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It is advisable to conduct mining operations in the conditions of the ultimate state of the opened massif with an increase in the pit wall slope angles below the limit of effective use of combined motor-conveyor transport in the cleaning-up zone of deep and ultradeep open pit mines to the final depth. Such a design of the pit walls is achieved when mining benches from top to bottom within the boundaries of steep-slope layers with the use of in-bench loaders in the cleaning-up zone. The conditions for the occurrenc...

Disasters and extreme weather events currently have a growing tendency in the frequency of occurrence and also in the severity of the impacts. The main cause is climate change, the manifestations of which will become more and more extreme. The costs of dealing with natural disasters and the consequences of extreme weather events in terms of loss of life and damage to social, economic and environmental assets are expected to become increasingly high. The current situation therefore requires a prompt reaction and a ...

Conveyance of goods and travelling of persons through the tunnels of mines or subway is done on railways of narrow or normal gauge. In interventions in case of accidents, hydraulically operated installations with small dimensions are used for lifting and rerailing the derailed rolling stock. They include hydraulic jacks (double or single acting hydraulic cylinders), supplied with low flow rates at high pressures. Feeding of hydraulic cylinders for lifting and relocating the derailed rolling stock is usually done b...

The evaluation of radioactivity levels was performed on milk samples collected biannually for a period of 10 years (2012-2021) from two Central Romanian counties, Sibiu and Alba. The radioactivity concentrations in milk samples originated from Sibiu varied from 0.028-0.001 Bq/L to 0.347-0.017 Bq/L, from 24.017-0.977 Bq/L to 65.403-6.281 Bq/L, from 0.090-0.010 Bq/L to 0.110-0.010 Bq/L, from 0.085 to 0.110 Bq/L, for gross alpha, gross beta, 137Cs and 90Sr, respectively. The radioactivity concentrations in milk sampl...

Uranium mining companies of Kazakhstan during 15 years increased production of uranium more than 15 times using in-situ recovery of uranium (ISR). At the same time a significant part of uranium deposits contains gold, silver, palladium and rare metals like rhenium, germanium, scandium and et`s. The task was set for the complex extraction of associated metals from technological solutions of a uranium mine. Work was carried out to select and study samples of productive solutions and leaching solutions at one of the ...

In this article, the authors analyzed the importance of recycling and reusing components in hydraulic drive equipment in line with the principles of the circular economy. The circular economy is also based on the principle of 3R, Reduction, Reuse, Recycling and attempts are being made to implement this principle in all areas, in order to protect existing resources, which are limited. Unlike the economy of consumer goods where in time was used the principle of linear economy, where after manufacture and consumption...

Currently, the most common way of transporting medical products, such as blood, blood products, vaccines, and medicines, is air and land transport. Using helicopters and cars to transport the needed products is expensive and generate relatively high air and noise pollution compared to the drone delivery. This article considers the problem of air pollution occurring during standard aerial and car transport of medical products, with particular emphasis on solution used in African countries. The article presents the ...

The unique lure of the America Cup Yachting race and the generous (read lavish) resources allocated to the research of the best ratio between design and performance in its history-loaded J-Class have defined some of the most spectacular ocean ships of the last hundred years. As a software modelling experiment, we have chosen to re-imagine an engineering journey, by redrawing with contemporary tools a graceful design of the 1930s: the Ranger F yacht that became the Lionheart vessel in 2010, after more than seven de...

The link between precipitation, drought indices, and NDVI is discussed in this paper. The data were processed on the example of the extreme eastern region of GeorgiaKakheti for the period 2016-2020. The study area has landscapes of natural (mixed and deciduous forests) and agriculture (vineyards, orchards, cereals, and vegetables). The NDVI was generated using Sentinel 2 images with a 10 m pixel resolution, and the average monthly NDVI was derived using Arc map 10.8. Drought indices (SPI and SPEI) were calculated ...

The purpose of this article is to assess the quality of soil and water environmental factors in some protected areas in Romania both to establish geochemical threshold values and to highlight anthropogenic pressures where they have been identified. The activities carried out are defined spatially and temporally so that the results obtained include seasonal variations and other influencing factors that have a variability on a temporal and spatial scale. Each protected area introduced in the study was well documente...

The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renovation and reconstruction are two of the main strategies to mitigate the energy use of existing building heritage and take action at the urban scale. Starting from GIS data concerning an Italian case study of the second half of the 20th century, a scenario-based analysis approach was taken to evaluate the energy savings of seven different renovation and reconstruction scenarios. The proposed meth...

Public procurement is the acquisition of products and services needed for the public sector and involves significant public budget resources. Incorporating environmental requirements into public procurement promotes both the goals of sustainable development and the principles of the circular economy. Green public procurement practices are becoming increasingly important, not only in the world, but also in Latvia. Therefore, in 2017, the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030 was approved, which envisages the development...

For the period 2011-2021, 231 fish species from 18 families were established in protected area BG0000271 -Mandra-Poda-, 345 fish species from 7 families in protected area BG0001502 -Otmanli- and 169 species from 11 families in a protected area BG0000242 -Chengene skele Bay-. One hundred eighty-seven of the species were freshwater, 256 were typical marine fish species, and the other one hundred and fifteen were anadromous and brackish species. Protected species are Rhodeus amarus, Cobitis taenia, Chalcalburnus chal...

The article deals with the research of thermal insulation properties of thin-layer insulating material made of hollow glass-ceramic microspheres in relation to technical building installations. Until now, there has been a lack of scientific studies describing the effectiveness of thermal insulation properties of thin-layer insulation materials on distribution systems or technical equipment. In this particular case, the insulation material was applied in a two-millimeter layer to a heat storage tank and the heat lo...

Both domestic and wild rabbits are susceptible to an increased number of parasites, however, only few are of economic importance. The aim of this study was to identify the endoparasite species present in domestic and wild leporidae from Caras-Severin county, between April 2021 and March 2022. A total of 157 leporids, 111 domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and 46 wild rabbits (Lepus europaeus) were included in the study. The rabbits were grouped into three age categories: 4 months, 4 months - 1.6 years, 1.6 y...

Managing emergencies is a complex task, which involves precise coordination of many activities and people, as well as fast decision-making in environments in which critical, vital information can often be lacking. From a technical and technological point of view, in spite of all advances encountered in most industrial branches, accidents with human casualties and material damage can still occur. For this reason, the presence of special intervention and rescue teams within certain industrial/ economic units is esse...

In recent years, the development of resistance to various antibiotics frequently used in veterinary practice has been observed. The cause seems to be the excessive use of antibiotics without doing an antibiogram. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of different garlic extracts on Salmonella strains isolated from dogs. The research was carried out on a number of 19 strains of Salmonella spp. isolated from fecal samples from dogs. Salmonella spp is a bacterium with zoonotic risk. Differ...

The storage of explosives and pyrotechnic articles must be carried out in complete safety conditions and only in storage facilities (depots) arranged and authorized for this purpose. The legislation in force has strict provisions on the rules of explosive & pyrotechnics storage, handling and access in the storage facilities. Failure to comply with certain provisions of the law in the product safety data sheet prepared by the manufacturer may lead to the generation of hazardous situations which may result in very s...

Ammonium nitrate used as fertilizer is classified, according to Orangebook, as a hazardous substance in Class 5 Division 1 (5.1), oxidizing substances. Although, under fire conditions, ammonium nitrate burns in certain situations, the transition from combustion to detonation can occur. Such accidents have occurred in several countries, with significant quantities, including in Romania. Such catastrophic scenarios can occur in the case of nitrogen-based chemical fertilizers, in which case the manufacturing recipe (...

The significance of organic plant growth stimulants, in the development of sustainable agriculture and increasing the fertility of degraded soils has sparked the interest of scientists and practitioners working in the field of agriculture in recent decades. On the world market, there are numerous plant growth biostimulants of various origins and compositions, as well as numerous research analyzing their impacts and roles. The study aimed to determine the novel biological activity of the new Georgian biostimulants ...

Reservoir sedimentation is the gradual accumulation of the incoming sediment load from a river. With the increasing inappropriate usage of agricultural land, the amount of sediment is becoming larger due to erosion. This undesired outcome is supported by changing hydrological and climatological conditions within a river basin. Climate change has wide effects on all processes within the water cycle, which directly affects water resources. Water management in the future must be adapted for oncoming extremes accompan...

Biomass is extensively accepted as one of the main potential sources for sustainable and renewable generation of fuels, chemicals and other carbon-based materials. Many advantages are reported using biomass as an energy source, such as being a non-polluting alternative and its carbon neutrality. Numerous processes can be used to convert biomass, and namely the pyrolysis process is a renewable, economical, and efficient way to produce chemicals and/or energy. Therefore, pyrolysis is an available technology for biom...

The forest industry is an important sector of the economy of many countries, because the timber grown in it can be used for achieving various economic goals, including increasing added value and exports. However, the social functions of forestry: rural employment and the availability of forests, in the form of various ecosystem services, are also important to the public. Forests are home to various protected species, and forest biotopes, biotopes associated with forests as well as the biodiversity of forests play ...

Global climate changes, sea level rising, storm activity intensification, and increasing anthropogenic pressure are causing the activation of destructive processes along the coasts of the World Ocean. The corresponding processes are appeared at the most dangerous rates within the coastal barriers. Within the Black Sea, the total length of coastal barriers is 990 km, 703 km of which are within Ukraine. Corresponding barriers develop in conditions of active wave action and a general deficit of sediments. The maximum...

Currently, one of the main problems in the extraction of useful minerals in term of environment is their transport in quarries. With the requirements to reduce the noise of the belt conveyor track, we were looking for a suitable solution to reduce it. So, we started thinking about attaching rollers made of a material other than steel. The final solution was to insert classic rollers in polyurethane beds called suspension cartridge - which are roller holders made of polyurethane and reinforced with a steel liner to...

In contemporary architecture, glass is one of the most popular materials and considered a fundamental source for natural lighting. However, the advantage of high light transmittance has shortcomings: Intense solar radiation affects the energy balance and the well-being in indoor spaces with inadequate cooling. Vertical greenery systems (VGS) can contribute to an improvement of indoor climatic conditions behind glazed facades through natural shading and cooling of the surroundings. Natural light input is only parti...

Among the support activities of any waste management actions, the optimal logistics processes are essential to assure time and cost-effective recycling scheme. Companies are recognizing that reverse logistics is a component of the total logistics management process that is growing in importance. Reverse logistics services are part of a trend toward incorporating environmental concerns into business philosophy and everyday business operation of manufacturing firms. An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a set ...

The installation and maintenance of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive environments requires specific knowledge and qualifications for the personnel who commissions and subsequently maintain such equipment. When installing and maintaining electrical equipment, situations may arise which may in turn lead to an unacceptable level of risk with regarding to the activation of ignition sources of potentially explosive atmospheres in their immediate vicinity, due to the failure to comply the principles o...

In the context of adaptation of the water resources sector to climate change, water reuse is widely proposed and encouraged especially in arid and semi-arid areas like the Middle East. We consider riverbank filtration (RBF) an appropriate technology that efficiently and dependably procure quality water from Zarqa River thus making a contribution to protect Jordan-s remaining surface and ground water resources. The river is contaminated with treated domestic and industrial wastewater principally from the city of Am...

By product is broadly understood as a product obtained in a usually industrial or biological process in addition to the main product for which the process is carried out. The main challenge addressed to humanity as well as productive ecosystems, regardless of the form of terrestrial or aquatic substrate, is to cope with the rapid rate of growth of the planet's population. The demographic growth of the planet must be in balance with the maintenance of the environment and also with climatic shifts. By-products are o...

The energy crisis triggered globally in the last quarter of 2021, forced Romania to go through a winter with liberalized electricity and gas prices, a period unprecedented in terms of consumer prices, accentuated by the result of closing energy targets that coalfired operations as a result of the imposition of EU conditions for the restructuring of the mining and energy sector. The year before, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic, with restrictions imposed, produced a decrease in electricity demand, a decline in coal-fire...

Renewable energy plays a fundamental role for the Green Deal and for achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. EU Directive on renewable energy revised confirms the community block objective of obtaining 38-40% of energy from renewable sources by 2030, doubling the share of solar, wind and other renewables in Europe's energy mix by the end of the decade. The European Commission recommended that Romania increase the share of energy from renewable sources used for the year 2030 to at least 34% in a future analysis. Roman...

People hear about disasters that affect the whole world daily from various media sources. These disasters include natural disasters, disasters caused by mankind or a combination of the two. This includes the war that is happening in Ukraine. Many disasters can cause a fire to occur in buildings. With any fire in a building, a safe evacuation of people must be ensured. Thus, it is important to design buildings so that when people are evacuating, they are safe. Escape routes must ensure that all people can get to a ...

The economic results of many dynamically developing European countries largely depend on the availability of mineral raw materials. For this reason, securing their supplies from import must be supported by a committed foreign policy as well as a sustainable raw materials policy in the field of their obtaining from domestic sources, both from mineral deposits, as well as secondary and waste sources. Raw material security must be based on the diversification of supply sources and minimizing supply risks. The results...

Underground mining remains one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, and coalmining is known for its high accident rates. In this paper we aim to present an overview of safety in the extractive industry and we will present statistics on known accidents. The repeated occurrence of explosions in underground mining raises questions about the measures taken to prevent their occurrence. Hazard identification and risk analysis are necessary to identify adverse events that may lead to a hazardous situation, to ...

Wastewater treatment and desalination are considered important solutions to meet the water scarcity in Jordan. The irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, that usually has elevated salinity levels, may adversely change soil structure, stability, and hydraulic properties. Water traditional desalination techniques require huge energy and capital investments. Zeolites in normal and nano scales enhance the desalination process performance and reduce its economic and energy requirements. In this study, batch experiments ...

Surfactants produced by microorganisms, known as biosurfactants, have recently found wide application in the industry, from cosmetology to oil processing. Biosurfactants are more tolerant to extreme environmental conditions and less hazardous for the environment as compared with their chemical analogues. Despite on the fact that many biosurfactant producers have been recently isolated and described, the challenge to explore new producers still remains very urgent. In the present study, the isolates obtained from r...

The grass of the grasslands is the most accessible source of food for herbivores during a significant period of a year. The knowledge of the floristic composition of grasslands reflects the current state and is an essential element in determining the load of animals. This paper is a case study and aims to inventory the species participating in the grass cover near some localities in Western Romania. Vegetation surveys were made in March, June and the first quarter of October. The study method by which the vegetati...

The intensive development of remote sensing in the marine environment provides excellent bathymetric and substrate mapping opportunities on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The Bay of Chernomorets is a perfect opportunity to combine data from single-beam sonar, multi-beam sounding and drone imaging for the purpose of seabedforms and substrate mapping. This paper presents the second stages activity of the Project -Multidisciplinary study of Burgas Bay - MidBay. (Composition of a detailed digital model of the...

Nowadays, remote sensing techniques play an important role in the rapid acquisition of a large amount of spatial environmental data. The development of sensors in the last decade has led to the development of Earth observation satellite missions, e.g., Sentinel, PlanetScope. Numerous machine learning and deep learning methods are used in nowadays research to classify satellite imagery to enable rapid environmental mapping (e.g., land cover and land use, water bodies). Posidonia oceanica is considered the most impo...

This article deals with the use of the principles of fractal geometry applicable in the field of cryptographic security of communication within information systems. The theory of the proposed solution is based on the field of iterative fractals created using the TEA (Time Escape Algorithm) algorithm. The introductory part deals with the issue of choosing a suitable category of fractals for the purpose of securing information systems. The next part deals with the issue of generation, analysis of fractal structures,...

-he space-time distribution of earthquakes is of substantial importance for understanding the physics of the earthquake generation process. Earthquakes can be analyzed as a time series of events that result from the released strain in the earth's crust. The study of the space-time distribution of earthquakes using statistical methods reveals many of their characteristics. Sequences of seismic events affect both spatial and time distribution of earthquakes. It is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of...

Cryogenic energy storage (CES) is a large-scale energy storage technology that stores electricity in the form of liquefied gas at cryogenic temperatures. The CES system has three sub-processes, namely, charging or liquefaction, storage, discharging or power cycle. Because the main energy costs in this system are related to the liquefaction module, we will focus on the analysis of liquefaction processes. The present work aims at performing a comparative study between cycles commonly used for the liquefaction of air...

Gluten is present in a variety of foods consumed in everyday life, and due to its dominant presence in the diet, over the years an increasing number of people have started to develop intolerance to it, often causing allergies, sensitivity or coeliac disease. The main objective of this study was to develop a gluten-free product that meets high quality standards to satisfy the consumer. In order to achieve the objective, a product based on almond flour, rice flour with added cranberry powder with high nutritional va...

A designed protection system should not fail once or under a small number of hits. Tests to assess ballistic protection are expensive and numerous. The simulations support engineers in limiting the number and complexity of impact tests. This paper discusses the failure mechanisms and simulated impact phases between a bullet (similar to 9 mm FMJ) and a panel made of 8-layers, 12-layers and 16-layers, at two impact velocities, 373 m/s and 420 m/s. respectively. The 8-layers and 16-layers simulations are compared to ...

Romania-s physical-geographical and lithological complexity creates a great diversity of climatic and pedological conditions, which determines the richness of the types of ecosystems and habitats, as well as the presence of five biogeographical regions, including the Alpine bioregion. In Romania this biogeographical region includes both Carpathians peaks and coniferous and mixed forests of the Carpathians, but also the intermountain depressions and higher hills along the mountain chain. Various mountains are home ...

The paper presents issues regarding uncertainty involved in the test process to ignition of small components for intrinsically safe equipment. In the first part of the paper, the classification of explosion-protected equipment is presented. In power generation and also in other industrial areas, the incidence of flammable substances is a common factor. As a consequence of this, the risk of explosion may arise. On the other hand, installations located in areas endangered by the presence of flammable substances must...

Forest fires cause major damage to human habitats and forest ecosystems. Early detection may prevent serious consequences of fast fire spread. Although there are many smoke detection algorithms employed by various optical remote sensing systems, there is still a major misdetection of images containing fog. Fog exhibits similar visual characteristics to smoke. Furthermore, when monitoring dense forests many smoke detection algorithms would fail in robust recognition due to fog covering the trees at dawn. There have...

Decarbonising the EU-s energy system is crucial to reach the 2030 climate objectives and the EU-s long-term strategy of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Based on these Green Deal goals and the current energy situation in Europe, it is highly important to focus on biofuel energy sources. Our research deals with the behaviour of households in the Czech Republic and changes in their consumption habits in the last decades. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the development of the consumption of biofuels by...

One of the major themes of sustainable urban development is adaptation to climate change through the protection, maintenance of existing and creation of new green spaces. In the design areas of the municipal master plan, green spaces are designated for specific ecosystem services, which can be divided into 4 basic categories of regulating, cultural, productive, and supporting services related to biodiversity. Thus, green spaces affect human well-being and can serve as a benchmark to assess the quality of human lif...