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At present, the monitoring of forest areas is a national requirement. The importance of protecting forests in mitigating climate change is well known. On the other hand, the economic aspects involving the efficiency of forest management imply correlation with the growing demand for wood on the market. From this point of view, the inventory and the evaluation of the rate of growth and yield of forest areas is extremely important. Estimating the growth rate per unit of hectare and the level of production of wooded a...

The quality of water sources used for drinking water production is highly varied. Many problems arise in groundwater due to the content of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Thei presence of its in water affects the organoleptic properties, in disosolved form the hydrogen sulphide confering undesirable taste and irritating rotten egg smell which make it unpalatable. Ingestion of sulphides through drinking water can result in stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Ammonia in concentration above 1.5 mg/L can cause odou...

This study has its aim to compare the performance of modern structured and unstructured catalysts in a dry reforming of methane (DRM). DRM is used to obtain a mixture of H2 and CO with almost equal fractions of both products, which is subsequently used in synthesis of some chemical valuable products. The kinetic scheme for tungsten carbide (WC) catalyst was taken from the literature. Using the experimental data for a fixed bed catalyst, we have fitted the parameters of the kinetic scheme of DRM on WC catalyst. The...

Due to the increased consumption of S420NL thick steel plates, the world steel price is expected to decrease. The main purpose of this investigation is to find an optimal solution both from a technical and commercial point of view to produce heavy plate 40 mm thick microalloyed S420NL hypoeutectoid steel. The imposed resistance class for this alloy is 420MPa with proven tenacity properties at temperatures up to-50 В°C. The experiment encompasses the necessity of defining a metallurgical route including chemical co...

The paper presents model-in-the loop simulation results of the roadheader cutting speed control system. The roadheader is equipped with an 132kW induction motor supplied from the frequency inverter. The output frequency is calculated by a PI speed controller on the basis of speed error (signal difference between a reference signal from the load controller and the measured signal from the incremental speed encoder). The whole control system model (involving an inverter model, sensor model, induction motor linearize...

The aim of the current research is to present an actual and overall picture of the arsenic (As) contamination of the soils in the Bulgarian part of the Danube floodplain between the Timok River and the Vit River including the following lowlands: Bregovo-Novoselska, Vidinska, Archaro-Orsoiska, Dolnotsibarska, Kozloduyska, Ostrovska and Chernopolska. One sampling campaign was carried in October 2017. The concentrations of As (mg/kg) were measured in <0.063 mm size fractions of 102 soil samples (56 samples from 0-20 ...

Small kettle holes filled with water are commonly found objects in damp lowland landscape. Their location within an agricultural and forest area may cause, irrespective of the land use, the enrichment in biogenic substances. Deficiency of data about the phosphorus and nitrogen content in the sediments of small water bodies, which makes the discussion of this subject more difficult and restricting it only to large water reservoirs. The chemistry of the surface layer of bottom sediments (organic matter, phosphorus, ...

A comprehensive, three-year (2013 ? 2015) geochemical analysis of soils has been conducted within impact areas of the main Russian and Norwegian coal mining centers in Svalbard. This study was focused on identifying both natural and technogenic trace elements and rare earth elements within a variety of landscapes with location of emission sources and natural factors of contaminants' distribution having been taken into account. The concentrations of macro, micro elements, Trace Elements (TM) and Rare Earth Elements...

The forecast of a convective situation is achieved not only through the analysis of the synoptic situation as well as with the help of instability indicators. These are determined either by means of data obtained from aerologic surveys or by using numerical models. The data presented in the paper are obtained using the model ALADIN (Aire Limit?e Adaptation Dynamique D?veloppement InterNational) model. Run instability indicators were KI, TTI (Total Totals Index) and CTI (Cross Totals Index) CAPE and MOCON. The anal...

In case of using equipment in areas classified as with hazard of potentially explosive atmospheres, this shall be designed so as to avoid the ignition of the surrounding explosive atmosphere in which it is intended to operate. Equipment designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres have to be assessed according the provisions of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU regarding the ensuring of explosion protection characteristics. In case of electrical equipment this assessment usually uses the provisions of some sp...

This article outlines the steps to be taken to ensure that the old Land Book Plans can work together with the current Land Plans and the Orthophoto Plans. For this purpose, scanning steps, georeferencing, must be performed. Then compare the old plans with the current ones by overlapping them over orthophoto maps. Following this stage, we can find out if there are differences between the older and the current plans or the current situation in the field. By overlapping, in the same reference system, we can very easi...

Climate change is affecting forests both directly ? via increased frequency and/or severity of meteorological conditions, impacting tree growth and/or survival (e.g. wind storms, drought spells etc.) ? and indirectly ? via improved conditions for diseases and pests. Also interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors plays an important role. It is important to consider these circumstances in forest management policies to ensure that forest owners remain interested (financially motivated) in forest management. ...

The article deals with geodetic works connected with the construction of the space position of the track together with the measurement of the 3D axis of the track on the section 2363 (the state border between the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic and the railway station Horn? Lide?, which is located in the territory of the Czech Republic). In the introduction, the purpose of measurement and site description are briefly described. In the core of the article, there is a way of creating SPT (spatial position of ...

Constructive details of welded steel industrial structures involve critical areas in the structure. A welded steel structure behaves differently toward a steel structure made of laminated steel profiles in a pervasive corrosive environment. Details of the joining of the steel elements must correspond primarily to the strength of the welded steel structure but also to the impact of the corrosive environment, that is to say, some details must be chosen to fade the effect of the corrosive environment. The paper will ...

Belt conveying belongs to high-performance, economically and energy efficient continuous system. Optimization of this conveying systems makes possible reducing the total operating costs up to 30%. For this reason is necessary to choice of the suitable structural elements. Conveyor belt is the most important element of this system and quality of its strength properties is a needful prerequisite for a smooth operation of belt conveyors. Insufficient quality of strength properties has a negative effect on the reliabi...

The research study analyzes the state of degradation of Kula Izvoranu - Geblescu - heritage building from Oltenia Region and proposes solutions for its rehabilitation and introduction into the cultural circuit. The influence of the known parameters - construction period, used materials, is analyzed. The building being in precollapse stage is mandatory to be rehabilitated. The methods used are non-invasive and are based on visual inspection, historical analysis of buildings. There were performing a lot of compressi...

Polish sedimentary copper ore located in Lower Silesia (SW Poland) consists of three lithological fractions: sandstone, dolomitic and shale. The main copper-bearing minerals are chalcocite, bornite and chalcopyrite. The main carrier of organic carbon is shale ore. This part of ore is the main reason for technological problems in a metallurgical process. However, shale ore is the part of copper ore which is the richest in copper and other accompanying metals such as silver, lead, zinc, nickel, cobalt and other. The...

The uncertainty of methods for determining the heavy metal compounds, as well as problems in the comparison of the methods used, require further studies in this field. The aim of research is to study the fractional composition of Cu and Zn compounds in soil under model contamination conditions using different fractional methods. Chernozem Haplic was artificially contaminated with Cu and Zn acetates at rate of 300 mg kg ?1. Distribution of Cu forms in soil at the use of sequential fractionation by the Miller method...

The use of corrosion inhibitors in the paint materials is an important task, since inhibitors often cannot be included individually in the paint formulation directly. In this case, corrosion inhibitor having a high affinity to the surface of a substrate and a plasticizing effect in relation to the film-forming base of the formed coating can have a negative impact on its adhesion and physical and mechanical properties. One of the ways to eliminate this disadvantage is the use of immobilized inhibitors, in particula...

It is a certainty that a rock massif is a very complex environment, known only partially; in the laboratory we cannot produce all the details encountered in situ; therefore, most of the properties determined experimentally not fully express their real value that they have in rock massif. As theoretical basis we might consider theory of similitude initiated by Newton, in the sense of similarity that we can establish to the boundary between theory and experiment. Based on this and considering the applicable theorems...

This paper aims to highlight the superior agrobiologic potential and technologically of 21 hybrid elites, obtained by the hybridization of the varieties Muscat Iantarn?i x Canner (codified HI), Victoria x Black Pearl (codified BP) and Victoria x Victoria (codified A) and compared with the genitors. Since the hybrid elites selected from the experimental fields, have been highlighted by several descriptors, have been established correlations between all studied agro biological and technological elements: viability o...

This paper aims to highlight the superior agrobiologic potential and technologically of 21 hybrid elites, obtained by the hybridization of the varieties Muscat Iantarn?i x Canner (codified HI), Victoria x Black Pearl (codified BP) and Victoria x Victoria (codified A) and compared with the genitors. Since the hybrid elites selected from the experimental fields, have been highlighted by several descriptors, have been established correlations between all studied agro biological and technological elements: viability o...

In this article was designated a relation of average values of measured curvatures of mining terrain with their forecasted values. These values were calculated by the use of the Bialek?s formula with the values of its parameters determined from the geodesic measurements results. The average graphs of measured curvatures were obtained on the base of average values of terrain subsidence caused by multi-seams exploitation of hard coal at the great depth. An exploitation was conducted by the use of longwall system, in...

In a practical context and with a tendency to generalize the dependence between monoaxial and triaxial compressive strength of rocks and qualitative characteristics and also properties of connection between the elements that form the skeleton of studied rocks were analyzed. This qualitative connection was highlighted by means of void index and apparent specific weight. The obtained correlation can be generalized to any type of rock, if it takes into account the amount of adsorbed and absorbed water, the direction ...

Currently, construction industry puts greater emphasis on sustainability. Exploitation of clear materials, methods and pressure on zero waste policy represent priority in architecture and civil engineering. The new directives and laws in individual European countries help to implement these environmental aspects throughout the whole life cycle of construction projects. Cost issue represents one of barrier and common problem to implement these aspects into the construction process. This is not just about perceiving...

The growing global population, along with economic considerations, has put the food industry under an increasingly pressing demand for innovative approaches, materials and sources. As a result, the industry has to look into the sources that has been disregarded earlier. In this study, we focused on developing a technological process, which aims to ensure the processing of Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) with minimal losses of valuable raw materials. In this investigati...

The growing global population, along with economic considerations, has put the food industry under an increasingly pressing demand for innovative approaches, materials and sources. As a result, the industry has to look into the sources that has been disregarded earlier. In this study, we focused on developing a technological process, which aims to ensure the processing of Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) with minimal losses of valuable raw materials. In this investigati...

The volume of generated municipal waste increases proportionally with the rise in population and higher personal consumption by individuals. Municipal waste management requires considerable financial resources and, because all of us generate waste, we all have to contribute our share. In the Slovak Republic, the fees for municipal waste are laid down by Act No. 582/2004 Coll. on local taxes and local fees for municipal waste and minor construction waste. Pursuant to this Act, municipalities issue their generally b...

This research paper seeks to study the phreatic groundwater body from the Buz?u river alluvial fan. This goal is reached by creating a numerical model associated to a previously created conceptual model. The conceptual model was realized in three stages. Initially, a spatial schematization of the hydrostructure was created using the lithology collected while executing the hydrogeological boreholes. The second step consisted in studying the variation of the hydrogeological parameters in the hydrostructure. The para...

Hyperspectral images and field spectroradiometer with high spectral resolution can improve substantially crop mapping by reducing similarities between different crop types which has similar ecological conditions. This is done by recording fine details of the crop interaction with sunlight. This paper deploys crop spectral signatures database interactive tool for the major crops in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin. The collection of spectral signatures of crops is performed during the growth stage of the crops. The ...

Wetland habitats, such as transition mires and quaking bogs (habitat code 7140) and alkaline fens (habitat code 7230), are characterized by the occurrence of species sensitive to the water stress. The prolonged period of water shortage is manifested by a change in the structure of domination, species composition and, as a consequence, the reconstruction of the entire habitat. Due to the fact, that habitat is not homogeneous and varied very much depends on geomorphological position a monitoring of the water stress ...

The management of the ?umava (Bohemian Forest) and Bavarian Forest National Parks have long been working in the field of natural science research. However, visitor monitoring in these protected areas has been given little attention so far. Successful management of national parks must combine the requirements of nature protection with public use. The aim of the paper is to suggest using cross-border socio-economic monitoring variables to increase the satisfaction of visitors to the national parks without jeopardisi...

There is a fact that where surfaces are in contact with relative movement, there is also wear, with these aspects dealing the Tribology. There are other mechanical parts destroyed during functioning by the fatigue of the materials. Usually these two phenomena are studied separately. But there are mechanical systems where these two actions are joined into a single degradation event, leading to a shorter working time for the parts. The study of the tribo-wear as a simultaneous action with the material fatigue, leads...

The enterprises working in shadow economy do not undertake any measures for protection of ecology, do not pay payments for use of natural resources and environmental in the budget though they do harm to a surrounding medium in the course of the economic activity. The scales of a shadow economy existing in the Russian Federation exerts the increasing impact on formation and ensuring financial stability of regional budgets. According to the experts the IMF, scales of the shadow sector of economy in the Russian Feder...

Originally, walls were of structural or defensive nature and that typology hasn?t changed for millennia. It can be traced back to the evolution of the human species and the shift from nomadic to sedentary societies. Along with technological progress, society development, urban growth and other factors, new challenges were placed on walls. Today, walls are used for protection against environmental risk rather than robberies or military troops. In the paper the basic typology of walls ? the one of territorial protec...

The Volga?Ural petroliferous basin is the oldest oil producing region of Russia. Therefore, most of the major oil and gas fields of traditional types here are already at the final stage of production. This provides for the increasing interest to develop unconventional resources of hydrocarbons associated with potential resources of the Upper Devonian?Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Domanik-type sedimentary formations. This study focused on the geomechanical and petrophysical evaluation of the Domanik Formation a...

Dielectric barrier discharge being low-temperature plasma generated in cases with an dielectric material between the electrodes is a new method developed recently which has been used to degrade organic pollutants in waste water, because is the hydroxyl radical produced as was shown. Pollution of water with aliphatic organic substances leads to irreversible environmental changes. Physicochemical and biological methods of water treatment are being developed for controlling such pollution. Oxidation of aliphatic orga...

An investigation of atmospheric deposition and acid/base balance was carried out. The throughfall chemistry for the fluxes of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, SO42?, NO3? and NH4+ ions in six coniferous stands in Bulgaria in a 2017 year was compared. Site Petrohan and Plana are used for long-term ecological monitoring and are sites included in LTER network, as well. The amount of acid throughfall deposition was higher than the base deposition fluxes in all study coniferous stands, except a site Plana. That revealed a high potentia...

There is carried out the analysis of parallel methods of binary numbers sorting, which allows to represent the algorithm in a graphical form. Particular attention is paid to the methods of binary numbers sorting, which are subject to hardware implementation, namely: the Batcher?s method, the method of "even-odd" permutation, the merging method, the method of "ideal shuffling" and the modified "bubbles" method. The theory of data flow graph of algorithm is studied, which is the basis of graphically specified sortin...

Due to the flow behavior complexity, the calculation of local head losses needs to be based on experimental results. Although there is great literature regarding the study of valves, and a part of it contains detailed results of local head loss too, these values are always related to a specific manufacturer. This means that for accurate design it is recommended to know the specific head loss exactly for the used device. In the present paper the conception and building of an experimental stand for measurement of lo...

The article presents dangerous meteorological phenomena which occurred at Rzesz?w-Jasionka Airport. It investigates hazards caused by dangerous meteorological phenomena for conducting take-off and landing operations. During this study, the approach landing systems were considered. Rzesz?w-Jesionka airport is an airports with a large number of flying days. It can be said that there are climatic conditions conducive to a safe performance of air operations. Meteorological data from the period of 2000-2016 were taken ...

The main goal of this research is to detection and mapping ground displacement using Differential Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique. DInSAR is a powerful tool to detect and monitor ground deformation. Ia?i county is considered as study area in this research. Study area is geographically situated on latitude 46В°48?N to 47В°35?N and longitude 26В°29?E to 28В°07?E. For this paper was used Sentinel ? 1 images, kindly provided by The European Space Agency (ESA), which cover period January - December 2017, with v...

Water is an essential ingredient of food, an important part of the environment and a substance with a multifaceted use in manufacturing and other activities. It is an essential component not only of the human environment, but also of all plant and animal ecosystems. It is the main medium for transport of nutrients. It is a renewable resource of the biosphere and practically cannot be exhausted. This paper describes the occurrence of oxohalides in water and determines oxohalides by means of ion chromatography. The ...

Hydropower plants are objects which horizontal and vertical displacement must be monitored regularly. Method used for determination of horizontal displacements of the Hydropower plant Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and its practical execution are presented. Algorithms for regular adjustment of indirect measurements and S-transformations into optimal datum are also presented in this paper. Further, regular adjustments of indirect measurements of the reference and control point coordinates in the conventional dat...

A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the coastline paradox. However in general terms, coastline or seashore is an area where land meets the sea or ocean, or a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. In port areas, where port berth is a stable structure, determining the coastline is easy given that the coast structure is defined by vertical bank. Other examples of stable port structures include: slipways, cliffs and solid borders between water and ...

The main aim of this study is separation of different populations for sulfur and phosphorus as harmful materials using fractal modeling in the Jalal-Abad iron ore, SE Iran. The elements are dangerous for steel production and environment and classification of those elements is important for excavation of iron ores. For this purpose, the grade distribution models for sulfur and phosphorus were generated using ordinary kriging geostatistical model. Then, the various sulfur and phosphorus populations were delineated b...

Determination of the present-day stress field tensor is one of the fundamental problems of modern geodynamics. Nowadays, world stress map (WSM) project provide a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. From a practical point of view, knowledge of the stress field allows us to solve a number of production problems related to the investigation and extraction of hydrocarbons in safety way. In particular, orientation of the main stresses and stress regime are necessary to set the bou...

The belt conveyance plays an important role in mining, bulk material transportation, raw materials processing, and in many other areas (e.g., metallurgy, wood-cutting, and energetics) where large quantities are transported over the distances ranging from a few meters to several kilometres. A conveyor belt, as the basic element of the mining transport, is of particular economic significance. Increasing the belt service life, which can be achieved by reducing the wear of conveyor belts, has a high priority. The top ...

In this paper we make a briefly presented the problems related to geomagnetic field metrology within the Surlari Observatory from Romania, in accordance with the international standards of planetary network of geomagnetic observatories INTERMAGNET and International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), followed by an overview of the types of geomagnetic variations. We have identified and selected few time periods of intensive geomagnetic activities, from the year 2017 and based on the data files recorde...

Zigana Tunnel is a new constructing tunnel, which will be the second in the world, and the longest in Europe, on the G?m??hane-Trabzon highway. Two tunnels are being constructed between the K?stere village of G?m??hane and the Ba?ark?y village of Ma?ka district of Trabzon, each 14.5 kilometers long and 29 kilometers in length. The study theme is the reasons for the small scale collapse in the Zigana Tunnel K?stere Mevkii construction site; the location and size of possible fractures and / or cavity are investigate...