Browse

The choice of biotesting methods in determining the toxicity of water is determined by the requirement for their high sensitivity and expressivity. In this regard, fluorescence methods are particularly attractive. The purpose of this work is to compare the sensitivity of fluorescent biotesting methods in determining the toxicity of waters containing petroleum products, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides. We studied the toxic effect of petroleum and diesel fuel, polyaromatic naphthalene hydrocarbon, pesticides ?...

Chicken meat is easy to produce, and as a result, it is a cheap and massively used source of animal protein in food. However, poultry farms produce more than 200 thousand tons of chicken manure per year, which must be treated. In the large scale farms biological treatment requires huge facilities and investments, therefore other methods are required. Among them, high-temperature drying and pyrolysis. The goal of this work was to compare the products of chicken manure treatment by means of two thermal methods - hig...

The paper analyzes the impact of marketing tools on market share, sales level and distribution of organic food. The information presented was developed through a literature review and data obtained on the basis of a survey carried out in 40 stores offering organic products, located in Krakow, Poland. As a result, information was obtained from sellers on e.g. the kind of marketing tools used to encourage consumers to buy organic products, their effectiveness, and the decisive factor in favor of the purchase of such...

From 1994 to the present, records of deformations of the Earth?s crust, which are measured by a laser displacement meter, called ?deformograph?, are regularly recorded. This meter records changes in the distance between the mirrors fixed on the rock inside the mountain gallery in two directions: North-South and West-East. Such observations are carried out in the Gorny Altai region, in Kazakhstan and near Lake Baikal. One of the long-acting deformographs is installed in the gallery of the Talaya seismic station in ...

The paper is considering several marine and coastal hydrological studies revealing a high-risk factor in coastal regions due to the climate change and associated storm surge-driven floods, wave and wind damage, and increased coastal erosion and overtopping. The work is focused on advancing the understanding of the impact of climate change and extreme events on the regional and local marine hydrodynamics, including the variability of the meso- and sub-mesoscale marine regime of the western basin of the Black Sea. B...

This paper presents the simulation results of field development optimization of low permeability carbonate reservoirs containing high viscous oil by the system of horizontal wells. The wells are located in special way to take into account the geological features of this field, the water injection at certain moments of time and all potential water breakthroughs from the WOC area. Multivariant reservoir simulation runs were performed in order to identify the optimal well density, the optimal length of horizontal sec...

A significant part of the light oil reserves in Russia is concentrated in low-permeable reservoirs, such as the Domanik Formation, Upper Devonian shales in the European part of Russia. Standard laboratory methods for estimating pore space structure and fluid saturation are often not applicable or not accurate in studying unconventional rocks. The presence of hydrocarbons with a high content of highly viscous components, including kerogen, and pores of nanometer size dramatically reduces the effectiveness of the co...

To purify wastewaters, milk processing plants use different methods, but the sorption method is the most affordable and effective. Among the various types of adsorbents, natural zeolites that have adsorptive and ion-exchange properties deserve special attention, which makes them attractive for use in agriculture as a soil amendment. The objective of the work is to develop and implement the algorithm of comprehensive evaluation and simulation of the effectiveness of the combined application of spent zeolite and pre...

Conveyor belt and especially its cover is viscoelastic material, which means that it combines viscous and elastic properties at the same time. In calculation of motion resistance, mainly in indentation rolling resistance, equivalent lateral stiffness of belts if necessary. To determine this value the distribution of compressive stress (both, in cover and cord) should be analysed. In mine conditions compressive stress in cord disappears gradually and top cover do not take part in cyclical compression. To calculate ...

Enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into sugars is an upcoming sphere of biotechnology. Most of the ways, aimed on hydrolysis process improvement are focused at maximizing of raw materials conversion into monosaccharides. Thus, process improvement usually focuses on substrates pretreatment, choosing of the most effective enzyme complexes and control of the hydrolysis process parameters such as increasing the process duration and enzyme dosage, substrate concentration reduction. Kraft woody pulp enzy...

Characteristic features of the petrographic and chemical compositions as well as the age of basic dikes in the Nastenka site of the Malo-Tarynskoe orogenic gold ore deposit (MTD), located in the central part of the Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt, northeast Russia, are considered. The dikes are composed of light greenish-gray porphyritic rocks replaced by sericite-chlorite-albite-carbonate substance with ore and epidote components, in which relics and fragments of primary igneous minerals are noted. The obtained Rb-...

This paper aims to present a new analytical model for the contact area of all switching devices, at all voltage and current levels. It was proposed in order to recalculate all the computational formulas related to the electrodynamical forces which inevitably appear in a mostly symmetric contact, with a different shape, other than a sharpen or pointed one. When applying this model, the very simplifying hypothesis of the constant current density on equipotential stiction surfaces for the crossing current is complete...

The spectrum of energy resource depletion in the coming years has been a serious alarm signal and has led to the identification of the possibilities for substitution of depleting resources, the reduction of environmental imbalances caused by the exploitation, processing and utilization of the resources used up to now. This alarm signal has led mankind to operate with a new concept, the energy security concept. For most specialists, energy security means producing the necessary energy in their own country and reduc...

There are some relevant problems at prospecting-metallogenic analysis of perspective areas: 1. definition of expected formation (mineral) type of mineralization; 2. estimation of the scale of predicted ore mineralization; 3. outlining of the closest analogue from etalon deposits. During formalization this problems can be determined as the problems of pattern recognition, when objects under study described in heterogeneous property space. The conceptual approach to technology support is following: 1. prospecting es...

The main purpose of this scientific work is to review the current methods of multifunctional material design, and to establish approaches based on multiscale non-deterministic analyzes that can be used to model composite coatings. Analyzing of the literature data showed that methods of computer modeling of materials can be classified by the following. The first group represents approaches in which for selected values of functional properties the process of selecting materials is based on a combinatorial search in ...

Using the open-source library for calculations in the field of kinetics and thermodynamics Cantera, a software module has been developed. Computer simulation of dry reforming of methane in a membrane reactor-contactor has been performed. The one-dimensional mathematical model of gas flow in a porous catalytic coating is used. The influence of a number of parameters, such as characteristics of pores of catalytic membrane coating, and the temperature and the flow rate of the gas mixture on the dry reforming of metha...

Simulation of breathing processes in training complexes to improve the realism and efficiency of training is of great practical and scientific importance. This paper examines the process of computer modeling of the mixing process of the gas mixture in the simulator of the device in the flow stream of the gas cooling coil in the respiratory tracts. According to the results of the calculations, it is concluded that the simulator can smooth the fluctuations in the input concentration of the target component, ensuring...

Computer technology for Arctic seas water masses analysis is presented. It facilitates data obtained both as remote sensing and in situ. Modern methods and software tools are described as parts of detailed technology in case of one spatial distribution assigned to particular time stamp map and time series of them. Open data from MODIS Aqua satellite project and expeditions listed in World Ocean Database are treated with open source programming tools (R/Python software stacks). Sea surface temperature analysis is c...

The urban village Stepnoe has a size of 8 km2 and a population of about 12,340 inhabitants (according to data obtained in 2015). It was founded in 1767 and since 1967 it has been the administrative center of the Soviet district of Saratov region. We studied the distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soils of the urban-type settlement Stepnoe, the territory of which can be attributed to a group of landscapes of small settlements, villages and localities. Soil sample points were distributed taking into ...

The existing approach to data modeling allows to put in an information system only a structure for their factographic mapping. Meanwhile, in reality, data exists within the context which is some user's skill for obtaining them. In the previous study, a model for representing the user's skill was developed. This model represents data in a form of possible action, which, depending on the situation, allows obtaining the expected data. The developed model has such advantages as providing flexibility in accordance with...

At the moment, there is a significant problem of the Russian industry lagging behind world levels. The reason for this is the rupture of connections between social, natural and economic systems, consideration of economics in isolation from the law of nondecreasing growth rates of free energy of living systems. As a result, there was a need for the creation and development of an ?economic system - an industrial enterprise?, i.e. creating a flexible, diversified and receptive to innovation system in order to increas...

The paper is submitted for considering the relationship of geological changes and global economic processes. The authors have confirmed that hazardous geological events are a significant factor in influencing world economic processes. The argument is based on the results of consideration of historical and contemporary facts of world socio-economic development. The historical context of the problem is considered on the basis of a generalization of the historical facts of catastrophic events of geological origin, wh...

The paper reports the results of petrological calculations of some generations of rock-forming (pyroxene, amphibole, biotite) minerals and accessory minerals (zircon and apatite) from the Mesozoic igneous rocks of the poorly studied Dzheltula alkaline massif. It is the largest magmatic structure of the Tyrkanda ore region, located in the eastern part of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield. Obtained results of identification of physical-chemical conditions of pyroxene, amphibole and biotite crystallization indicate the fact,...

Given their wide spectrum of utilizations, the interest for mapping new reserves and prospective areas of useful rocks becomes crucial. On the Romanian territory the natural occurrence of useful rocks is widely spread on the foreland zone, and on the Carpathian structures. These rocks have multiple uses in constructions and various other civil/industrial sectors. Besides being used as raw material in buildings, roads and a variety of miscellaneous engineering works, depending on their petrographic type, these usef...

Geomagnetic data used for the study of the large periodicities of the geomagnetic field are presented as a series of hourly averages covering two solar cycles. These data were downloaded from the ftp site of the World Data Center for Geomagnetism from Kyoto. These data were calculated annually based on final data both from analogue magnetograms and digital recordings. To study the diurnal variations, non-periodic variations (geomagnetic storms, phenomena SSC or SFE) were used as one-minute averages, recorded in Su...

Taking into account that nowadays the websites lacking at least one dynamic component or side is rare (ea. the contact form) the focus of the current paper is granted to the programming environments and the scripting languages used for producing and running dynamic websites. Among the most popular scripting languages the PHP outstands its competitors ASP.NET, Java, CFML or Python. Within this framework, with the aim of separating the content from the presentation of a website content selected aspects linked to the...

A modern feature of websites' creation aside from the PHP scripting language is the use of a database. It is acknowledged that PHP offers the possibility of an advantageous structure for the source code, yet its real capacity is highlighted when the programming language works together with a database. Among these databases one can enumerate MySQL, Oracle or PostgreSQL and the list can be easily extended. The PHP language has predefined functions and native connectivity with the above-mentioned databases. The curre...

Sustainable agriculture appears as a current challenge due to interdependence between the continuous increases of the standard of living correlated with a depletion of the renewable natural resources. Thus, raising the standard of living translates to increasing the population globally and to ensure food is needed access to more and more natural resources and implicitly the phenomenon of wasting part of these natural resources in the form of by-products or by-products. The study also wants to make known as well as...

The assessment of explosion-protected electrical equipment is based on the requirements of the ATEX 2014/34 / EU Directive and is made through tests and verifications carried out according to harmonized standards (of the EN 60079 series). For the type of protection flameproof enclosure, the EN 60079-0 (for general requirements) and the standard for the type of protection flameproof enclosure (EN 60079-1) are used. A breathing device is defined as a device which permits an exchange between the atmosphere within an ...

The coastal lakes of the Romanian Black Sea shore comprise significant ecosystems, characterized by marine, brackish and freshwater assemblages. Therefore, these lakes may be seen as biodiversity huge reservoirs and natural bio-filters. They offer natural resources linked to their high biological production and productivity. This paper is presenting the current research state in the field of quality assessment of the aquatic ecosystems, with special regards to the lakes occurring in the southern Romanian Black Sea...

Wastewater treatment plants produce large quantities of sludge. Sludge originates from different stages of treatment and typically contains elevated levels of heavy metals, a large number of organic compounds and potentially pathogenic organisms. Considering the recent increased environmental concern, the authorities and the water utilities are facing strong demands for the safe disposal of the sludge. A good management plan regarding water treatment residuals should take into consideration the following aspects: ...

In the context of global confrontations in which international energy markets are in a complex transition period, on several dimensions: technological, climate, geopolitical and economic, the energy sector is the biggest challenge and concern, not just at European level, but also globally with profound influences on the competitiveness of the economy, the quality of life and the environment. The current legislative framework in Romania on energy sources encompasses the transposition and implementation of European ...

Nowadays, various climate data sources offer free-access information regarding interpolated climatological data, used in forest research studies (dendroecology and dendroclimatology). The most utilised are the international data grids, for reasons of length of time series and offboard coverage. Changes in the climate extremes from the last decades are frequently monitored using global climate gridded datasets (we used CRU-TS and E-OBS). Our study evaluates their accuracy relative to the national data grid (ROCADA)...

Particulate matter are microscopic matter suspended in the atmosphere originating from natural and man-made sources, ranging from wildfires to a variety of industrial activities, including transportation. In our research we looked at the impact of particulate matter on the environment and on human health with the focus on contribution to production and spreading of particulate matter by aviation activities. In the first step current state of research was examined. Available data was summarized on the occurrence an...

The electro-dialysis of copper chloride we conducted for electroplating of copper from copper chloride solutions. The concentrations of copper chloride were varied for each test (0.95g/L, 1.51 g/L and 4.51g/L). While other factors were controlled (current for each test was 0.45 A, each test was ran for 10 hours, the feed flow rate and the temperature of the make-up feed was kept constant. It was ensured that the process took place in acidic conditions. The membrane used was a microfiltration synthesized from polyv...

Observations were made on the apple fruit tree orchards belonging to S.A. Loturi Service S.R.L. Delesti, Vaslui County, during the period 2017-2018 from May to August. For this, observations were made periodically on the field, and samples were also collected using soil traps type Barber, which were then analyzed in the laboratory. Barber traps were represented by 6 pots with a total volume of 600 ml, in which we used as a preservative liquid a salt solution with 4% concentration and these traps were placed at gro...

The activity of S.C. Agrobirkenbach SRL started in 2010, following the lease of an area of 183 ha. In the following years, arable land was added in the same area, both in the form of lease and purchase, reaching an area of 831.68 ha in 2015. Out of this area, 80 ha are owned by the company and the difference of 751.68 ha is held as a lease. The present paper aims to make a contribution through the use of modern technologies to the optimisation of area monitoring (lands cultivated with different crops). The agricul...

The article is devoted to the problems of managing master programs in the field of economics and management. The theoretical and empirical analysis made it possible to conclude that the existing masters programs in economics and management do not fully meet the modern requirements of the business environment, including geology, exploration and mining enterprises. The key factors that influence the gap between the competencies formed by graduates of programs and those demanded by the business environment are identi...

Diagnostics and control of the hydro-technical construction state are the most important actions at the system of safety keeping with exploiting high-pressure dams. Considered in the paper stress-strain control system is attributed to special one in exploiting period. That system is non-traditional for hydro-technical constructions. It is aimed at specifying model calculations of stress-strain state of constructions, defining peculiarities of its deformation and can be used to enlarge the monitoring system at plac...

The ecological aspect of an office building can be observed mainly in the microclimate of its rooms. In the recent years, there is a growing interest in sustainable construction, especially in terms of the amount of fuel needed to heat buildings. This predominantly concerns commercial office buildings in which the achievement of an adequate standard and inner climate of rooms is often the most important criterion for the customer renting the premises. The costs borne by potential tenants, the owners of the buildin...

The adverse effects of nutrient enrichment of surface waters, ?aquatic eutrophication?, have been identified as a major environmental issue at national and international levels. A range of statutory and international commitments, including EC Directives, the OSPAR Convention and the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, requires action to be taken to address the threats to the quality, ecology and uses of our waters. However, while these initiatives are helpful in controlling eutrophication, each addresses certain parts of...

The emergence and development of the automotive market for electric vehicles to the detriment of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines has generated a series of controversies regarding the environmental pollution. In response to the development of the electric vehicle and the increasingly restrictive pollution standards, manufacturers of classic cars have designed cars with increasingly lower emissions of toxic gases. The electric vehicle emerged from the need to minimize air pollution in major cities an...

Digitalization and industry 4.0 are considered as two of the most current trends in digital transformation of economy. The service-based model is mainly focused on increasing customer value (demand-pull), while Industry 4.0 is often seen in the context of value added to production process (technology-push). Although some scientists view them as complementary concepts, there are currently no characteristics of relationship between these two trends. Thus, it is necessary to develop a conceptual framework that combin...

One of the most abundant renewable resources with a great potential as raw materials for production of fuels and bulk chemicals are carbohydrates derived from biomass. Among these, esters levulinates have been widely used as solvents and plasticizers in food industry or as fuels additives for transportation. The direct synthesis of methyl levulinate from fructose over solid superacid SO42?/TiO2-La2O3 catalyst was investigated in this study. The influence of different reaction parameters such as reaction temperatur...

Atmospheric air is the primary component used in air separation plants. Wet air is a mixture of dry air particles and vaporous water particles, a mixture in which the components do not chemically interact and are thought to be approximately perfect gases. Atmospheric air to be processed in a separation unit needs to be cleaned of all impurities that can cause damages in the main components of the plant. The hazardous impurities that can be found in the atmospheric air used to generate oxygen, nitrogen and rare gas...

This paper presents a two-level stochastic scheduling tool. The proposed tool determines the optimal location and size of different schedules through a long-term scheduling as well as the optimal operation strategy for schedules through a short-term scheduling. The proposed scheduling tool considers distributed resources, physical and operational constraints, and blocks as candidates for the extraction. One of the key characteristics of the introduced scheduling is its ability to tackle the two schedules through s...

Metallurgy is currently faced with difficulties due to the depletion of easily processed mineral raw materials. Thus, the development of new technologies for processing of low-grade sulfide ores and substandard concentrates is an urgent task. Biohydrometallurgical methods based on the activity of acidophilic microorganisms can be used to extract metals from different sulfide concentrates including arsenic-containing. The treatment of these products using pyrometallurgical technologies poses a problem due to the lo...

Sulfide ore processing is characterized by significant losses of non-ferrous and precious metals into various wastes including flotation tailings, which is presently considered as promising source of different metals along with low grade ores. Old flotation tailings, which have been accumulated in significant quantities during the exploration of some mineral deposits, usually contain a wide range of minerals, including sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite), sulfates, hydroxides, hydroxysulfates, etc. Thus, s...

Core analysis is obligatory when developing mineral deposits or estimating reserves. Coring is always accompanied by taking photographs of the samples. Today, these photographs can also be used for additional research. For example, it is possible to extract information about the optical porosity from photogrammetric data, carry out an automated lithological classification or determine other physical and chemical characteristics of rocks within the sampling interval. Photogrammetric imaging result is a digitally un...

Increasing production scale and demand highlights the necessity of industrial waste water purification. Such water, except for harmful impurities that pollute environment ecologically, contain substances whose return into the production cycle makes the production process more economical. From this point of view, purification and concentration of water generated after the regeneration of cationites used in the process of water treatment, is more relevant. Lot of productions, such as energy, electronic, radio techno...