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Eutrophication is a persistent damage of surface waters and a widespread environmental problem. It is typically caused by leac hed phosphorus or nitrogen containing compounds into lakes, rivers or other semi-enclosed waters (even slow-moving rivers). The addition of these nutri ents disrupts the ecosystem , leading to new species introduction, decreased biodiversity, and toxicity. The paper deals with an assessment of the surface water quality in the watercourse TopДѕa and the small water basin Hr ДЌeДѕ (Slovak Re...

Goal of the contribution is to explai n evaluation of economical and marketing environment that mining firms must resp ect during their business activity. External environment of mining firm includes exce pt others technological development, economical situation, and legislative by the way of regulation, but in last time also stimulations from the government, competitio n behavior and other. Contribution is dealing also with economical effectiveness of investment in the frame of economical and marketing evaluation...

Appropriate selection of technological pro cess, as well as technology for processing row materials at quarries, creation of dust emission into the air and its further dispersion would be reduced to the minimal possible measure. This paper represents results of measurement of sedimentary and floating dust, as well as measurement of noise that are products of exploitation of limestone and spilite at SM „Kota“ near Vareš. Measurement confirmed that during limestone processi ng at mentioned location, pollution o...

Nowadays, when the amount of exhaustible energy resources in the world are reducing and their prices are increasing proportionately , mankind tries to find alternative sources of energy. Use of solar radiation has huge potential in th e future. Already today, the sunlight is transformed into heat or electric energy. For the conversion of solar energy into electricity we are using photovoltic cells. The Slovak Republic is in the use of photovoltaic systems on the tail in the Euro pean Union. Electricity produced by...

The shape and geometry of bucket edge, edge and tooth material have a key influence on wheel excavator mining processes efficien cy and power consumption. The frequent change of cutting members due to their wear or break in increases mining process costs, shortens excavator operation time which mean s lower efficiency of the technological complex (TC). Every wear means a change of shape, geometry, eventually material properties of cutting members, but the incr eased power consumption of the mining process as well....

Conception of information society can be viewed as using of information and communication Technologies that are sign ificant phenomenon of present economy, since they remove geographical boundaries and they support process of economy globalization and international cooperation. Most mature countries are striving deliberately to use advantages of info rmation and communication Technologies for acceleration of development of society, ec onomy and quality of the inhabitants live. Government of Slovak republic declare...

Information is critical to the operation of organization. Protecting information assets is a matter of giving confidence to any interested parties. Small enterprises have no free resources to protect information assets. They choose the network provider depending on location of enterprise. Security of their web site and e-mail communication is depending on web hosting security. This contribution deals with information assets, security threats and real risks for assets at small enterprise s. Common of security gaps ...

As a result of mining and quarrying is the exploitation of the landscape (e.g., mine depression or heaps as results of underground mining, or change in landscape due to opencast mining). Restoration of affected landscape is necessary in accordance with current legislation so as to allow its continued use. There are a number of procedures, methods and solutions for reclamation. The aim of our work was to design the information system which would provide ba sis for planning and de cision making about process and met...

Informatisation, internationalization an d globalization have dramatically changed retail sector; speeding up the retail processes, creating new sale formats, fastening the increase of income etc. During the last decade, logis tics influenced the development of retailing by cutting down costs and increasing the service quality level. The main purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of affected logistics and directly caused changes in Western Balkan retailing and global market as well. Among the giv...

In recent years there has been globally detected the provable increase of natural disasters and extreme weather events. The climatologists explain this weather swings by global climate change. This trend is evident not only globally but also in Europe and in the Czech Republic (CR). Evidenced by data of insurance companies, the insurance companies have paid off for disaster damage in CR the amount of over 90 billion CZK (3.6 billion EUR) during past fifteen years. The Czech Insurance Association (CIA), which is th...

The article deals with the de termination of the basic inte gral characteristics of the objects as are the volume, mass, centre of gr avity and the moment of inertia. The article mentions the problems, which originate at the calculation of these characteristics for the parts with difficult shapes. The utilization of CAD/CAM is one of the possibilities which can be used at the solution of this problem. The specification of these characteristics is necessary at the sugges tion or dimensioning of machine parts and al...

The greatest quantities of waste represent on e of the most acute problems faced by big cities. The huge amounts of household produced by the population, office and small enterprises which provide various services to the population need to be processed in special plants. After this kind of processed it intend to obtained raw materials for manufactured industries and the organic waste will be transformed in compost for agriculture or in methane gas if we have an specifically installation. Such material will be proc...

The authors aim to highlight the organization's primary objective that is to satisfy of the customers' explicit and implicit requirements, also the health and safety of the personnel and environmental protection. The materi alization of this policy is achieved by designing, implementing and maintaining an integr ated management system on quality, environment, safety and health. Thus S.C. Salubrizarea S.A. Galati, Romania, allocates for this purpose financial resources, documentation and trained personnel with resp...

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hu rricanes, flash floods, volcanic eruptions and landslides have always cons tituted a major problem in many developing and developed countries. Flood disaster has very special place in natural hazards and is considered as a major natural hazard due to its devastating effects on the affected area. Its effected area is not bounded; it is an unusual event of river basin. Flood related problems and many other applications proved that these problems could be solved through plan...

In the south of the European part of Russi a natural parks are basic units of regional nature conservation framework. A full-fledged situational and diagnostic analysis of current condition of the territory of natural parks is available within the Regional Nature Conservation Geoinformational System (GIS), which is oriented at making efficient administrative decisions for nature manage ment. Administration model for specially protected natural territories must have a geoi nformational basis, i.e. it must use digit...

Data fusion has been important field of expl oration, brought to light under the influence of new technologies and the emerging need for information integration and knowledge extraction from heter ogeneous data sources. The main focus of this paper will be set particularly on sensor data fusion. Our cu rrent focus is on designing and developing an intelligent data fusion component for a Sens or Web based architecture that will enable combining different environmental data into coherent information. For addressing ...

The present study is oriented to the interdisciplinary approach of Stemmacantha serratuloides (Georgi) M. D ittrich alias Rhapontic um serratuloides (Georgi) Bobr., a rare plant for Romanian flora. The aim is to combine systematic botanics, chemistry analyses and Geographic Information Sy stems in order to assess the present conservation state and enhance better management measures in the county of Ia Еџi. The EUNIS database describes the taxon as Leu zea altaica (Spreng.) vegetating in Sarmatic saline meadows [1]

Factors that influence the geomechanical char acteristics of rocks can be of different nature, being divided into two broad categories of external factors and internal factors. Internal factors influencing the geomechanical characteristics of the rocks are the geological, physical and chemical. From the geological point of view, the main characteristics that influence the behavior of rocks are: mineralogical composition, structure and texture. From Physical and ch emical point of view rocks are directly influenced...

In recent years major advances in monitoring processes of sectoral control systems have been observed as well as the lack of interope rability of spatial info rmation systems. In the frame of the EuroGEOSS project inte roperability between Drought Management Centre for South-Eastern Europe (DMC SEE) and European Drought Observatory (EDO) has been developed. For interoperability processes open source tools and Open Geo-data Interoperability Specifications (OpenGIS) were used.

Western Anatolia in Turkey is one of the areas in which the earth`s continental crust has been rapidly deformed. The dominant system is a graben system in western part of the Anatolia. There are various suggestions about the type of the deformation, the amount of extension and the formation of grabens. The regional tectonic structures of western Anatolia is characterized by strike-slip and normal fault zones. Tuzla fault zone, in Izmir in Western Anatolia, is one of the most important of them. The seismic activity...

The railway lines in both sides of Istanbul have been connected to each other by an underwater tunnel passing through the Bosphorus . This type of tunnel is known as immersed tube tunnel. Immersed tube tunne l is a part of MARMARAY project that is continued nowadays. MARMARAY is a rail transport project in Istanbul. It consists of the construction of an undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait. Suburban rail lines along the Sea of Marmara from Halkal Д± on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side will b...

The branch of mining surveying science and engineering that uses measurements made in the field, and also subsequent geometric constructions, as a basis for the study of the structure of a deposit, the spatial arrangement of mine workings, and the processes of stresses in rock and the earth’s surface in connection with mining work. It also reflects the dynamics of the production process of a mining enterprise. Mine surveying work is done by means of mine surveying instruments. Data from mine surveying are synthe...

Kosova has a significant resources of coal-lig nite, that is the mo st important energy resource, which supplies about 98% of total electricity production. During the process of electricity generati on amount existing plants release enormous quantity of ash, CO 2, NOx and SO 2.These discounts have impact in the air and water, and as well affecting the health of the population. The number of residents in the Obiliq Municipality and suburb is increasing with cancer an disease respiratory and ch ronic diseases. This ...

During mining activities, as a result of removal of inert materials for unfolding layers of lignite, has resulted into covering and degradation of large areas of land. This inert material is now distributed in some areas, in the form of landfill, often referred to as wastelands or dump tuck, and occupied this area: Folding Lismir – Kuzmin 780 ha, folding Shipitullë – 136 ha, folding deep Lugu 437 ha, folding Vasilevo 157 ha, folding Palaj 49 ha. From the above data results that the degraded land from wastelan...

Forecast of international experts shows that by the end of the first quarter of this century there will be about 20-30% less copper produced from natural resources in relation to consumption (needs) in the world. Therefore, it is planned to compensate for the lack of processing of raw materials with recycling of technogene waste, which contains copper. In this respect the planned implementation of this process (technological process) has a special significance, especially as the processi ng of these raw materials,...

The Alborz range, surrounding the south Caspian basin, forms a composite orogenic belt and has suffered shortening and uplift through several tectonic events from the Late Triassic Cimmerian orogeny to the present day stage of convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates. The central Alborz, comprises main ly Tertiary rock formations, is an intensively deformed portion in which deformation is accommodated on major reverse faults. These faults are transversely crosscut by several NE- and NW- trending strike-...

In this study, nickel extraction from Karaçam (Eskisehir) region laterites by hydrochloric acid leaching is ai med. The mineralogical analysis showed that the ore sample contains goethite, hema tite, wustite, retgers ite, gaspeite and clay type minerals together with quartz. The effects of various parameters such as leaching time, stirring speed, acid concentration and leaching temperature on nickel recovery were determined. The shrinking core model was applied to the results of experime nts investigating the eff...

The Triassic sediments in the Moesian Platform are very well explored. The study area is in the Bulgarian territory and covers ce ntral part of the South Moesian Platform Margin and adjoining zone to the north. The Triassic rocks there are characterized by considerable diversity, thickness and burial depths. Among them Mitrovo Fm. (T 2lad- T3crn) contains mostly silty-argillacious car bonates with a fair to good organic matter content. The Pre-Jurassic erosion reached different le vels up to Middle Triassic, Lower...

The health risks for people in residential zones most often result from the dangerous chemicals but also physical risks. Realization of living and working environment protection system which w ould provide harmony between humans, their activities and nature, required an integral approach. The presence of toxins in drinking water and food are significant factors ac ting on human health. The food additives become and increasing hazard and instrument for permanent disruption of human health. The occurrence of lead in...

For centuries formation of coexistance of two cultures on interface of Western and Central Europe, Germanic and Slavonic, in olden times disturbing clashes of noble families, was in recent hist ory seriously scarred by First World War and subsequent solution of their reasons. Coexistance in the Euroregion Ore Mountains, how is this area called, is in recent years renovated of various exchange of cultural an d sports relations, partnership of towns. Example of this and the most considerable cooperation is in saving...

An analysis of climatic and social-economic conditions of territory of Tomsk oblast was used to study environmental management risk connected with change of conditions of modern ecological system.

Submitted article deals with sy stem regulation of potable water supply customers in crisis situations. The main emphasis is lay stress on means alternative and forced supply of water, their safety from side of responsib le terminals of critical infrastructure and on possibilities of creation quite a number of special events natu ral, but primary anthropogenic character, which manage to syst em violation of supply of potable water. From analysis of available information about potential threats of remembered system...

The economic development includes the macro approach to all economic fields. The important economic tools are those wh ich lead economic subjects through the internationalization of th e living environment and costs of natural resources exploitation. Since the economic development is only one part of the overall economic development, the future economic growth cannot be imagined without the ecological protection and environmental reproduction.

The main objective of geochemical mapping is to recognize the promising areas for the semi-detailed exploration in next steps of geochemical exploration. To reach the goal the thresholds value of each interested elem ent within the geochemical sample should be determined at the prelimin ary step. At the present article , it is attempted to use the raw geochemical data after pre-processing to distinguish the prom ising area within the Khusf 1:50000 sheets which is located at 35 km west of Birjand at the south khora...

Geografical information system (GIS) is curre ntly the most used tool for analyzing and presenting spatial digital data of various sources. This article is focused on the application of GIS tools in the process of data processing for the needs of tourism informations. Processed spatial information of the tourism of fer the possibility to create different analysis and output s oriented primarily to the requirements of the user (potential tourists). Slovak Paradise is a popular tourist region and through the use of ...

As is shown in the paper, Russia and its Far Eastern region (RFE) possess large amounts of mineral wealth, comparable to th at of China, USA, Australia, Canada and other major mineral producing countries. The same can be said with respect to the production of mineral commodities, including highly valuable ones. Unfortunately, country's and region's mineral potentials are insufficiently geologically explored and are not used to their full capacity. Presumably, the situation can be s ubstantially corrected in positi...

Structure of the mathematical model of underground coal gasification process in terms of material and energy (heat) balance is presented in this paper. Base inputs of gasification process are coal (coal model) and oxidant (a mixture of oxygen and air), which appropriate combination has to ensure the best possible conditions for the gasification process. The expected energy output from coal gasification process is a synthetic gas - syngas. Components such as ash, tar and unburned coal are side outputs of the proces...

This paper describes a mathematical mo del developed to optimize the charge composition for waste gasification process on the basis of series experiments on the laboratory thermal unit and in particular with regard to the quality of produced synthesis gas. Randomly generated batch does not guarantee the continuity of the process parameters, such as heating value of synthesis gas or its yield. The proposed mathematical model assesses the possible combin ations of types of waste materials that are available, based o...

The paper presents the factors affecting the performance of a mining company, identified and classified into two categories: internal and external factors. Further, the paper evaluates the external factors affecting the activity of a mining company, and identifies possible correlations between factors or group of factors and the performance indicators of the mining co mpany. These correlations are validated in time by the evolution of the pair: external f actor – indicator value, or are object of simulations –...

Dojran Lake is the smallest natural lake in Macedonia, but is very important water resource for population in the region. Main economy in the region is tourism and fishery. Dojran Lake with its hydrological basin is a closed hydrological system with natural inflow of water to th e lake, but no natural outflow. Recharge of the lake is from direct surface and underground inflow. In the period 1988-2000, the water level in the lake continuously was declining. Water level declination caused ecological catastrophe for ...

Daily precipitation data measured in 38 meteorological stations during all months of the year in the period (1960 – 2009) are sorted looking for consecutive days with precipitation. The used 38 points are approximately uniformly located on the territory of the country (19 in North Bulgaria and 19 in South Bulgaria) and represent in fact the basic (synoptic) stations in the meteorologi cal network of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. Fifteen cases of extreme number of consecutive days with prec...

Knowledge of physical, mainly mechanical, properties of conveyor belt rubbers belongs to important preconditions of trouble-free op eration of conveyor belt transportation. Mechanical nature of rubber materials used in belt transportation have among others an immediate effect on the friction between rubber layers of a conveyor belt and a driving drum and/or on the total power consumption. This knowledge is relevant not only in the case of new belts where it help s their optimal selection with respect to the nature...

Significant economic mineralizations of Kosova territory are hydrothermal deposits of Pb-Zn. These deposits are located mainly in northern and eastern part of Kosovo, the so- called Trepca ore belt, which has a longitudinal stretch about 80 km and consists of a number of mineralized deposits and occurrences. In the geological context, this ore belt is part of the Vardar zone and associated with volcanic and sub volcanic rocks. Most of these deposits are located in the sequences carbonate and other rocks of differe...

The main shortcoming of the earlier offered casing methods was the fact that along with the productivity slowdown of a well, in some cases there was observed renewing of sanding, with even greater intensity. Renewal of sand production after the carried out casing is explained by the specificity of cement stone perforation, in the production process of which a part of projectiles remain in layer of a cement stone, and the other, with the influence on a productive layer, dest roys it, forming new caverns. In additio...

Hydrological parameters have major impact to water, energy, civil engineering, industry and other commercial and non-economic branches. For the determination of the hydrological processes are: observed, measured and recorded data on hydrological phenomena. Our knowledge of these phenomena modes is the basis for good planning and management of water resources. As a source of information for defining the characteristics we used measured data. The effectiveness of water systems depends on the measurement and hydrolog...

In the context of this study, 19 Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), 17 Total Organic Ca rbon(TOC) and Rock Eval Pyrolysis, 8 Thin Layer Chromatography, Extraction and Column Chromatography, 16 Gas Chromatography (GC),15 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS), 8 Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis(GC-IRMS) were performed with solid samples of Hydrocarbon Seepage from 7 provinces (Adiyaman, Batman, Diyarbakir, Kilis, Mardin, Siirt, Ећirnak) in Southeastern Region of Anatolia of Turke...

In seismic microzonation we want to display the variation in seismic response of the subsurface and subsequently determine where the soil is being amplified to a level that may damage existing buildings or other structures. Frequently peak ground acceleration (PGA) is used to determine the maximu m horizontal forces that can be expected. The method is not always adequate, because PGA often corresponds to high frequencies, which are out of range of the natural frequencies of most structures. The largest amplificati...

In this paper we emphasize the main methods of data fusion with potential applications in navigation systems with micro and nano sensors. In the introduction are outlined some basic features of data fusion process. Further the work is st ructured as it follows: 2) Architectures for sensor data fusion, 3) M odels for sensor data fusion; 4) Sensor data fusion methods, 5) Sensor management. At the point 2 of this paper are presented information regarding different types of data fusion architectures, and also the crit...

Creep damage of pressure equipment invol ves a great variety of high temperature components ranging from superheaters, bo iler drums, furnaces, reactors, etc. Consequences of failures of these components are of high economic and safety concern. Moreover, the probability of failure of high temperature components is now increasing due to frequent cyclic of power plants im posed by a deregulated market and the search for increasing temperatures in ultra supercritical plants. A housing from high-pressure steam turbine...