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While analyzing and managing the mining production we are leading not by the mine itself, as an object, but mainly by its model. In that case every taken decision will be workable only if we have a realistic model, completly describing every specifications and characteristic of the mine. In the article we will describe mine modeling algorithms and some requirements of mine computer modeling too.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of a coal sample from the mine CSA for bacterial leaching. Laboratory research used a pure bacterial culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans . The results showed that bacterial leaching was effective, with a one month leaching time, when 68\% of total sulphur and 68\% of pyritic sulphur was leached. The paper describes changes to the pyrite during and after bacterial leaching.

Expenses for maintenance of mine roads at any moment depend on volumes of road surface, needed for laying at the same moment, to transform roads into a usable condition. A method is presented for their quantitative determination toward a series of consecutive moments and principles of statistical modeling are applied for determining the regularities of change of expenses with the time.

One of the main factors that has a great influence over mining production is ore quality management. What is the goal of the real management – forming optimal structures with determinated quality, keeping their quality level during the extractive works and consumption controlling. All these are based on delibaretely influence over different conditions, factors and other specifications of surveying, production preparation, final extraction and procession. The real quality management is focused mainly on mine tran...

This paper deals with a variety of projects and parameters that we had to deal with as we participated – contributed to the 2004 Olympic Games infrastructures providing blast consulting services. The most in number and also most characteristic examples of specific management, that we were required to deal with and implement, were in the wider area of Athens (Attica), which is the main City of the Olympics. Many of the projects had to be accomplished through blasting, though there were archaeological finds and st...

A method for landslide investigation, based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method, is proposed. The practical application of the method for a real object – the landslide near Orsoja is shown. The main priorities of the deformation analysis in comparison with the mass applicated in the practice moving observation are shown.

This study is about the investigation of socio-economic factors in order to enhance preservation of prominent Basin and Lake Regions. The ongoing joint research and development project in Kucukcekmece Basin, Istanbul, aims to implement an environmental master plan for the region and to establish a coordination department which includes coordination of municipality, government institutions and NGOs each other. In addition, monitoring of the water resources within the basin is an important point of the project. Kucu...

This paper focuses on the potential environmental benefits afforded by use of paste backfill technology when tailings are sulfide-bearing and provides a case study chosen from an underground mine in north-east Turkey in order to illustrate these benefits. Additionally, it includes discussions on different slump values with varying cement contents under 28-day uniaxial compressive strength tests for mine tailings and determines the rheological properties of mine tailings with respect to paste production.

As a part of the national project for the development of sustainable water resources, the geochemical studies on an alluvial aquifer system developed in the vicinity of the Nakdong River were carried out for the feasibility study of river bank filtration in Korea. Through the river bank filtration, we intend to secure the sustainable water resources by increasing river water quality polluted from industrialization and preventing an excessive groundwater extraction from alluvial aquifer with defining the most optim...

An option is discussed for creating goal functions for optimizing the expenses for maintenance and repair of mine roads by the means of hyperbolic functions. A transition is presented of the selected hyperbolic functions to a function of decimal liner character and the goal functions are solved parametrically for main betweenrepair schemes.

The degree of toxic metals contamination in water, vegetables and respective soils in the studied area - KCM Smelter site - Plovdiv-Assenovgrad is evaluated in individual and integral aspects. The analytical measurements were performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), Jobin Yvon ULTIMA 2. The analysis lines in the determination of impurities were selected in view of spectral interference. Ground, surface, waste - water and some corresponding soil samples were investigated for m...

The Internet management is not an open process, as well as there is a lack of an information flow, where one could benefit from the information using speed,but not from hiding and misusing the latter. To appear through Internet in front of the professor for a diploma or face to face as a half-wit after electroning training. An ecologyc way of life as a balance between the two opportunities. Is the Internet a public space?Who is Internet?

Titanium; the ninth mose abundant element, occurs in nature mainly as ilmenite (95\%) and rutile (5\%). Ilmenite is an economically important mineral. Ilmenite forms as a primary mineral in mafic igneous rocks and is concentrated into layers by a process called “magmatic segregation”. It crystallises out of magma relatively early before most of the other minerals. As a result, the heavier crystals of ilmenite fall to the bottom of the magma chamber and collect in layers. It is these layers that constitute a ri...

Kestanbol granitoid, one of the post-collision granitoids outcropping in Northwestern Anatolia, takes place as a pluton in the southern of \cCanakkale that approximately N-S trending and within a great tectonic belt. This tectonic belt, named Sakarya Continent, is bordered with Intra Pontide Suture in the NorthAern part and Izmir-Ankara Suture in the Southern part. Kestanbol granitoid intruded into crustal meta-sedimentary rocks by hot-contact and it is surrounded by contact metamorphic aureole. Kestanbol granitoi...

This paper presents the results of magnetic separation tests for the recovery of colemanite from the ore and the tailings produced in Kestelek (Turkey) Processing Plant. Crushed ore (30.76\% B2O3) and tailings (31.76\% B2O3) samples were wet screened and classified into different size fractions. Size fractions coarser than 75 $\mu$m were subjected to three-stage magnetic separation using a high intensity permanent magnetic separator. The mineralogical composition of the ore and the tailings appears to enable gangu...

Development of information technologies for the recent years converted the information into a powerful resource, providing more and more various spheres of production. And the new methods of acquiring, managing and saving different types of information created the information systems. Geoinformation systems (GIS) unite a vigorous mechanism for layered information acquiring, separated to two major information flows, respectively - spatial and descriptive, with absolutely automated functional relations. GIS has a co...

An attempt is developed for a new view on the issues of mine auto-roads in opencast mining in consideration of modern tendencies and consequences, accepted as irrevocable requirements. Important directions are outlined for studies and investigations.

Expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine auto-roads in opencast mining is neither planned nor managed. There are opportunities for significant reduction of those expenses in case regularities of change of expenses for current maintenance of are known and adequate between-repair schemes are applied.

With organizing the excavation tehnology of loose raw materials through the boreholes, considering the complexity of technological operation, the most important thing is to calculate technical-technological parameters of exploitation and to make an optimal selection of pump aggregate, pipe line and pulp line, and also to project and construct the equipment for drilling and obtaining of concrete deposit conditions since there is no serial production. Hydromonitor presents its most important part that forms and dire...

Goal functions – economic-mathematical models for minimizing the average annual expenditure for repair and maintenance of mine roads are composed and solved. The models are composed of polynomial functions. Results are presented from the practice of mines “Vitren” EAD and “Opencast mining” – Pernik, EAD.

Paste backfill was first developed by Preussag at the Bad Grund Mine. Filtered tailings were combined with 30 mm heavy media separation tailings to produce a paste backfill. These ingredients were combined and mixed on surface and pumped to the underground mine using two Putzmeister concrete pumps working in parallel. Dry cement was added to the paste mixture just prior to being placed into the stope. The resulting fill then formed the roof for the next cut using an undercut and fill mining method. The experimenta...

In the connection with work on the International project NATO Science for Peace 973739 "Dynamics, evolution and limitation of heavy metal water pollution in the Plovdiv region (Bulgaria)" a complex ecological investigation was accomplished. The main parts of the work have been related to clarification of the hydrogeological peculiarities in order to assess conditions and risk of contamination of the ground waters. For this purposes in the period 2001-2003 a monitoring network for seasonal and monthly observations ...

When planning and landscaping areas to be recultivated after the cessation of mining activities in brown coal opencast mine areas, limiting conditions as regards natural space, economy, technical safety and legal regulations must, in particular, be taken into account. The present features of the landscape have been created by human activity throughout centuries and can only be preserved. The preservation of native fauna and flora is to be ensured by a network of biotopes which will include the zone in front of the...

During the last 20 years, the northern and central part of the Kat county has been affected by many landslides. Especially in very wet years many landslides of different volumes occurred. These mainly affected the rocks which are well known for being prone to slope movements of many types of sizes. The bedrocks of the study area are metabasalts and sedimentary series. These rocks are overlain by younger alluvium and debris materials. Monitoring during the last seven years has indicated that the slopes are still ac...

The PHARE Project “Supervision for closing of the Uranium Mines at Eleshnitza and Dospat” foreseen recultivation of tailing pond at hydrometallurgical plant “Zvezda”Eleshnitza, construction of Waste water treatment plant for drainage waters, and construction of depo for domestic wastes in quarry to mine “Dospat” – Barutin. The radiation protection during the rehabilitation engineering works is carry out in accordance with Inception Report present by Supervisor; the actual standard document; the permi...

In this study, the mineralogical properties and the amenability of Mastra (G\"um\"uşhane-Turkey) gold ore to gravity recovery using a Knelson Concentrator were examined. The mineralogical analysis of the ore has shown that gold occurs as particles of 1-300 mm in size. In the gravity tests performed on the ground ore (-74 •m) a concentrate containing 771.95 g/t Au was produced at 47.15 \% recovery and 1.58\% yield. Enrichment ratios of Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and As were found to be 29.7; 16.7; 2.9; 1.58; 3.15; 1...

In accordance with Tender conditions of Phare Project BG 9904-03-01-01 “Supervision for Closing of the Uranium Mines at Eleshnitza and Dospat” and Inception Report the Radiation Protection Program of the Supervisor are foreseen planning and carrying out of preliminary radioecological monitoring (“zero” monitoring). The goal of this monitoring is receiving of information before the starting of the project for comparison of the effect of improving after the realization of the planed activities. Around the tw...

Clinker waste heaps in the vicinity of KCM smelter, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, expected to be relatively insoluble, and hence inactive according to the environment, were found to be affected by burning of spontaneously ignited carbonaceous material contained in it. This way the waste heap represents an active chemical reactor. The investigation revealed that the process turns the chemically resistant glassy phases into water soluble compounds, abundantly found close to gas and vapour exhalations through deep cracks in the...

This study investigates the potential environmental impact of ground vibrations produced from blasting operations performed at AraklД±-TaЕџ\"on\"u limestone quarry where the school, mosque, historic place and village houses are situated. During the study, the parameters of scaled distance were recorded carefully, and the groundvibration components were measured at different locations by suitable monitors for 31 blast events. From the statistical analysis of the results, the general peak particle velocity equation ...

This paper is devoted to a seismotectonic study and earthquake hazard assessment for the Hamadan area. The major faults, active faults and potential seismic sources as well as the moderate and large earthquakes in the region are identified and illustrated in a seismotectonic map. The appropriate attenuation laws are selected according to seismotectonic characteristics of the region and site geology of the area. A model of the earthquake sources are prepared and earthquake hazard analysis has been done for the area...

Exponential functions are very effective for describing the regularities of change of expenses for maintenance of mine automobile roads. The solution of goal functions in their parametrical type is interesting as economic mathematical models are often constituted of goal functions.

The Sar-Cheshmeh granodioritic stock, called “Sar Cheshmeh Porphyry”, is intruded into the Eocene andesitic rocks. This intrusion has caused potassic (biotitic) and propylitic alteration zones in peripheral rocks. Potassic alteration zone is overprinted by a phyllic alteration zone, which is occurred by heated meteoric waters that affected primary alteration zones. About half of the copper mineralization in Sar- Cheshmeh has occurred in potassically and phyllically altered andesitic rocks. In this paper, mass ...

Sar-Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, as the biggest copper mine in Iran is located in southwest of Kerman. This deposit is located in southern part of Orumieh – Dokhtar metallogenic belt, which is also the most important copper belt in Iran. The Sar-Cheshmeh granodioritic stock, called “Sar-Cheshmeh Porphyry” is intruded into the Eocene andesitic rocks. This intrusion has caused potassic (first mineralization episode) and phyllic alteration zones in lower levels due to ascending toward the lower temperature...

The studying area is placed on the surrounding of Ataturk Dam in Bozova (S.URFA) in the southern Turkey. The main lithology of the region starts calcareous marl and upper part is consist of lime stones with crystalline dolomites and chert. In the region there are some important climatic changes which took place during the accumulating water in the lake of the dam. These situations caused many new environmental and agricultural effects. Especially the geochemical features of the lithological unit of the region role...

Every action of human being causes changes in environment. Industrial activities realizing large volume of production affect the environment more. Scientific researches not only produce novelty but also try to find solutions in order to reduce the negative effects of these industrial activities. The countries that are good at utilizing their mineral sources have completed their social development in a short time and taken a place among the developed countries. The mining operations have been causing some changes o...

This paper presents the estimation of ground vibration parameters induced by blasting excavations realized at eight different sites located close to the residential areas. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity and determine the slope of the attenuation curve for eight sites, ground vibration components were measured for all blast events over a long period. During the study, while the parameters of scaled distance were recorded carefully, the ground vibration components were mea...

In this study, the geological features of the placers in the Aegean region of Turkey and possible processing options for the recovery of precious metals and industrial raw materials were examined. Industrial raw materials present in the placers and their potential for industrial uses were reviewed. A conceptual flow sheet for the production of a bulk concentrates to recover rutile, ilmenite, zircon, hematite, limonite, magnetite, cassiterite and gold contained in the placers concentrate was proposed. Quartz crysta...

Recently, numerous landslides occurred in the southern part of the \"Ozen Dam (Sivas-Turkey) threatening the spillway. Kinematical analyses showed that the potential slope instability direction is NW corresponding to the dominant slope directions. Geotechnical surveys confirmed the rock slopes are highly prone to instability, and failures occurred in the limits between basement rock and debris material in the alteration zone as a planar surface. Pre-existing failures, excavations in the toe of the slopes, low qual...

The full impact of coyote blasting on the environment includes ground vibrations, air blast, fly rock and dust, and these are unavoidable in quarry operations if they are not controlled. The detonation of explosives for rock breakage induces a seismic disturbance that propagates in all directions from the explosion epicentre. In addition to the seismic disturbance, the detonation of explosives causes a transient pressure pulse that is propagated through the atmosphere. This phenomenon has been described in the lit...

The Raigan porphyry copper system is located in southeastern Iran (Kerman province), and is associated with diorite/granodiorite to quartz-monzonite of Miocene age that intruded Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks. Copper mineralization was accompanied by mainly phyllic and lass potassic alteration. Field observations and petrographic studies demonstrate that emplacement of the Raigan stock took place in several intrusive pulses, each with associated hydrothermal activity. Molybdenum is not reported in any stage of h...

New developments in machine guidance systems in recent years have led to an increase in productivity and decrease in costs especially for construction and mining applications. Especially the usage of machine guidance systems for land reclamation projects after open pit mining operations is more profitable for time than traditional methods. Three-dimensional position of a point can be determined with GPS technology, which is known as Global Positioning System. And also real-time positions can be determined by means...

The Bulgarian environmental legislation does not formulate special requirements for the performing of baseline environmental studies and the environmental impact assessment of the prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas. The oil and gas exploration and prospecting activities are usually performed on areas of significant size, and are connected with specific impact on the environment, therefore it is accepted in the good international oil practice to perform obligatory baseline environmental studies ...

The opportunity for heat recovery and greenhouse gas elimination from dilute methane emissions from coal mine ventilation air, oil and gas industries and landfill by using a Catalytic Flow Reversal Reactor (CFRR) technology is discussed. The CFRR technology has been experimentally proven to eliminate methane as dilute as 0.1 \% v/v in air, with no requirement for external heat. Indeed, for concentrations above 0.3 \%v/v, the methane heat of oxidation can be recovered with efficiency up to 90\% as 800oC hot air. Ut...

Twenty three (23) waste water samples, seven (7) soil and twenty two (22) plant ones from the region of the “Pernik” Central Preparation Plant (CPP) are a subject of study. A season method of sampling has been used . The water samples have been taken as follows: 1) water coming in the plant for preparation; 2) water, used during the dressing; 3) water used to transport the slime and fly ash; 4) water, running out of the slime storage; 5) water, that is draining. They have been tested by: ICP for Hg, Al, Cd, As...

Chemical species of existence and migration of water metal pollutants in solution and suspension in the significantly contaminated Plovdiv – Assenovgrad area are identified in their dynamics. Underground, surface and technological waters in their geochemical context are investigated (more than 2 000 data) as a ground of the speciation study (30 trace and 24 major elements). All the trace elements analytical researches are carried out by HR-ICP-AES Jobin Yvon ULTIMA 2 and the speciation study – by WATEQ 4F adap...

Major and trace element concentrations were measured in representative fly ash samples from four Power Units of Agios Dimitrios Thermal Power Plant, Northern Greece. Major and trace element concentrations were also measured in the respirable-size fly ash fraction (<10$\mu$m) of the same samples, separated from the bulk fly ash by laboratory treatment. The respirable-size fraction, compared to the bulk fly ash was found richer in CaO and poorer in all other major oxides (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, Na2O, K2...

Coal, Oil and Natural gas account for 30\%, 31\% and 2\% respectively of the world’s total energy. In India, coal based energy is the main source of energy and its energy demand is increasing at the rate of 9\% per year. The supply on the other hand is lagging behind. If this trend continuous, it is estimated that by the year 2022, India would be required to spend Rs. 860 billion per year to meet its energy demand. World attention has recently started shifting towards methane, which can be exploited from the coa...

In article the opportunity of construction by a precision survey polygons necessary for mutual positioning of underground mining with a margin error within the limits of 100 mm is considered. Offered decisions of this problem include optimum accommodation of points of range on a contour of mining, application of a strict way of equalizing of a polygon and gyroscopic orientation of the sides of a traverse by modern devices.