lakes, transitional waters and coastal waters in the EU. From this perspective, a specific physical and chemical analysis of surface water samples was performed, collected in different sectors of the lake, during the summer of June 2020. Se...

Waste recycling and the circular economy are among the most important issues in the European Union strategies. Because Romania has yet to meet many requirements of the European Commission?s policies, there have been opened several infringement proceedings against our country for pollution, wood management, and waste management. In May 2018, the European Commission sent a letter urging Romania to take major actions, such as: to close, seal, and ecologically restore 48 illegal landfills, and to comply with the judgm...

The paper deals with an analysis of an endless thin-walled beam on an elastic subsoil. Winkler's subsoil model has been used for modeling the subsoil. The analysis is presented in an analytical form for beams of infinite length. The analytical solution includes the analysis of both bending and torsion of the beam. In the solution of the bending of the beam, the effects of shear forces have been taken into account. For torsion analysis, an open cross-section has been considered, including the effect of cross-sectio...

By studying the dendrometrical indices and vitality of introduced woody plants grown in an arboretum, it is possible to conclude about the success of their adaptation in country's climatic conditions. Growth indicators of introduced woody plants growing in Latvian arboretums can be used to study the introduction and adaptation of woody plants, in accordance with the influence of climatic conditions. The aim of the work was to describe the taxonomic composition and quality of the trees of the Arboretum Lacupite. Th...

Construction creates environment for the use of the latest knowledge and trends in the field of smart and innovative solutions. One of the areas where it is possible and appropriate to use innovative approaches is the area of construction in the preparatory and construction phase. The construction site presents a constantly changing, dynamic place that is used for construction. Its layout is influenced by technological, time, cost, safety, environmental aspects and, last but not least, the surroundings of the cons...

Most modern software systems use dozens of traffic types, which leads to the transmission of large volumes of data of three main types via communication channels: audio, video, and computer data. Such software systems are built on the basis of multiservice computer networks in which all data is transmitted over a single communication channel, which makes it possible to use common standards and simplifies the construction of a network capable of serving a large number of users. Thanks to these features, multiservic...

PVP-I (povidone-iodine) or Betadine, molecular iodine combined with poly-(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), has been reported as antimicrobial agent. It is also as a promising chemopreventive agent against cancer. In this study the antiproliferative effect of PVP-I on rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and other cancer cell lines (AGS, HeLa, HepG2, and MiaPaCa2) was examined. Cancer cells were treated with PVP-I and assessed for cell proliferation, metabolic activity, colony forming assay, apoptosis, and the fluorometric assay of the ce...

Concrete constructions are normally reinforced with steel, which is protected by high alkalinity of the concrete against the effects of corrosion. The steel reinforcement corrosion is causing by the reducing the alkalinity of the concrete or by the presence of chlorides in such an aggressive environment which make reduction the cross-sectional area of the reinforcement and a loss of cohesion. Underground constructions are often found in an aggressive rock environment and the protection of steel reinforcement is mo...

The applied research focused on the stabilization process of unstable soils has pointed out the possibility of using different types of organic fibers and eco-friendly binders in terms of their effects on mechanical performance characteristics, cost savings and environmental impact. The experimental applications carried out under small-scale laboratory conditions aim to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of bio-composite wool-based products mixed with different binders in clayey stabilization works or...

The aerial imagery has a long tradition of use as a surveying method in underwater archaeology. With the recent development of new technologies, its application has become more versatile and more common. This article will present the use of aerial photogrammetry in the archaeological survey of the submerged heritage of Nessebar, ancient Mesambria, on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. A major application is the generation of a digital bathymetric model (DBM) of the seafloor, which is reliable and accurate approximatel...

The locality on the Hron River close to the town of Banska Bystrica (Slovakia) was selected, based on the study of effectiveness of the hydro-energetic potential of the Slovak Republic and on the engineering-geological survey, for the construction of a small hydropower plant in Salkova. In the process of the environmental impact assessment, it was required to determine the impact of the proposed hydraulic structure on the surface and groundwater level regime of the adjacent area. Therefore, the 3-D mathematical mo...