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Collection and analysis of well data is important process, allowing a reconstruction of the penetrated rocks. Numerous charts and diagrams illustrate all sorts of geological information. Some of them are demonstrated and generalized by well sections from south-western part of the Central North Bulgaria. Logs together with well core and cuttings are the bases for construction of a general Mesozoic lithostratigraphy column. Besides the major lithotypes the source rocks, reservoirs and seals are also outlined. Select...

The need of real publication and distribution of the data from the cadastral systems more emphasized dictate adequate engagement of methodology and algorithms for registration of constrictive components which helps discretization of space phenomena and events. Within the turbulent ideas the cadastral systems which are functionally based on 2D treatment of property units do not have ability to accept and fulfill complex constructive segments and their contacts whit the close surroundings. This is only a part of the...

Authors consider a damage in a building excavation, which took place in June 2005 at the environs of Sofia. The slope of the excavation is protected by anchors and protective net but after the heavy rains during the whole month of June 2005 it begins to degrade. An emergency additional strengthening is made and the degradation is stopped. The paper considers the reasons for the damage and outlines the results of the investigations and laboratory tests made afterwards. The specific characteristics of the soil that ...

Due to limitations in the spatial and temporal coverage of air quality measurements, monitoring data normally are not sufficient as the sole basis for demonstrating the adequacy of emission limits for existing sources. Also, the impacts of new sources that do not yet exist can only be determined through modeling. Dispersion models are used in all the basic applications such as the determination of the effect of a pollutant source on environment, calculation of ground level concentrations and regulatory control of ...

The present work aims at presenting the main research topics of GPhI in the field of numerical air pollution modeling. The basic dynamic and pollution transport models, applied for the purpose are briefly described. Some study results are demonstrated, concerning air pollution modeling in local and regional scales.

This study was aimed to determine the levels of blast-induced vibrations at BayД±rk\"oy town situated in the boundary of BeЕџikd\"uz\"u and being said to be affected by the blasting generated at Korkuthan Quarry being located at the edge of Akhisar Brook in BeЕџikd\"uz\"u in Trabzon. Korkuthan Quarry has assured riprap materials for filling the sea and sea fortification for the construction of Espiye-\cCarЕџД±baЕџД± coastal highway (including Giresun coastal highway) at the scope of The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehab...

The environmental problem of natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) is omnipresent on Earth, and their radioactivity may become concentrated as a result of human activities. Various industries produce concentrated radioactivity in their by-products: Mining originating industries such as the coal industries, petroleum extraction and processing and natural gas, mining enrichment waste, phosphate, etc. They have been well known and widely investigated. The EPA describes NORM wastes from the mining and process...

The Correspondence Analysis Method (CAM) is actually a Non-structural method that could be used to define the anomaly from the background. To apply this method, representative samples of a large area are necessary but knowing the exact location of each sample is not necessary. Base on this method, the litho-geochemical data would be mathematically process to extract the valuable factors needed to plot a two by two diagram. This method has been applied on available data in Enjerd skarn deposit. Five factors have be...

The use of numerical systems to evaluate the appropriateness of a mining method for a particular ore deposit has been in use for some time. These systems rely on ranking a finite number of geometrical, geological, and geomechanical parameters to arrive at a rating value for different mining methods. Nowadays application of fuzzy logic has been paid attention for selection of mining exploitation method. The mining method selection (MMS) system takes account of the uncertainty associated with boundary conditions of ...

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) (predominantly GPS carrier phase-based positioning) are used today more and more in various areas of geodesy and surveying. In order to determine the position of a large number of points as quickly as possible, GPS RTK (Real Time Kinematic) surveying method is the most productive one because the coordinates are obtained in real time directly in the field and involve occupying points for a short period of time. Because point positions with high precision are immediately kn...

‘Mapex’ JSC is a major geo-informational company in Bulgaria. Its main activities are in the area of geodesy, structural planning and specialized software development, based on GPS technologies. The purpose of this summary is to briefly acquaint the participants in the “6 International Scientific Conference – Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geodesy and Environmental Protection - SGEM 2006” with th some of the major projects of Mapex JSC, implemented through GPS technologies, as well as with those pr...

It was successfully completed the first stage of the development of a multi-functional network of permanent GPS base stations in Bulgaria. The network receives and monitors the satellite signals from both the American network GPS and the Russian network GLONASS. The developed network allows the user to operate in real time as well as in post processing mode contributing significantly for the improvement of the measurement accuracy of the used GPS/GLONASS receiver. The system enjoys a widely spread application in f...

Geographic Information System (GIS) are gradually gaining greater importance in the course of modeling of processes and phenomena in the surrounding environment. The mining is also affected by those systems. They use not only powerful tools for modeling and visualization of real objects in the 3D, but also statistical analyses. Some of the features of ArcGIS [1] for 3D modeling, visualization and statistical analyses on quarry and mines are described in the article.

To carry out the geostatistical studies, a spherical model was fitted over an empirical variogram. Plotting the empirical variogram in different directions, and it showed that there are neither geometric nor regional anisotropy. For simulating via Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) method, data were transferred to standard normal and then simulated 100 times (in this way 100 realizations were created). All of the realizations were honor to histogram and the variogram, so all realizations are valid. E\_Type and p...

The quantity and the content of the landfill gas, emitted/extracted from landfill for non-hazardous waste “Suhodol” have been studied. Modeling calculations have been executed and forecast data for the quantity of the emitted and utilized landfill gas for the period till 2040 have been done. Methods for the treatment of the landfill gas, as it consists of methane - a powerful greenhouse gas, have been presented. The applicability of the presented different methods for Landfill “Suhodol” has been assessed. ...

The system is intended for operatively planning and management of the quality of extracted ore in real time. The system includes following features: Creating and maintenance of data base which contains the numeral samplers of the detonated fields, the needed technical and technological indicators etc. Planning of the extracted activities for period, day, shift and part of a shift by different optimization measures. Distribution of the extraction between the coal-faces. Reverse connection with GPS information relat...

A significant range of the landscaped damaged by brown coal mining is one of the base problems of the region of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin. The proper application of fertilizable rocks to sterile and phyto-toxic sits is the condition of the success of reclamation works. Natural clayey sorbents are usually of very good use, but the North Bohemian Basin is quite poor with them. Bentonite deposits are significant exceptions. They are a part of tertiary vulcanodetritic strata of the subsoil of a coal seam. Th...

Many industrial processes and sewage treatment facilities produce odours, most of which are of decomposed sulphur compounds. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which is a very toxic and corrosive gas, may be the standard indicator among the obnoxious odours and therefore the amount released into the air is required to be regulated strictly. Hydrogen sulphide was efficiently removed from contaminated air by a pilot-scale bio-filter; a column prepared with soil, sawdust and activated sludge materials from the leather industry...

The climate system of the earth, globally and locally, obviously has been changed from pre-industrial period to present. Some of the changes are due to natural phenomena and some due to human activities, where the crucial role has been played by the emission of so-called “green house gasses” (GHG). By 1990 the measured concentrations of GHG had reached their highest level. From the enlarged volume of observations we have come to the picture of world that is getting warmer. The observed climate changes and thei...

The paper deals with a potential utilization of a laboratory device of a column flotation machine for the flotation of coal. The flotation tests, which were carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Environmental Engineering at the Faculty of Mining and Geology of V\vSB-TU Ostrava, made use of samples of black coal slurries from Darkov Mine in the Ostrava-Karvin\'a District. The research was aimed to identify optimal condensation of the flotation pulp as well as the most efficient flotation time. The follo...

In the upper part of the EarthВґs atmosphere, the ionosphere, the free-electron and ion density is high enough to influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for the observables of all space geodetic techniques operating in the microwave band and disturbs both, their group and phase velocity. The effect is in first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray path and can be corrected if the measurements are carried out ...

The crushing energy in mineral processing industry is usually determined by experimental Bond’s index regardless mechanical parameters of rocks. Bond’s index is a comminution parameter which was defined by Bond. In this study, with the purpose of correlating the strain energy of rock to the corresponding energy estimated by Bond’s index, cubic Granite specimens are simulated between two rigid jaws and are broken due to movement one of the jaws against the other. The specimens are modeled as elasto-plastic me...

TOC (Total Organic Carbon), TKN (Total Kjedhal Nitrojen), tP (total Phosporus), C/N (Carbon/Nitrogen ratio) contents and other properties of Municipal Solid Waste, in Д°stanbul are suitable for Compost Production. Compost is an extremely useful agent in agriculture, provides humous to soil, improves its porosity, workability, aeration and needless to say improves water absorption capacity. It also helps increasing the number of saprofit micro organisms and helps plants to get more of fertilizers. Another advantage...

We have studied 15 species of ligneous plants angyosperms, spontaneous and cultivated ones – in areas adjacent to industrial platforms: Borzeşti (Bacău county), Bicaz and Taşca (Neamţ county) - Romania; in the first case, the noxious substances are mainly gaseous (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac), but also solid (carbon black, soot); in the other two cases, the noxious substances are mainly solid ones (lime or cement powders prone to sedimentation). Our investigations have focused on observations concern...

Question about identification of the dangerous situations during industrial explosive works’ execution is treated in the report. A test is made for systematization of the aspects that cause some damages and problems when work with explosive materials.

A method for dam deformation investigation, based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method, is proposed. The practical application of the method for a real object – Ognianovo dam is shown. Principles for changing geodetic measurements for dam deformation monitoring in order to provide better results from applying deformation analysis are suggested.

Mechanical size reduction by using crusher and grinding mill is widely used in the aggregate producing industry and the mineral industry. In this study, physical, mechanical crushing and grinding properties of the rock specimens obtained from different bedrock were determined by using 8 different tests, to characterize the relationships between physico-mechanical properties of rocks and mechanical size reduction efficiency. The rock specimens were tested according to the procedures recommended by the ISRM (1981). ...

In open pit mine planning, push back mining sequence is widely used for long-term production planning. These push backs are designed with haul road access and act as a guide during the yearly scheduling process. Therefore, pushback design plays a key role in defining annual cash flows to be generated from a mining operation. In push back design, a series of nested pits is generated and then considered as possible push backs with regard to the minimum push back width requirements. These nested pits are produced by ...

At present, there is a lot of interest in the use of dynamic simulation for optimization and operation of wastewater treatment plants. For this purpose, different mathematical models are used. Development of these models requires a complicated conceptual approach. It involves identification of all carbonaceous and nitrogenous components. The Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) presented by the IAWQ Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes is generall...

Chadormalu Mining and Industrial Company (CMMIC) is mining Chadormalu Iron Ore deposit in Yazd province, central Iran by using conventional open pit mining method. The final pit will be excavated to a depth of approximately 225m with a bottom elevation of 1300m above mean sea level. According to the initial design, the inter-ramp slope angle of 55В° with a 30m bench height, a catch bench width of 10m and 70В° slope angle of individual benches were proposed. Mining to date has intersected complex geology and areas ...

National Hard Coal Company SA Petrosani performs its activity in the field of coal industry, and is interested in a total computerization of own activities. In the period 2003 – 2004, the National Hard Coal Company SA Petrosani has had as major aims the design, installation and development of an integrated informatic/ computer system by using a high quality informatic solution. The integrated informatic/ computer system represents a complex project used for management of economic activities and industrial proces...

Different kinds of pesticide are used for protection of plant from different pests which are bacteria, insects, fungi, nematotes, worm’s etc. Generally they give some advantage farmers’ plant production, but they also have some important disadvantage with their residues on plant materials. Farmers mostly apply pesticides higher than the needed levels to quarantive the higher production. They sometime use the pesticides later than deformation period. This time some residue chemicals may still be on the applicat...

Ore dressing leads to producing of great quantities of waste which are stored in special waste depositories (tailing ponds). They occupy large areas and their exploitation provokes air, water and soil contamination of the surrounding territories. Reclamation is one of the most radical methods for recovery of the environmental components, creation of conditions for grass and forest growth and formation of appropriate landscape. The current study aims to determine the anthropogenic impacts on the soils in the region...

ccording to Environment Report 2004, eight main areas with most violated environment can be identified in Slovak republic. Among those areas are also regions with mining and raw mineral processing, e.g . Jel\vsavsko -luben\'\icka, Rudniansko-gelnick\'a, Ko\vsicko-pre\vsovsk\'a a Zempl\'\inska regions. Affected regions can be defined by individual environment component grade, risk evaluation and regulations focused on environment protection. The presented paper deals about environmental impact of business activitie...

This paper presents several applications involved in the fields of environmental protection and monitoring. The main goal was to obtain optimal solutions of analysis and survey implied in the monitoring of environment processes through the development of integrated systems based on dedicated GUI interfaces, DAQ devices and specific sensors. Geographic information system (GIS) technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergenc...

Excess amount of coals produced more than demand has to be deposited in stockyards. During this period, coals lose both their economical values and cause environmental problems. It is often that spontaneous combustion event of coals can take place in the cases of convenient conditions are available. In this work, two industrial sized stockpiles were constituted at coal stockyard of Western Lignite Corporation (WLC) in Tuncbilek, Turkey. The size of the stockpiles formed as triangle prism was about 10 m by 5 m widt...

The geological and technological conditions of thick copper ore deposit extraction under the rock burst hazard are presented, based on an example of the new RG-9 room and pillar system. The results of rock mass behaviour surveys and observations during the trial exploitation are discussed as well as the system effect on deposit management.

In the report you can see the question for the common requirements towards technologies during executing explosion duties and work consecutiveness. Right technology choice and following the requirements will provide people safety, without refusal high efficiency of the explosion duties.

Four main mineralized vein Groups within the Sar-Cheshmeh Porphyry system have been identified: I) quartz + molybdenite + anhydrite В± K-feldspar with minor pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite; II) quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite В± molybdenite В± Calcite; III) quartz + pyrite + calcite В± chalcopyrite В± anhydrite (gypsum) В± molybdenite; IV) quartz В± calcite В± gypsum В± pyrite В± Dolomite. Early hydrothermal alteration produced a potassic assemblage (orthoclase-biotite) in the central part of the stock, propylitic...

The paperedeals with the results of an analysis of landscape element changes, such as forests, water areas, agricultural areas, built-up areas, anthropogenic shapes in the selected area. The applied method makes use of the possibilities of Geographical Information Systems, terrain observation, documentation and study of archives. The starting time period for which the landscape character analysis was carried out is the year of 1946 (military aerial photos) and the present time (maps). The research is localized in ...

This paper presents the geology, reserve estimation and quality assessment of the Sindhali limestone deposit located in allochthonous succession of the eastern Nepal Lesser Himalaya. Geologically, the limestone deposit lies in the Bhainsedobhan Marble of the Bhimphedi Group where the Bhimphedi Group is divided into three formations: the Raduwa Formation, the Bhainsedobhan Marble and the Kalitar Formation from south to north respectively. The study area is further divided into Northern, Central and Southern tectoni...

The Saghez shear zone is part of metamorphic belt of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in northwest Iran that uplifted during continental collision between the Afro-Arabian continent and the Iranian microcontinent. The mine is being exploited by open-pits mining, with present reserves estimated at 3.2gr/t gold. The currently favored genetic model is an example of porphyry system, with mineralization being closely to shear bands and emplacement of granit and pegmatitic veins. Rocks from Sagez shear zone consist of metavolca...

Sungun Porphyry Copper deposit is located 75 kilometers northwest of Ahar and 130 kilometres northwest of Tabriz. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 31068 input data gained from 152 boreholes were used. Cu grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to 12.5-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Cu input data had single - population characteristics. To car...

The paper presents principles and conditions of leakproof yards construction located on the inside dumps of open pits. The dump soils used as the facility foundation were described. The requirements concerning the mineral soil used for sealing beds according to the EU regulations, were presented. Based on the case study, the method of forming the sealing bed and all necessary methods of its maintenance are showed. The results of filtration coefficient measurements on the laboratory and field scale as well as reaso...

Global mapping is a international collaborative initiative through voluntary participation of national mapping organizations of the world, aiming to develop globally homogeneous geographic data set at the ground resolution of 1km, and to establish concrete partnership among governments, NGOs, private sectors, data providers and users to share information and knowledge for sound decision-making. The primary objective of Global Map project is to contribute to the sustainable development through the provision of base...

GPS technology in geodesy is using for positioning of the geodetic points and the points from geodetic surveying in global coordinate system WGS84. In the Republic of Macedonia, as in the other countries of the south eastern Europe, were established GPS networks of the first range, but without increasing its density. If we have a fact that there are not astronomic-geodetic and gravimetrical measurements with the aim to define the local geoids more accuracy, it is clearly that can not be done massif and precise GPS...

Geochemical prospecting is one of the most useful methods in mining deposits exploration. For most of minerals and elements, geochemical data are reliable and helpful. As these methods are not expensive we can use theme in large scale. But non of these methods ( based on sampling from rocks, stream sedimentary, soil, water etc.) are complete and need complementary methods such as heavy mineral study, geophysics, remote sensing etc. Heavy mineral study is one of the best complementary methods. Based on this method ...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can effect plant growth and development in two different ways: indirectly or directly. Indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when these bacteria decrease or prevent some of the deleterious effects of phytopathogenic microorganism. The most important way is the direct way, when bacteria promote plant growth by providing the plant with a compound that is synthesized by the bacteria from plant rhizosphere. From this point of view there are many studies that show the imp...

In this article, pollution of ecological systems with heavy metals and their hazardous effects were investigated as a view of waste management. Several industries from mining to electroplating produce large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals. These wastewater cause accumulation of heavy metals through ecological circle in soil, plants and animals which directly enter human food chains presenting a high hazardous effect on consumers. They may cause severe damage of the kidney, reproductive system, liver,...

Due to Internet development and the expansion of the communication network, the services lately delivered by administration and municipalities have improved by granting customers e- access to administrative databases. Several servers for geographical information are already available in the Internet. However, they encompass primarily geographical objects, roads, and the maximum level they reach is address. There is no data about estates, their owners, coordinates of the boundaries’ points, public areas, function...