Browse

In this paper, firstly, general and explanatory information about ecology and the effects of environmental pollution, air pollution and air quality degeneration, water pollution and water quality degeneration, and soil pollution and soil quality degeneration are given. And, secondly, the impacts of environmental problems on the government development plans, city planning, enterprise planning and costs are discussed and the negative effects of the Kyoto Protocol on the development of Turkey and the cost advantage o...

Wastewater treatment plant design calculation is complex and time-consuming task. The person who is in charge of calculations should be sure about the criterias about the unit to be sized and should use appropriate inputs. Vital point of design is generally using the best input within the range to have more sensible results. Web based design calculations of wastewater treatment plant software has been coded. PHP and JavaScript languages have been used to achieve these advantages. With the aid of error checking, th...

Peak particle velocity is the most important criterion for analyzing dangers resulted from ground vibration. According to the investigations, this parameter can independently indicate the possible damage and is proportional to it. Up to now, investigators have proposed many different formulas to calculate this parameter, but none of them are applicable for all areas and based upon regional conditions such as geological, technical, geotechnical, rock mechanical and so on, only one of these equations can be adopted....

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

The economical investigation is one of the most important stages in the mine planning, as it can be a useful guide in the mine exploitation. The iron ore district of Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) is located about 60 km south-west of the city of Sirjan, in the Kerman Province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Six anomalies are known and for about 10 years, Area 1 ore is mined and processed for the recovery of a dry as well as a wet concentrate. The proven reserves of Area 1 were about 265 million tonnes, whereas near to 100 mil...

Fluid inclusion application in epithermal gold exploration is based on the fluid inclusion characteristic and its relation to the mineralization. These characteristics include the type of fluid inclusions and different fluctuations in their micro thermometry measurement and chemical composition. In this regard, based on the micro thermometry measurements, the fluid inclusions in epithermal gold systems have the homogenization temperatures between 100-300 ВєC and the salinity of 5\% NaCl equiv. in average. Within t...

Because of the approved understanding of the ecological system of our planet also Earth Sciences will be asked for solutions of global problems. Various data, knowledge and instruments should be used to give precise answers to provide confidence in the scientific, politic and public community. In addition to this ecological issue Earth Sciences will provide an important impact on European economy to follow the “Lisbon Strategy” to foster the European Economy with a strengthened and excellent European Research ...

Coastal zones are exposed to many dynamic processes that usually cause changes on long and short time spans. Erosion, sediment transport, environmental pollution and coastal development are among the most severe processes impacting the coastal zones. Monitoring of shoreline change needs a long-term commitment and objective decisions on shoreline change are usually made based on shoreline and erosion monitoring data that are usually acquired cumulatively over a long period of time. The purpose of the present work i...

Multivariate statistics analysis is one of the base stages in geochemical data processing. In this branch of mathematics, “Hierarchical Clustering Analysis” applied to identify the relations between the variables such as elements and samples. Hence, different types of mineralization would define. However, any missing or errors in entrance the data make a wrong or not clear result. Sometimes misinformation or data errors appear because of analytical errors, missing some information, or problems in sam pling or ...

On the basis of integrated geomechanical research, techniques for partial recovery of protective coal pillars have been developed that increased appreciably extraction ratio of mineral deposit. Proposed standard pillar recovery techniques are based on the use of modern augering machines. Use of such machines in combination with UkrNIMI accumulated potential and practical experience in the field of assessment of stressedly deformed and gas-dynamic states of coal-rock mass has made it possible to eliminate any damag...

Introduction of the GIS in geology in Slovakia has carried forward dearly during few past years, but even though, in many cases there are not used all analytical possibilities of the GIS and the works are concentred on a basic modelling of the geological phenomenon and its presentation in a paper form. That’s probably the reason why the costs spent for implementation of the GIS in geology are considered as a less effective or a lossy. Pay back period, as short as possible, is possible to achieve only by a comple...

This work presents an overview of the basic image processing techniques and some of their applications to important tasks in geosciences including, segmentation of satellite and airborne images and environmental modelling. Methods based on linear and nonlinear filters are discussed, as well standards for storage of image containing information.

Sungun Porphyry Copper deposit is located 75 kilometers northwest of Ahar and 130 kilometers northwest of Tabriz. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 31068 input data gained from 152 boreholes were used. Cu grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to 12.5-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Cu input data had single - population characteristics. To car...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

Both the group and phase velocity of the signals of all space geodetic techniques operating in the microwave band, is disturbed when they pass through the ionosphere – an effect, which can be corrected only if the measurements are carried out at two distinct frequencies. In this way also information about the parameters of the ionosphere in terms of Total Electron Content (TEC) values can be gained and used to correct single-frequency measurements and to monitor the ionization processes. The classical input data...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why housing is not sufficiently adapted to climate change. It is mainly expressed as hurricanes, flash floods, high solar radiation. The inclination of Earth’s axis combined with the Earth’s core overheating brings about strong earthquakes and tzunami waves. In order to adapt residential buildings to the dynamics of disasters, their design criteria should be updated. The criteria are related to the spatial planning, construction, heating, drainage and ground streng...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why geotechnical structures are not sufficiently adapted to climate change. The storm winds, flash floods and sea level rise accelerate the landslide and erosion processes. This is the reason why the protective structures will be mostly of two kinds – landslide protection and coast-protection structures. In order for the geotechnical structures to better adapt to the dynamics of landslide and erosion processes, the criteria for their design should be updated. Criteri...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, Turkiye has caught the attention of f...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, T\"urkiye has caught the attention of...

The present work discusses the synthesize of sintered granite–like glass-ceramics obtained by vitrification of hazardous industrial wastes. The chemical resistance of parent wastes and glasses were classified by the toxic characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), whereas the crystallization behaviour was evaluated by DTA and XRD. The thermal and mechanical properties of final glass-ceramics were also measured and discussed. The obtained glass-ceramics have attractive appearance, elevate chemical durability and ...

The technical specifications defined from instrumentation owners of suitable for remote access expensive equipment in Earth Sciences domain are presented. The database containing all mentioned above structured information is created and used as analytical tool in this investigation. The user community requirements in several different domains for application of remote access are evaluated and analysed. This work is one of the main parts of RINGrid project (Remote Instrumentation in Next-generation Grids) under the...

Heavy metal pollution is very important problem in waste water pollution around industrial area. Cupper has been used in many industries with civilisation period and a lot of water sources were contaminated by dissolved component of cupper metal. It has incredible effect on the micro-organisms and also other living organisms in water environment. For this reason, copper content of industrial wastewater must be decreased to the limits given in the international regulations. There are many methods may be used for he...

The analysis of the practical applications of the findings of the preliminary tests for the effectiveness of the disinfection treatments with high-frequency cold plasma conducted on samples collected from patrimony items and reference materials of organic nature has shown that the microbiological investigations confirm the biocide action of the HF plasma in fighting bacteria (after 45 minutes in the samples of icon wood and natural silk, 60 minutes in the cotton samples, 90 minutes in the archaeological wood and l...

This report describes the morphogenesis of the cyathium in two subspecies of Euphorbia myrsinites L. occurring in the flora of Romania related to the vascular transition. Our histo-anatomical researches established the origin of the vascular system in the different parts of the cyathium (involucre, nectary glands, monostaminate male flowers and female flower).

Our investigations have focused on observations concerning the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves in various phenophases, the state of the leaf surfaces and histo-anatomical changes of the leaves under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The histo-anatomical changes induced by the gaseous and solid atmosphere pollutants on the lamina have been observed in protecting tissues, assimilator tissues (the palisade and the spongy tiss...

The long-going petroleum exploitation in the Section Cocu determined the increase of chloride concentrations in groundwater. The aquifer system in this area comprises four aquifers, with different extensions, separated by semipervious units. The third and the fourth aquifer are more extended. The third aquifer is in direct relationship with potential pollution sources, such as oil wells and oil pipelines and it is drained by the River Cotmeana. Several monitoring wells were drilled for the purpose of this study, p...

The article describes electrolytic waste water treatment methods which were applied for industrial waste water treatment, particularly from energy industry, leaking mining waste waters, color waters from different industries and for municipal waste waters.

In this paper it has been assessed the current situation of the old vestige material deposits created during the Pb-Zn concentrate production process. Flotations of Stant\"erg, Kishnica and Albanik, have exposed those vestige materials in the open surface field and are treated as main source of the air contamination in Mitrovica and surroundings, Kizhnica and Albanik. The results which make powerful the opinion that application of the hydro filling method of exploitation in all Trepca mines are shown as well, sinc...

In this paper some specific problems concerning the database and information quality are presented analyzed. There are emphasized some approaches presented in the literature and some “classical” mistakes encountered in practice.

This paper has been accomplished in the framework of Diminish Project (LIFE03 ENV/ RO/000539) within the Life Environment Program. In accord with the Water Framework Directive the nutrient management is a decisive factor for increase the water quality. In this respect the Diminish on-line system, based on GIS database and modeling approach and using Open-GIS technology, allows diminishing uncertainties related to basin management. The Bistrita River (283 km length, 7039 km2) had proven to be specifically sensitive...

The Chahargonbad area is located in southern part of the central Iranian volcano–sedimentary belt, in Kerman province. The intrusion of several intrusives bodies such as granodiorite, monzonite, diorite, granite and quartz diorite in the volcanic sedimentary sequence have given rise to an intense and vast alteration and copper mineralization in the southern part of this belt different image processing techniques such as color composites, image filtering, band ratioing and principal component analysis have been a...

Metropolitan city of Konya has the important agricultural activity. For this reason, it has been named “food store of Anatolia” as far as agricultural production is concerned. Many towns around Konya have to draw waters, for irrigation, from lower quality sources including municipal wastewaters. With the application to land of large volumes of minimally pretreated wastewater, it is evident that considerable potential for adverse health effects exists. Microbiological pollution could occur from food crop contam...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

Rocks are complex and heterogeneous materials. Their complexity is described depends on their mineralogical constitutions which is characterized based on the features of the rocks such as their fabric and texture. It is considered that the texture is an important parameter to evaluation of the mechanical properties of the rocks. In this study, physical and mechanical properties of 9 different rocks were tested according to standards of International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM, 1981). In order to analyze the t...

Methane drainage and utilization can be a profitable activity for gassy underground coal mines, also it protects our environment by decreasing “greenhouse” gases. One of the key parameters for methane drainage is permeability of coal. The flow of gas and water through coal samples was studied to investigate its permeability to methane and water. A relationship was found between the coal permeability to methane, and its permeability to water. As the measurements of permeability should be in-situ representative,...

This case study presented herein compares the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in the Kat county (Tokat-Turkey). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was first constructed using a GIS software. Parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as; geology, faults, drainage system, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI) and stream power index (SPI) were then produced from DEM of th...

In this paper, we investigate the the lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam by a conductive thin slab is investigated. A description of the Gaussian beam and a lateral displacement of Gaussian beam at a conductive thin slab is given. We construct a plane wave representation of a Gaussian beam incident upon a homogeneous, lossless, isotropic conductive slab. The waves inside and outside the slab are solved analitically by matching the conductive boundary conditions at the interface. Numerical results including th...

The main purpose of this work was to analyze possibilities for application of lignite byproducts- fly ash from Kosova Power Plants in other industry branches and for filling of old underground mines and see the positive impact in environmental protection. The Kosova lignite-fired power generation industry produces millions tones of fly ash each year. Only small amount of this fly ash is used, with most being considered a waste. This waste must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable way at a cost which is ...

As we have already approached the 21st Century, there is a growing need for management and utilization of natural resources for its optimal beneficial use with the concurrent technologies. The demands for the fresh water are increasing rapidly requiring holistic management of fresh water as a finite and vulnerable source.. Thus knowledge about water quality of the rivers for the effective management has become most interest aspect. Haraz is a basic river in northern Iran that flows northward from foot of Mount Dam...

Prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas in a number of cases are connected with some environmental impacts in the location of their implementation. Depending on the applied prospecting and exploration methods – geophysical or drilling methods or combination of both - the environmental impacts comprise mainly of: air emissions from the equipment engines, short-term damages to land and soil, contamination of surface and ground water, waste generation, cuttings in forests, etc. The implemented comple...

INTRODUCTION Within the scope of the recently started initiative SAFEMANMIN under 6th Framework Programme, a preliminary report about methods used for the characterization of mining wastes in several Eli countries (Austria, Italy, Greece, Poland, Norway, Spain, France, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania) has been complied. This study is based on the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques of Tailings and Waste-Rocks in Mining Activities, prepared by the IPPC Office in Seville (July 2004). It aims on establishin...

In this study, the region of AladaДџlar-MazmД±lД± (Adana) has been selected as research area and covering on area of 95 square kilometers. A number of anatical methods including Attarberg, XRD, XRF and ICP have been employed to characterize representative samples collected from the soils developed partially weathered country rocks with respect to their chemical and mineralogical contents. Soil horizons did not well developed on the limesstone and ultramafic parent roks that include mainly harzburgite-dunite, ophyo...

Main research directions worldwide concern the distinguishing of the adaptative response of the individuals to environment modifications which occur under the influence of pollutants. These modifications are manifested at different levels: morphological, structural, ultrastructural and biochemical. This manifests not only by macroscopic deviations from the laws of symmetry, but by modifications in the stomata and hairs (tector and secretor) pattern. The vegetal material was collected during June and July 2006 from...

Based on experimental data analysis and obtained by the author novel solutions on distribution of stress fields and deformations in rock mass enclosing mine workings it is shown that in the course of deformation rock mass undergoes successively discrete series of states that correspond to a definite ratio of physical-mechanical properties of rock mass and rock pressure level. It is determine that when an outline of mine working is deformed by 12-18\%, the latter bifurcates (looses its stability) that corresponds t...

In these report we represent the researches made by on original method for determination of the hydraulic friction factor in case of gas transport in gas distribution system. We made comparative analyses of results received by: the theoretical determination of the hydraulic friction factor, its experimental determination and the mathematic model of the process. The stend of experimental determination of aerodynamic loss is development. On the basis of the analysis and obtained result is defused a formula of analyt...

This paper summarizes potential modern technologies for large scale power generation based on lignite which should be used in Kosova. A part of the study was done to review modern power plant technologies currently available potential technical concepts for large scale power generation on lignite taking in account their high moisture contents. Reference is also be made to the importance of low rank coals-lignite in the international scene. The combination of the high moisture content and high reactivity of low lig...

Recently, the noisy problem is increasing parallel to the improvement of the technology, which arises in the developed countries and makes the life difficult. It is recently one of crucial environmental problem that it is a sort of pollution, still least known and least struggled in our country. However, the investigations carried out on noise pollution have brought up that the matter is a problem of public health gaining importance increasingly. The aim of this study was noisy measurements, both to determine the ...

Making macro velocity model is the most important part in any seismic data processing system. It is a very time consuming and none accurate step in conventional methods like NMO/DMO/stack. In this article, we drive a velocity model for a synthetic data with new introduced tomographic inversion method. This method uses the kinematic wavefield attributes which would yield from common reflection surface (CRS) stacked data. These attributes are normal (N) wave and normal incidence point (NIP) wave curvatures. The tomo...

Choosing a suitable method for a given ore-body is very important for the economics, safety and the productivity of the mining work. Ore excavation cost, as economic factor, have not influence on preliminary selection of mining method. Mining-geological factors and mining-technical factors have higher ascendancy in this stage of selection. It is very difficult to insulate one of these factors as the most significant. Today, the selection of a mining method is a multi-criteria decision making process, with many fac...

Tourism Information System (TIS) is one of the application field of Geographic Information System that has been formed for tourism. The aim of this system is to manage the regions relevant to tourism, make decisions about future works, and provide accordance with Urban Information System (UIS) about this region at the following stages. The CPM (Critical Path Management) chart is similar to the PERT chart but includes an explicit indication of the “critical path” that sequence of tasks that defines the minimum ...