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Mycotoxins are agents with different and complex chemical structures, with toxic effects for humans and animals. They can be present in feed and food, although in very small quantities, mycotoxins have a negative effect on the health of animals and people. Ochratoxins are mycotoxins intensively studied in recent years due to their toxicity on the animal and human body; these toxins show nephrotoxic, immunotoxic and myelotoxic, neurotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Thirty male rats of the Sprague- Dawley breed were ...

A genuine and urgent need is to prevent and treat bacterial diseases primarily caused by germs that have developed antibiotic resistance. These factors led to several studies focusing on alternate or supplementary antimicrobial methods. With the expectation that, unlike antibiotics, they will be effective without causing resistance, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in antimicrobial substances made from natural resources, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and peptides. The present study invest...

CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems of prokaryotes have been identified in 42% of bacteria and 85% of archaea [1] and are actively used in genetic engineering. However, in nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria required for agriculture, these systems are very poorly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genomes of 39 isolates of alfalfa nodule bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti recovered from soil samples from Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, which belong to the Centra...

This article presents a study focused on animal activity recognition using a combination of IoT devices and signal processing techniques. The study involves collecting data from IoT devices placed on the cow's neck, which are equipped with an accelerometer and gyroscope, along with a synchronized video camera. The objective is to accurately recognize and classify four key activities exhibited by the cow. To prepare the collected signals for analysis, various signal processing techniques are applied. This includes ...

Nodule bacteria increase the resistance of host plants to abiotic stress factors; however, the role of the genetic potential of rhizobia in the formation of productive salt-tolerant plant-microbial symbiosis remains underestimated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pool of genes responsible for the salt tolerance of the alfalfa microsymbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti, using the DNA microarray technique, phenotype microarray (PM), NGS and NNGS-technologies and genome mining (antismash 5.0). As a result of the ...

In any terrestrial area, but especially in the case of mountainous areas, the spatial distribution of vegetation is conditioned by a series of natural factors such as relief, climatic factors or soils. From another point of view, the distribution of vegetation is different, depending on the phenophases, implicitly on the observation period, during the growing season. In this context, the aim of the work was to analyze the vegetation coverage of the grasslands in the Poiana Rusca Mountains, by applying the Normaliz...

Reusing and recirculating the water in which aquatic organisms are cultivated is a crucial goal in improving the sustainability of aquaculture. As a result, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have become increasingly popular recently as a means of raising various fish species, including sturgeons. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and a sturgeon hybrid (a cross between male A. gueldenstaedtii and female A. ruthenus) were reared in a RAS, and their growth was monitored during the first 6 months of their life. The a...

This research aimed to determine the occurrence of different Staphylococcus spp., in three types of Romanian traditional cheeses made of raw milk, and to establish their antimicrobial resistance profile. Additionally, we have also screened the biofilm forming capacity of the S. aureus isolates. Thus, 25 samples (cow telemea n = 10, sheep telemea n = 5, and cow ca? n = 10) were collected from local small producers that sell in urban fresh markets in Timi? county. A total of 64% (16/25) of the examined samples were ...

In the current context, in which the European Union, through various projects, requires the reduction of the consumption of pesticides it is necessary to investigate some different products to control the Phytophthora infestans potato blight, biological ones, that have the role of improving the structure and health of the soil, avoiding contamination of it but also of groundwater with synthetic active substances. Potato production is diminished by the presence of weeds, pathogens and pests. One of the most importa...

Rapeseed meal is a valuable source of protein for animals feeding. It can be used as an alternative to soybean meal in the mixtures of combined feeds intended for farm animals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition of the rapeseed meal intended for use in the feeding of monogastric livestock. 70 samples of rapeseed meal arrived at the Laboratory of Chemical Analyses for Animal Nutrition, were analysed. The following values were obtained for the main nutritional co...

Animal-origin glues are adhesives made by boiling animal tissues for a long time, and from the chemical point of view they are gelatinous and albuminoid protein substances bearing different names. The most frequently used are gelatins. They are extracted from raw animal hide residues, from cartilages, tendons, and from the gelatinous matter extracted from bones, on which the name and quality of gelatin depends. The gelatin extracted from unhaired hide waste/pelt waste resulting from unhairing bovine hide from tann...

The horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a root vegetable that belongs to the botanical family Brassicaceae and due to the high content of bioactive compounds, it has of great interest in many biotechnological fields. The high content of polyphenols, phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and detoxification enzymes makes horseradish to have a great antioxidant potential and positive effects on the health, being used from ancient times as medicinal plant. The abundance of minerals, vitamins and dietary fibre make horseradi...

The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reprod...

21 strains of E. coli isolated from wild partridge birds - P. Perdix from the western part of Romania were studied. Through laboratory examination, the phenotypic characters of the isolated E. coli strains were highlighted. 21/70 (30%) of E. coli strains isolated from Perdix perdix fixed Congo Red, all isolated strains fermented lactose 21/21 (100%). Hemolytic activity was highlighted in a single strain of E. coli 1/21 (0.21%). The final identification of E. coli strains isolated from wild birds was done using the...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical, chemical and rhelogical characteristics of vegetable milk of soybean (soymilk homemade prepared, and some types of soymilk purchased from Romanian supermarkets). Soymilk is an alternative to dairy products and it has long been a traditional drink in China, Japan and other parts of Asia. The soybean (Glycine max) is the most important bean in the world, providing a wide range of vegetable proteins. Soybean is an important source of many bioactive compounds, w...

Vegan alternatives to cheeses are in growing demand in European markets as more and more people are either lactose intolerant or switching to a plant-based diet. When the consumer chooses to buy a vegan cheese, his expectations are that the vegan product has the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics as similar as possible to those of conventional cheeses. This work aimed to obtain two variants of vegan alternative to cheese, using coconut milk as the raw material: one with the addition of white pepper and g...

In recent years, consumers, including domestic meat consumers, have been looking for new products with high biological and nutritional value, plus flavour. Consumer concern for a healthy diet has led to increased demand for low-fat, low-cholesterol products, coupled with growing interest in returning to traditional products as an option to advanced processing. Game meat could meet consumer needs and requirements as an alternative to meat from domestic animals, with the following recommendations: 1. low fat content...

Aphids have grown significantly both in number of species and in number of individuals in populations, especially in green spaces in urban environments. By feeding, they affect the plants in the structure of the ecosystem at the foliar and floral level, therefore it is necessary to manage them so that they are numerically reduced but at the same time to avoid the application of pesticides. Through this work, 2 ways of management were tried for 5 months (April-August): by exploiting existing natural enemies and by ...

This paper aims to synthesize in a logical and coherent approach the main control techniques used in managing and combating food fraud, as well as to discuss their effectiveness. Given the impact that food fraud can have on consumers' health and well-being, anti- fraud control techniques used throughout the food chain are an important and relevant topic, still insufficiently addressed and accepted in the relevant economic environment. The objectives of the article include presenting the current context of food fra...

Copper has a fantastic role in the organism, indifferent if its mammalian, plant, bacteria or yeast, functioning as a cofactor in enzymes involved in various processes. In agriculture, different copper compounds are used as fungicide to protect plants from fungal diseases. In humans the role of copper is also crucial, as it is an essential trace element being involved in many processes as well as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, iron metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis, playin...

Since the inception of modern plant breeding, especially with the discovery of heterosis and the development of hybrids, which are known for their ability to enhance crop yields, plant breeders have consistently strived to advance and identify an efficient method for developing inbred lines. In this endeavor, breeders have encountered various challenges, including the complexity of requiring multiple generations to develop inbred lines and the struggle to find effective ways to optimize this process. In our resear...

The multiple therapeutic properties of Chelidonium majus are known and well documented in the bibliography, being used for a long time in Chinese homeopathic medicine [1]. At the level of the skin, in traditional folk medicine, C. majus is used to treat warts, condylomas, and papillae, which are due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections [2, 3]. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the potential antitumor effects of C. majus extracts on human melanoma cells - A375 - and to evaluate it in terms of...

Intercropping increases biodiversity in vegetable fields. It affects both above-ground and soil communities. The aim of the research was to study and analyze the soil microbiological and enzymatic activity in intercropping of cabbage with leek, green bean, tagetes, flower mix, and dill. The studies were carried out in two directions: 1) of microflora, as a sensitive indicator of the microbiological status of soils; 2) enzyme research, such as functional characterization and expression of microbial activity. Soil b...

The extrusion process is recognized as the most versatile processing technology, and it can be used to produce food with higher nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities. The extrusion process involves forcing a mixture of ingredients through a small die under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and shear. This review highlights the main effects of the process parameters (feed rate, feed moisture, screw speed, barrel temperature, raw material characteristics, etc.) and system parameters (specific ...

In the western part of Romania, Helicoverpa armigera larvae cause significant damage to several types of agricultural and horticultural crops leading to considerable economic losses, so the purpose of this paper was the use of some ecofrendly agricultural practices, namely the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms. The field experiment was conducted at the Research farm of West Land Company SRL, Jimbolia, (Timis County). The trial was laid out during 2022 vegetation season, in randomized block design with seven t...

Recent years have seen an increase in microbial resistance, which has led to great challenges for the medical community in terms of treating diseases and the food industry in terms of contamination and the loss of shelf life. This research aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Elettaria cardamomum against the following reference strains: Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Pseudomonas aerugi...

Chamomile flower, a well-known medicinal plant, possesses significant antioxidant properties attributed to its diverse array of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant proteins. These proteins are vital in combating oxidative stress and neutralizing harmful free radicals. To fully harness the antioxidant potential of chamomile, it is imperative to optimize the extraction methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nonconventional mechanical extraction methods using ultrasound to extract antioxidant compo...

The current orientation towards a healthy, calorie-free, high nutritional diet requires the identification and study of new ingredients with high nutritional properties, which introduced into the bread consumed daily, contribute to a suitable diet both for people with special diet needs and for healthy people. In this regard, the use of vegetal matrices such as konjac flour and psyllium bran in the bakery products represents a new idea that could be implemented in the food industry in order to diversify the range ...

The technology for producing gluten-free products based on grains flour continues to improve, which appreciably increases the nutritional importance of these products and expands the assortment of inexpensive gluten-free food products of domestic production. The aim of the addressed topic was to characterize the mineral composition and total antioxidant capacity of millet, flax and buckwheat flours and to identify some potential characteristics to help create healthier products with specific fingerprints. The case...

Increasing resistance of microorganisms to conventional drugs has required scientists to discover new sources of biocides with a broad spectrum of action. Since ancient times, plants and plant derivatives such as essential oils have been used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts (leaves and stem) of Thymus pulegioides were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria, Gram+ bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes...

Different oleogels were obtained from olive oil (OL), grape seed oil (GO), sunflower oil (SO), walnut oil (WO) and hemp oil (HO) using carnauba wax as a gelling at different concentrations of 5%, 7%, and 9% (w/w). The physical characteristics of the oleogels obtained, such as oil binding capacity (OBC), peroxide index (IP) and color, were determined. From a structural point of view, the oleogels were further investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that a higher concentration o...

Waste from the food industry is of considerable value and is a valuable raw material, containing proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, etc. Large quantities of fruit kernels are currently wasted every year from processing plants all over the world, including Romania. This not only means the loss of a potentially valuable resource, but also creates serious problems regarding their storage and logistics in terms of environmental pollution. In order to value such by-products, the aim of this work was to study an...

The main aim of the paper was to obtain a chicken meat pate in which different proportions of goji berries were added in order to increase its functionality and protect it against lipid oxidation. The biofunctional properties of goji berries were initially evaluated by determining total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The values obtained allowed estimation of the amount of goji fruit that could successfully replace the synthetic antioxid...

The oil obtained from linoleic sunflower hybrids grown mainly by Romanian farmers shows a low oxidation stability. In the period 2021-2023, high oleic and high oleic high stearic sunflower hybrids were cultivated experimentally in the western part of Romania. A good climatic and pedological adaptability was observed both in the intensive conventional culture and in the biologic one. The fatty acid profile showed the same characteristics. The oil obtained from linoleic sunflower hybrids grown mainly by Romanian far...

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as horse radish tree or drumstick tree is a perennial multipurpose tropical tree. It can be used as medicine, cosmetic and functional food, among others. The benefits of using the leaves are ascribed to the presence of a number of antioxidants. Nowadays it is widely cultivated and naturalized in many countries. Simple methods to extract antioxidants from Moringa leaf are lacking, which were established, stability of antioxidants was assessed, and residue left after extraction was e...

The issue of food security, in the face of threats as resource scarcity, climate change, population growth, pollution etc confronts the agri-food systems all over the world with the challenge of pursuing resilience and sustainability. Western populations do not currently experience food shortages, but others do not have enough food available and some others suffer from hunger. Besides, a topic gaining much attention is the malnutrition condition of the global population. International research present fortificatio...

The continuous rise in global population necessitates the prediction of food resources, among which milk stands out as one of the staples. Dairy farms and processing plants need to know how much milk they will have available to manage their storage and processing capacities efficiently. Overestimating production can lead to wastage, while underestimating can lead to shortages. Knowing the expected milk quantity helps in planning the transportation, processing, and distribution of milk and milk products. This study...

The aim of the study was to characterize the gelling effect of candelilla wax (DW) using different types of cold-pressed vegetable oil (sunflower oil, olive oil, walnut oil, grape seed oil and hemp seed oil). The structuring of the oleogels was achieved by hot incorporation of oil with different percentages of carnauba wax, as follows: 3%, 5% and 11%. Characterization of the oleogels was done by determining the chemical and physical properties of the oleogels, the oil binding capacity and the texture of the oleoge...

Asclepias syriaca is a perennial species, native to North America. In Romania, being introduced as an ornamental species, in present being found in different habitats (agroecosystems) and on ever wider areas causing damage. Although the basic biological characteristics of Asclepias syriaca are known, its control is a significant problem. As a result, we hypothesized that temperature and sowing depth can be used to reduce the population of Asclepias syriaca. To test this, the seeds were put at 5?C, 27?C, room tempe...

Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum) are fruits rich in bioactive substances, especially compounds with antioxidant characteristics. Tomato fruits are a source of vitamin C, having beneficial properties for health. Current indications lead us to the conclusion that tomato fruits are potential candidates for the study of bioactivity, as well as for functionally developed fruits. The activity of these bioactive compounds is to combat the activity of free radicals. Tomatoes are the most popular vegetable crop in the world...

Agriculture sector has a major role in food security worldwide, through its contribution to the production and availability of highly nutritious and safe foods such as meats, eggs, milk and vegetables. In recent years, global warming crises became a serious worldwide issue since it adversely affects human health. One of the solutions to this serious problem is to establish integrated farming system (IFS). This is because the integrated farming system use natural resources efficiently, reduce problem of waste, mini...

The use of natural products for healing purposes has gained great attention worldwide. Increased interest in certain plant products has been achieved mainly due to their ability to limit antibiotic resistance. Also, as the hypothesis that all biological processes at the cellular level are severely affected by the formation of free radicals has been confirmed, it is attempted to highlight some active principles in plants and their use as agents to counteract the oxidative process [1, 2]. This paper aims to demonstr...

Pasta, is an unleavened, dry food produced from flour, water and eggs and other additions such as vegetables, fruits. In this paper on the basis of the technology and recipe of its own manufacture, two types of wide noodles with broth and wide noodles with spinach were obtained. Based on the methods of the quality standards, the samples of noodles were evaluated physicochemical from the point of view of the water content, as well as the content of protein and ash substances. The results obtained by physicochemical...

The artisanally produced cheese feels a major comeback. Shops specialising in artisanal cheeses are increasingly selling artisanal cheeses made by local producers. In this work we made an assortment of matured cheese, from cow's milk, according to a traditional recipe from Harghita County, Romania. The technological process of obtaining ripened cheeses from cow's milk, studied by us, complies with the traditional technology used for many years. The products obtained were physicochemical evaluated in terms of moist...

The article examines the possibility of using corrugated pipes in the evaporator to intensify the heat exchange process. A computer model was constructed using the finite element method in Fluent ANSYS. Performed computer simulation of the boiling process of liquid in a smooth and corrugated pipe and was check it for adequacy. According to the modeling results, was carry out a comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators for a smooth and corrugated pipe. The temperature value in smooth and corru...

This study was examined to assess the beneficial effects of baobab flour (BF) on wheat flour (WF) muffins. Four (4) types of muffins, including control and 3 with 10, 20, and 30% BF, were produced and analyzed from a nutritional, phytochemical, and organoleptic point of view. The results of the nutritional analyses revealed that partial substitution of WF by BF significantly improved the nutritional characteristics of the muffins. There was a significant increase in mineral and lipid content in the muffins as BF b...

Goji fruits (Lycium barbarum) are known for their very high content of antioxidants, supplemented by a high intake of vitamins, (including vitamins A, C and vitamins from the B complex), minerals (calcium, magnesium, selenium), proteins, fibers and amino acids. Thus, goji fruits have a very high nutritional potential, which is why their inclusion in the daily menu or their use for therapeutic purposes have proven extremely beneficial for the human body. Hazelnuts (Corylus avelana) and pistachios (Pistachia vera) a...

Induction and synchronization of estrus during non-breeding season is the most frequently used biotechnological method of assisted reproduction in sheep. Synchronization of estrus in sheep is a very important breeding technique as it can effectively improve the reproductive performance of sheep, minimize the effects of seasonal factors on sheep reproduction, extend the breeding season of sheep, shorten the estrus interval, increase the gestation rate, increase the birth rate, it can also lead to the shortening of ...

The indicator of the quality of edible oils is its oxidative stability. The oxidative reactions can be influenced by several factors (light, heat, oxygen reaction with unsaturated lipids) and by chemical and enzymatic mechanisms (autoxidation, photooxidation and lipoxygenases). These factors can accelerate lipid oxidation, decrease oxidative stability and cause significant modification on sensory properties, what lead to nutritional depreciation of edible oil and decrease in the shelf life. The aims of this study ...

To improve individual and total meat production, it is necessary to implement control models of anthropogenic influence on meat production, i.e., the readjustment and diversification of mammal and poultry meat productions to the needs of the processing industry and the regional market trend. Depending on the evolution of herds and productions, the implementation of measures to improve organizational management is aimed at ensuring, in addition to nutrition, environmental control and favourable maintenance conditio...