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Sulphate precipitation from mine water as ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12пїЅ26H2O, is generally indicated to be implemented as a second treatment step, following the heavy metal precipitation or as a third step, after gypsum seeded crystallization. The whole process may be seen as complicated by the operators, which always prefer simpler flow sheets, with fewer steps and with lower investment cost, but this treatment process sequence is justified by sludge management depending on type and by the economic reasons re...

The aim of the article is to evaluate the Six Sigma method as a tool changing the way energy industry has been managed. It has been based on facts, data and results of statistical analysis. The methodпїЅs task is streamline and continuous development of new, increasingly sophisticated solutions of all processes in a company, particularly concerning the protection of the environment. The philosophy was found to act by a clear identification of a value for a customer as part of a long-term strategy regarding variabi...

The presented paper deals with the design and examination of steel towers of electrical transmission lines with circular or polygonal cross section. Structures of this kind are a safe and reliable option when selecting the appropriate structural solution, but nevertheless often remain omitted due to difficulties with design methodology. The cross sections of conical towers are in majority of cases categorized as class 4 sections. Being classified as such, they are in certain loading situations considered as shell ...

The combination of wood-PVC was used for the first time at an outdoor fire test on a reduced scale. From a scientific point of view, there is a strong the need to repeat similar fire test with a combination of materials that occur in the interior of buildings. It opens the opportunity to confront theory with the results of similar tests carried out. The combination of traditional and modern materials in interiors of buildings occur very often. Both wooden and or wood-plastic composite materials are mainly used to ...

The article discusses the need to introduce energy management of municipally-owned buildings provided by the concept of Smart Cities. Cities use many buildings. These buildings also have a different nature of use, such as offices, schools, social care homes, etc. All these buildings consume energy that needs to be monitored and regulated. Energy management needs a large amount of relevant data on these buildings together in one comprehensive system. When planning building revitalization, it is necessary to have su...

In this work are highlighted a few basic features of the smart clothes. This concept is extremely useful, it represents the future and this time, technology will be used to monitor out body to not only make life easier for us. The smart clothes purpose is that to monitor the human body behavior throughout the day without discomforting the persons somehow. In case if it detects an abnormal reading of the data received from various sensors, using the fuzzy logic the system will issue a warning on a certain level dep...

The analysis of naturally fractured reservoirs is very comprehensive because of their structure, which includes the matrix of high porosity and low permeability as well as fractures of low porosity and high permeability. The situation is more complex in gas-condensate reservoirs in which the condensate accumulates in the fractures, what prevents them to maintain their base role as the most permeable conduit for the hydrocarbon flow. One of the most successful process to enhance recovery from dual porosity reservoi...

The smart development is a quite new tendency introduced in regional and territorial planning focusing on innovations, effective use of resources and knowledge based economics. Therefore there is no methodology elaborated jet how to characterise the smart territorial development progress in municipalities on Latvia. The National Research Program EKO-SOC-LV is established to create knowledge base on sustainable development processes of the state and society, and to elaborate a theoretical justification for sustaina...

An accurate simulation of snowmelt infiltration rates for an area of Bucegi Mountains, during spring thaw, has been made using the snow routine of HYDRUS- 1D. The model is based on coupled flow and heat transport in the vadose zone. The snowmelt routine is based on degree day concept. As boundary conditions are used, surface water and heat fluxes can be calculated from the energy balance equation. The variables of the surface energy balance equation and melt rates can be calculated using meteorological data: air t...

Every infrastructure development project encroaches upon habitable space and the natural environment. Local communitiesпїЅ doubts concerning construction projects cannot be effectively dispersed without public debate and the dissemination of reliable information. This is a very important consideration because infrastructure development is a public service, and construction takes place on land that constitutes private property at the planning stage. Public opposition can halt construction, and developers who disreg...

The goal of this article is answering the question about what role can be played - as well as what role is actually being played - by thermal waste processing plants in Poland. The beginning of the XXI century is a time of new pro-environmental ideas. This is associated with an increase in the awareness of societies regarding the necessity of protecting the planet that we live on, as well as with the depletion of the natural resources that are at our disposal. In the face of such intense environmental changes, it ...

The brownfields regeneration is very expensive process however it has important socio-economic effects. Many brownfields were revitalized also in the Southeast Cohesion Region in the Czech Republic, which is selected as the studied area. The research sample contents data from 28 CBA projects located in this area. The aim of this paper is to evaluate contribution of socio-economic effects to total efficiency of these projects based on benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The paper also deals with the classification of brownfi...

This paper reviews the main transborder issues on the territory of Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR) of principally associated with natural and human induced hazards involving waste contamination from extractive industries. The Soviet Union included 15 states that had unified political and economic system. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, on the territory of the previously united country, were formed 15 independent states, respectively new boundaries were shaped, and existing environmental p...

Conditions of manifestation, feature of chemical and isotope composition of soda groundwater of the southern part of Kuzbass - the world's largest coal basin have been studied. It is shown that soda groundwater is widely developed here within of coal-bearing sand-clay of Paleozoic sediments, are confined in zone of slow water exchange at depths from 100-200 up to 2000 m. At the same time soda groundwater are presented quite variously on chemical and isotope compositions, that has allowed to allocate them in three ...

Free geodetic networks are networks of points which absolute coordinates are not known, but only their relative position in relation to each other. This network is invariant to translation and rotation, and possibly a change in the scale. Degrees of freedom of this type of network cause singularity of the normal equations coefficient matrix N, therefore the use of general inverse is required, and the most commonly used is Moore-Penrose inverse or pseudoinverse. This paper presents available commercial software whi...

The work is devoted to the development of a domestic catalyst of ethylene acetoxylation for the synthesis of vinyl acetate is relevant. Non-stationary process of vinyl acetate synthesis from ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid is being implemented in a tubular reactor by passing the gas mixture of the initial reagents through the catalyst bed. It has been established that using hydrothermal treatment of silica gel in an autoclave at varying temperature and processing time it is possible to obtain the samples with dif...

The Lojane arsenic-antimony deposit with its former mine facilities, for a longer period, represents source of contamination with heavy and toxic metals into the air, water and soil. Remains of mine waste in Suvi Potok near the Vakcince village, open waste and concentrate storage pond from the Lojane Mine and storage of reagents and toxins near the Tabanovce village represent source of pollution with As, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb, Mo, Mn etc., which directly threaten surface and ground water in the vicinity of Vaksince, Loja...

Along the whole history, the human civilizations were depended mainly on the soil fertility and further on the ecosystem well function and its appropriate characteristics. These functions (as natural processes occurring in ecosystems) depend on its structure (on biotic and abiotic constituents respectively) and provide ecosystem services. The paper emphasized the way that one of the ecosystem services, essential to our health and well being, as the пїЅregulation of the nutrients and their uptake? arises from the i...

The paper describes and analysis loess substrate collapsing under embankment as a result of flooding. The threat of huge settlements is wide spread on large loess deposits areas especially in south part of Asia. The popular in Russian Federation and common used method developed by authors is the compaction of substrate by soil columns. It is used in a variant covered with geosynthetic as barrier and reinforcement under an embankment. Authors present results of numerical calculations in direct numerical determinist...

The paper presents the physical and mechanical behaviour of an expansive clay, coming from a site in Cluj-Napoca, Romania enhanced by a polyethylene waste material. Given the current research directions of international projects, this paper fits the less studied theme of the usage of recyclable materials for soil stabilization. According to recent studies, in EU just 40% of waste materials are recycled and this low percentage opens a wide perspective for the re-usage of these materials as fillers in stabilized soi...

In the context of climate and land use changes, the dynamics of soil carbon content became an interesting topic taking into account the role of soil organic matter for both plant growth and soil quality. Various analytical methods are accessible to find out the organic carbon concentration in soil with distinctive accuracy, each of them having own constraints and gains. The aim of the present study was to compare the experimental results obtained for soil organic carbon through several methods (wet dichromate oxid...

The coal-fired power stations are particularly complex polluting agents, furnishing simultaneously, high and low environmental pollution sources, through the chimneys for burning gases evacuation and the ash dumps, respectively. The Deva-Mintia coal-fired power stations has an installed power of 1260 MW, six power units of 210 MW each group having two steam boilers of 330t/h, the energy being produced by the coal extracted from Jiu Valley mining area. Coal-fired power station Mintia is located in South East Transy...

Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich material produced by heating of organic matter to temperatures between 300 пїЅC and 1000 пїЅC in an environment with limited or no oxygen. During the past decade, numerous articles focusing on the use of biochar have been published, but have shown inconsistent results. Reactions in the soil after the addition of biochar depend on the characteristics of biochar, soil, climate and soil-inhabiting organisms. However, due to high variability in the quality of biochar, its effects on so...

The article deals with numerical analysis of vertical normal contact stress in subsoil of foundation slab of 16-storey monolithic reinforced concrete frame building situated in Kiev, Ukraine. The foundation gap is located 11.65 m below the level of surrounding terrain. Numerical calculations are verified with real measured values of contact stress (published in Lazebnik, 1998) in four different cross sections of foundation slab. The problem is solved as spatial (3D) with complex interaction of пїЅupper structure п...

In this paper, the authors discussed one of the Hume-Rothery conditions for occurring substitutional solid solutions in the context of binary relations. The analyzed condition says that substitutional solid solutions may form if the ionic radius of the solute and solvent ions differ by no more than 15%. Because the problem concerns a mathematical connection between two objects, the authors suggested describing this problem using the set-theoretic notion of binary relation. In this context, the possibility of formi...

A method of solving the selection problems with fuzzy parameters by means of a special algebraic structure is proposed. To construct such an algebraic structure, we propose a special transformation of existing fuzzy numbers to the simpler form (L or R number) while keeping the most of the initial expert information. This structure avoids deficiencies limiting applicability of the other known structures, such as unjustified extension of the uncertainty, violation of certain natural relations, openness of the carrie...

The article is devoted to solving the problems of the receving indicators of agricultural land, which is characterized not only by fertility, but other indicators, defining the status of agricultural land. Such indicators are indicators of the federal monitoring of lands that allow timely identification and application of methods of land management changes in economic activity, which enables you to optimize land use and sustainability of agricultural land. It is shown that one of the basic problems of land monitor...

The temperature of some surface and ground waters in Romania was measured during the 2015-2017 time interval at high temporal resolution in order to identify the main thermal properties and their oscillation. The water monitoring in B?ile Felix area was undertaken at Fp3 water well and Ochiul Mare Lake. The measuring sites in Geoagiu-B?i area are represented by water pumped from F3 water well and a thermal spring in Cibului Gorge. The outflowing groundwater from 2 water wells was measured in HпїЅr?ova area. In ord...

This paper presents a possible alternative solution to cold a retail center located in Brasov, Romaine. Absorption machines using thermal energy are excellent alternatives to mechanical refrigeration.The proposed solution uses a single stage absorption systems working with LiBr-water. This solution uses the water as a refrigerant which has a null direct impact on the environment (ODP=0 and GWP=1).The proposed scheme is the result of experimental research conducted by a team from the Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer a...

The present paper represents a first for Romania as it aims to empirically analyze the 26 collision cases between military aircrafts and birds registered during 1967 пїЅ 1991. The paper is based solely on the observations made in the above-mentioned period by the Chief of the Meteorological Division within the Romanian Air Force Headquarters between 1990 and 1993 (PhD meteorological engineer and retired commander). This article completes various scientific and statistical studies in the field, which were missing i...

The article observes the results of numerical simulation of the interaction of socketed shafts with rocks under the action of horizontal loads. The study revealed the following features of deformation and failure of the system "shaftпїЅ rock mass". Analysis of the obtained results confirmed the conclusion previously made by other researchers that the curve of deformation of the socketed shaft may be approximated by bi-linear dependence, in which the inflection point corresponds to the end of the linear section of ...

Iodine adducts are increasingly being used as the drugs and materials with antimicrobial properties. Using them as biocidal reactive materials in the highly crowded premises, hospitals and maternity homes, can stop the development of epidemics caused by microbes that are resistant to common antibiotics. The iodine adducts formed in the lysine-iodine-potassium iodide system served as the object of the present study. The purpose of the work was to obtain data on structural-phase transformations in the genesis of iod...

Geotechical engineering combines strict mechanical rules with a random nature of natural soils. That is why reliability-based approach to geotechnical design is still not fully appreciated by the engineers. Large variability of soil parameters and uncertainty of computational models emphasize the importance of experience and engineering intuition followed by over-standard number of testing procedures of both: the soil and the structure. Conventional university education may provide the student with the knowledge a...

Leaking oil, diesel, gasoline and other dangerous substances transported in large amount mostly on roads and railways affect the soil, rivers and underground fresh water. The fast reaction is necessary in order to stop leaking and to protect the surrounding environment. There are usually no special sorbents at the place of accident, therefore improvised sorbent should be used. Some of natural sorbents are surprisingly effective. Improvised sorbents were experimentally deeply tested in order to find out their chemi...

The problem of traffic noise is particularly important in urban areas. Comfort of residents living near the streets is also crucial. They often live in tall buildings. In this paper, analysis of sound level in the front of high block of flats is presented. In order to make sound level measurements, a thirteen storey building was selected. It is situated in low excavation at front of one of the streets in Szczecin. This street connects three large settlements on the right bank of the city. In the front of selected ...

This study focuses on the source potential distribution within the Menilite Beds (Oligocene) in the Central Carpathian Synclinorium (Silesian Nappe) in the eastern part of the Polish Outer Carpathians. This region of the Polish Carpathians is one of the oldest petroleum-producing regions in the world, where in several folds plenty of oil and gas fields were discovered. The Menilite series contain the best source rocks in the Carpathians: the Menilite Shales, in which the liptynite group with humic components is a ...

We analyze source spectra of 30 moderate earthquakes (M ? 4.0), occurred in Albania during the period 2009-2015, with the aim to estimate their dynamic source parameters. Using broadband seismic records (BB) of Albanian Seismological Network (ASN), along with those from other regional ones, data representative of local tectonics of Albania, are selected. To achieve the displacement source spectra S(f) of S-wave, we adopted the Brune ?-square model, after correcting for instrument response and path effects. Obtaine...

The construction of a numerical hydrogeological flow model must be preceded by obtaining necessary information. Quantity and reliability of information may extensively impact on the process of model construction and its later calibration, and as a result пїЅ the quality and reliability of prognostic calculations. The article deals with sources of data required for a numerical groundwater flow model and it presents various types of data resources. The model is based on a number of overall nature materials, such as ...

The technological progress did assure in the past the desire of the humanity to increase the quality of life. The developments did however emphasize that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired effects can appear. In order to find solutions for this dilemma, global debates on scientific and political levels started some time ago. In the Brundtland Report 1987 the concept of sustainable development has been defined and accepted as a possible solution for the global complex problems. When consider...

The management of construction waste it is at an early stage in urban areas and lacking in rural areas where this fraction is frequently uncontrolled disposed on public lands. Despite the fact some items of construction waste are considered inert for the environment (soil, concrete) it also contains hazardous items (paint additives, cans, and containers) or recyclables (plastics, metals, wood). Potential recovery of this waste stream is high if it is properly managed. The paper estimates the potential amounts of w...

Colours have a unique position among all the principles of map design and visualisation of spatial data. Colours are a part of map language, and they carry the information value. Also, colours are used for creating the hierarchy of map elements by distinguishing the important from the unimportant. Furthermore, colours are a part of the whole graphic design of any visualisation of spatial data. There is a huge number of papers focusing the theoretical basis of colour use in cartography and spatial data visualisatio...

Carrion beetles of genus Thantophilus are an important part of the North Hemisphere ecosystems. They provide valuable ecosystem services by promoting nutrient cycling and biological control of pests. They also regularly occurs on human remains and some of them are established forensic bio-indicators as they could provide valuable information regarding time of death and possible body manipulation. Thanatophilus sinuatus is one of the most common species of necrophagous beetles in the Czech Republic and our goal was...

The aim of this study is to analyze the deforestation process from Mehedin?i, Dolj and Olt counties, three of the most important counties in the southwestern part of Romania. We should consider the big challenge (as a global phenomenon of aridization) that the humanity must fight and manage, at the beginning of the 21st century. Evolution of deforestation process in the study area shows a continuous increase, because the high demand for wood mass and timber in industry and exports. The methods used to analyze the ...

Genesis, transport and accumulation of settled sediments of mountain rivers are such random processes in time and space, which are defined by the river flow rate (Q m3/s?c), height of the basin (IпїЅ), the inclination of the river and basin geology. Genesis and the volume of river sediment is the function of the climate and, in accordance with its cycles, it increases during the warming period and decreases as the temperature falls. The main natural factors for sediment formation are the glacier, erosion, landslid...

The rapid increase of the population, misuse of natural resources, contradictions about potential land use are the most important problems on the agenda of many developed and developing countries around the world. In the last century, the migrations from urban areas to rural areas due to labor force employment and living conditions led to the growth and urban expansion in the cities. This situation reveals the necessary changes in land use in order to provide people with the fundamental needs such as food, accommo...

The Plou?nice River (the Czech Republic) has been impacted by the uranium mining in the StrпїЅ pod Ralskem area mainly from 1971 to 1987. The extreme flood in 1981 contaminated the Plou?nice River system by uranium, radium and also by heavy metals. The pollutants are now deposited all over the floodplain downstream from the mining area. Other extreme flood in 2010 caused the remobilization of deposited pollution. This paper is focused on the spatiotemporal changes of the Plou?nice River between StrпїЅ pod Ralskem ...

This report presents an approach to building specialized computeromputer-aided software engineering (CASECASE) tools for the development of information information-calculating applications including computer aided ac counting, business correspondence, statistics etc. These tools form an integrated development environment allowing the computer aided development of different applications in this field. The concept of the integrated development environment is defined as a set of tools and techniques allowing the desi...

The article states that the important purpose of the specialists with industry-specific economic education is to ensure efficient and smooth operation of mining enterprises. Technical and economic features of mining industry have been characterized. Specific features of oil and gas companies have been of a special focus. It has been determined that studying of mining industry economy, analysis and operational effectiveness assessment of its enterprises is impossible without considering industry-specific operationa...

The Tourism Resort Praid is one of the most dynamic resorts in Harghita County, Romania. In 2006, the settlement was given the title of resort. Since 2006 the resort started an accelerated development and is being affected by a series of new and old geographic risk factors. To determine these risk factors we used the direct observation method, quantitative and qualitative analysis, GIS analysis and representation, and cartographic method. Among these risk factors we will enumerate some natural risk factors like ex...

This study is devoted to the investigation of zooplankton biodiversity and their adaptation to the short growing season of polygonal pond, located in the largest Arctic delta - the delta of the Lena River (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia). Samples were obtained within the Russian-German project "Expedition Lena" (August 2013, June-August 2014). Investigated polygonal pond with thickets of macrophytes shallow, well-oxygenated, weakly mineralized with low conductivity, slightly alkaline pH. The pond freezes in w...