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The paper elaborates the risks of underground water contamination in the Slovakian Karst. First the geology of the area is given, then the hydrogeologic background is detailed. A number of measurements were taken in the vicinity of a crude oil pipeline that indicate the high risks of having the pipeline there. Lack of in-built monitoring system in the pipeline may increase the risk. Finally a GIS based monitoring system is proposed.

Decision making can be defined as a selection process of the best one among the alternatives sets in order to obtain goal, and mostly has an uncertain situation. Additionally, mostly linguistic variables (weak rock, massive ore deposit, etc.) become in question. Mine planning engineers often use of their intuition and experiences in decision making. As the fuzzy set theory was carried out since 1970, these uncertainties in question are easily evaluated in decision making process. Real world study is decision makin...

About two decades ago, in the land field of Orisovo village, situated on the west side of the town of Chirpan, by means of probes with depth over 280 to 380m, Eocenic Red Clays with big concentration of iron were found. Their thickness is more than 200 – 250m, and their padding, with depth over 600m is not reached. The base clay mineral is ilit. The process of sedimentation took place in considerably small but deep ancient lake by almost desert climate, in the middle of Eocene.

This article considers the application of selected mineral and chemical means, together with the preparation and supply technical equipment in mines in case of different natural hazards (massif instability, fire, methane or climate specific characteristics). It reviews the options for use of new mineral and chemical means for insulation of the heading walls, for gaps infill for strengthening purposes, for insulation of layer section in the corridors, for consolidation of rock cracks, for isolation of inoperative s...

As the complex ore quality of "Tenka" ore body in Majdanpek is similar to all mineralisations that are morphologically presented as irregular lenses and veins, it is necessary to introduce the technological process optimization applying the automatic control. The optimization conditions of the main operation parameters in grinding, flotating and dewatering are found in the research work in order to obtain the bulk concentrate with more than 53\% (Zn + Pb) and Cu less than 3.0\%. In the grinding process, some optim...

It is known that rhenium is easily accumulated in green leaves and plants, its amount in them exceeding many times its occurrence in the earth’s crust (7x10-8\%). We have established that rhenium is accumulated in the chlorophyll, preferably as Mg(ReO4)2. Laboratory experiments with green geranium (Pelargonium) planted in soil spiked with rhenium (1 mg Re per g of soil) reveal that in the first 7 days after the soil is spiked rhenium content in the leaves is 20 mg g-1 and after 21 days it is increased to 100 mg ...

Numerical modeling of water flow has developed to a standard in surface water and groundwater operations. Modeling of water flow in underground mines requires a special approach due to interlinked cavities. The same principle problem occurs in strongly jointed, inhomogeneous groundwater systems, like karst or jointed systems with a statistically well defined structural pattern. The key to simulate hydraulic processes in such environments is the reduction of model-balance-cells, following the requirements of the fl...

The article aims to clarify the ways of acting of the contemporary methods for land volume calculation in open pit mines. Here are discussed the fundamental ways for receiving and analyzing of field captured data through specialized software products.

The "Propast - Dobrovolec" Mine produces bentonite clay by open pit mine technology. This report presents mining and geology characteristic of the field. Here are given the results from the determination of the physical and mechanical indexes of clay and rocks. The slope angles of the benches are determined by the combined schemes of V. Felenius, and for the general pit edged angles are used Prof.Fisenko’s methods (VNIMI - Sankt Peterburg).

According to the general and scientific, evaluation, the main limited factor of open pit mining development in 21st century will be besides the ecology, the consumption of energy and material in the mineral mining process. The subject matter of this paper is related to a definition of contemporary methods of following-up the energy and material consumption what could be considered as the main scientific - research trend in open pit mining in a sense of total costs reduction and higher productivity.

During last decades a systematic effort is being carried out to assign monetary values on environmental assets. Environmental valuation methods namely the Contingent Valuation, the Travel Cost and the Hedonic Pricing are now well established approaches of benefit assessment. Yet, they have been little applied in relation to mining reclamation schemes. As a result, financial analysis is limited to monetary value derived from construction costs and revenues from commercial utilization of the site, e.g. when the area...

Mining and processing of natural resources is definitely exerting adverse impact upon the waters, soil and free air in the production areas. The hydraulic facilities for settling and decanting of metallurgical tailings, waste rock stockpiles, subsidences and polluted rain waters represent the agents of negative influence. Regretfully, the requisite measures aimed at the surface and sub-surface environment protection are behind time. The after-effect from mining activities will be reminiscent of the wounded nature ...

The report presents information for the National Balance of Subsurface Resources, its status at the beginning of year 2000, and the changes during 1999. Summarized are the results for the mining and processing of subsurface resources and its environmental impact. The objectives and the priorities of the Ministry of Environment and Water, considering the legislative basis and the liquidation of the consequences of research and mining activities, are also shortly described.

At present, production activities in Can lignite basin, which is belonging to Turkish Coal Enterprise (TKE) are run for domestic purposes. Apart from domestic and industrial consumption, it is also possible to evaluate the Can Lignite Reserve at power plant for meeting energy demand. The aim of this study consists of production planning, mine design and make mine planning activities more efficient, more economic and minimize environmental problems. Involving in this project, Authors have investigated available dri...

There is no doubt that the energy potential of a country is directly influencing its economic and technological development. The potential of the Republic of Macedonia is based on the Pelagonian and the Kichevo coal basin. However, water resources, participating with 29 percent, have also a significant influence upon the energy balance of the country expending with the construction of new resources. This is even more so, considering that, by the construction of new resources, they have been permanently upgrading, ...

After exhausting of the vein ores of ore zone No 1, the detecting of metasomatic ore beds in the eastern part of Eniovche deposit has prolonged the ore`s life. The analysis of the geologicstructural situation places in the first place lytological and structural factories for localization of the metasomatic ore bodies. The lytological factor is predetermined by the presence of marbles and amphybolites. Its role is additionally increased by the scarn processes , creating much better conditions for metasomatic replac...

As a result of executed examinations a phenomenon of formation of moving broken zones in the tight rocks encompassing by volume experimentally is established that at transiting in rocks of a wave of change of a tension of a mining massif (for example, a wave of the Weber), at the front of longwall there is a fracture of soils stipulated by an operation of tensile stresses.

The Ministry of Environment and Waters is responsible for the State policy and strategy in the field of geology and prospecting, exploration and mining of the underground resources, and the environmental protection on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone in the Black Sea. The Ministry co-ordinate and assign the implementation of investment and other projects for geological and geoecological studies of the country. The Ministry with the other interested Mi...

Deforming processes in areas of geologic failures (tectonic faults, boundary zones of block structures etc.) have the singularities in comparison with those, flowing past on "quiet" sites of rock masses. The intensive assimilation of underground space in most cases reduces in a modification of structural organization of a mining massif. In turn development of new structures or "revival" old is accompanied by adjustments on growing or available faults and is exhibited as strains of a surface and seismic pushes (in ...

Ground vibrations and air blasts are integral part of rock blasting and unavoidable. Depending on level of the stresses produced from wave motion, they cause damage to buildings structures in the nearby residents by causing dynamic stresses that exceed the strength of building material or rock material. So ground vibration effects induced by blasting on building structures and human beings need to be predicted, monitored and controlled. In other words, prediction of ground vibration components is of great importan...

The geological information in Bulgaria is state property or co-property of the state and holder of license for prospecting and/or exploration or of the concession for exploitation of underground resources. Upon termination of the license or the concession the entire information becomes property of the state. The National Geofund of the Ministry of Environment and Water is responsible for collecting and storing all geological data in Bulgaria. Part of the data is published. The National Geofund is in charge of disc...

The new producing relationships , conditions and market request are based on common ground – a totally new quality. A quality within instruments, technologies, way of acting and even thinking. The quality which sometimes is incompatible not only with the capacity , but with the good will of the specialists, too. Why that is so? Why the new informational technologies are the Achilles’ heel of mine producing branch in Bulgaria. Why the save jacket is becoming a stone for the drowning man. Why the Higher Mining a...

In the Coal Mines as well as in the Coal Electric Power Plants a first degree problem is the coal quality control. The successful solving of this problem directly improves the economical and ecological parameters of the coal mining as well as of the electricity producing. A necessary condition for these is the obtaining on-line information for the main coal quality parameter - the coal ash content. Last 8 years in Bulgaria Analix Co successfully develop producing and applying instruments for on-line measurements o...

The problem of surface site protection in mining areas consists in finding such an order of mining that an exactly determined subsidence is obtained on the ground surface. The aim is achieved by solving Fredholm’s integral equation of the first kind. This problem is ill-posed. It is solved by using Tikhonov’s regularisation method.

Uranium mining and milling in the palaeozoic schists and intrusions in the Buhovo area N of Sofia started in 1946 and abruptly ended in 1990. In order to minimize adverse effects on the hydrosphere a complex water management system was developed. The main purpose of this water management system was to provide control- and monitoring tools, enabling the heirs of the defunct mining area to reduce the inherent risks of the different water sources on the affected population’s health. The areas of critical influence ...

Feeding of flotation factory with material of constant concentration leads to increasing of extract ratio and sparing flotation reagents. In the article the task of optimal concentration is solved accordingly to composite target function, including subcriterias for equal, maximal and proportional load of excavators and criteria for maximal flow of ore. The function includes priorities of excavators, entered by dispatcher. Optimum of the function is located using method of multipliers of Lagrange. Method is realize...

This contribution engages in mining photogrammetry as a relatively new branch of photogrammetry. It describes a system, which is divided into two modules. The first one is used to describe single objects on a snap, the second one performs a synthesis of all the snaps. New expansion of this branch is made by solving photogrammetric problems on computers. The photogrammetric system FOTOM was used to solve a particular task in mining photogrammetry. The system is an integral system on a qualitatively better level the...

Here enclosed article is based on a modern geology and engineer-geology assuring the proceeding of mine industry by defining new requirements and other technological tasks, too. Here it is some demonstrative order of all that: Creating strata geological Data Base of objects - hierarchically ordered; Computerized document of bore-holes; Generating dimensional model of geological objects; Defining geologic supplies; Managing and analyzing stability condition of every damaged massif; Building the foundations of strat...

The Hornad river is a tributary of Tisa. It flows through Slovakia and Hungary. The environmental data on the Hornad river that were collected within the RECENT, DECENT and SOSNA projects since 1995, were embedded into a number of databases and simple GIS systems. Recently, the data were integrated into the new EnviGIS system created as a project within the ArcView environment. The EnviGIS - apart from digital maps contains databases of water and environmental quality data plus data on selected waste deposits alon...

The distribution of the different forms of sulfur in the coal has been worked out. The goal of the present investigation was to fine out some distribution pattern of sulfur in this basin and to define the areas with high sulfur content.

Paper deals with methods applied in process of measurement of objects on a photography. Basic principles of 2D and 3D modeling of measurement process are described. Next, solution of computer animation is discussed.

Construction of a mine (in this case of an open pit) is a demanding and multidisciplinary project following the sequence of preparatory activities. The incompletely/inadequately conceived activities can lead either to a prolonged preparation of mine construction or to the misdirected investment. Introduction of computer technology in this process enables shortening of time limits but emphasizes the importance of preparatory activities and exploration works. During the phase of preparatory activities, changes in th...

Mines and floatation factories are great environmental contaminants. In the other branches of industry it is easier to organize a system of canals for contaminant media leading. Peculiarities of mining activities determine such purification process as a serious problem. Difficulties are connected with a proper choice of: Technological method for eliminated media purification; Means for environmental control; Methods for automation of purification processes. In this report the main contaminants eliminated from mine...

Recognition of points of concern leads to detection and consequent specification of values of coordinates Xi and Yi. Result is data file of the coordinates. Problem domain is divided into two parts. The first one discusses processing of graphic information, while the second concentrates on searching of the point of concerns.

The paper deals with photogrammetric diagnosis of underlay and rigging deformations of air- and preliminary- shafts equipped with exploit devices. Collieries are basic connective, transport and airy link between underground working and over-ground devices. Technical conditions of these collieries influence directly their trouble-free working, staff safety and certainty of underground working. Documentation of factual states of up-and-down collieries is topic of the paper. The paper presents development of software...

The enclosed abstract describes survey-technological management as a vital base and precondition for the successful development of mine producing. Here is presented a comparative analyze of working process with all these new computerized technologies, which strengthen their position from day to day, by those mine enterprises, who are opened for the innovations of our century. Human resource, technologies and requirements are those factors that defined this new way of thinking and working. Nowadays, technological s...