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The reliability of adjustment results in geodetic networks is of critical importance for the investigation of geodynamic processes such as deformation and tectonic movements, where vertical displacements represent a key monitoring component. Precise levelling remains the fundamental technique for such observations. Recent studies indicate that the adjustment of all possible combinations of measurements can yield more accurate and reliable results compared to the classical least squares adjustment of levelling netw...

The maintenance of a modern vertical reference system in Bulgaria, aligned with the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS) standards, is directly dependent on the precise knowledge of the Earth's gravity field. The research presented in this paper is motivated by the 5th cycle of the 1st order National Leveling Network (NLN) re-measurement, initiated in 2021, which involves complex observations across 55 leveling lines. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the extent to which existing gravity reso...

This paper is focused on the verification of two quasi-geoid models for the territory of Bulgaria (the model integrated into the Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre Agency (GCCA) official product for the transformation of geodetic data and a model derived using the GNSS/levelling method) through direct geodetic measurements. The study was developed in the framework of the current 5th cycle of the 1st Order National Levelling Network (NLN), conducted in accordance with the requirements of the new 2021 Instruction [1]...

The monitoring of the construction behavior is one of the important activities carried out to determine the state of construction, subject to various natural and anthropogenic actions at a given time. In Romania, the activity of rockfill dams monitoring is regulated according to the importance category (A, B, C). The Rausor Dam is located downstream of the confluence of the River Rausor with the river Targului, which springs from the Iezer - Papusa Mountains in the central part of Romania. Being part of importance...

Civil aircraft navigation uses specific procedures for the continuous determination of the aircraft position using the path and distance traveled in the considered time interval as calculation elements. Throughout the route, errors must be estimated that are generated by a series of parameters such as: hydrometeorological conditions, air current direction, declination, geoid parameters, the ship's nautical qualities and the response mode of the navigation equipment. The indications of the magnetic compass must be ...

The aim of the article is to present selected experience with updating the digital technical map (DTM) dataset in the Czech Republic after 2 years of its widespread introduction into operation. The subject of the analyses was the methods of initial filling of the basic spatial situation (ZPS) data with new mapping of land roads and defined territories of technical infrastructure administrators. When updating the ZPS, accuracy problems of vectorization from LIDAR mobile mapping data and problems of the results of p...

Spatial data infrastructure is an essential tool for the management, planning, and analysis of sustainable development. The Latvian ecosystem, which consists of numerous decentralized resources, has successfully established a foundation by fulfilling the requirements of the European Union's INSPIRE and Open Data directives. The transition from a culture of viewing 'paper maps' to the automated machine processing of standardized, vectorized, and semantically rich data represents the primary benefit. To evaluate and...

UAV photogrammetry is well established in Slovak geodesy across all aspects of surveying work. To a lesser extent, it is also used for the purposes of the Slovak Land Administration System (LAS). The aim of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining coordinates of breakpoints of ownership boundaries from data acquired by UAV photogrammetry. Data collection took place in 2025 in the cadastral area of Pac, covering an area of 0.703 square km. The survey work lasted 4 hours using a DJI Ma...

This paper investigates the potential of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology for monitoring vertical displacements in areas affected by underground mining and evaluates its combination with precise geometric leveling. The study is based on repeated measurements carried out in the Stonava locality (Czech Republic), where intensive deep coal mining induces significant surface subsidence reaching up to several decimeters per year. The main objective is to assess the accuracy of GNSS-derived heights, ...

The aim of the article is to present modern geodetic methods used for surveying sacral buildings. These are terrestrial surveying, photogrammetry and drone images. When surveying the building, the digital sketch method was used, which, in addition to the geometry, also captures the topology of the resulting drawing of the surveyed object. The benefit of this method is the automated drawing of a wireframe model of the building in a CAD application. The platform used is QGIS with Python language support. The advanta...